And again about the old. Narrow specialty or complex solution? Narrow specialization or broad profile Relationship of the opposite sex

Practically in any qualified activity there is a range of specialization: from narrow-profile tasks to broader ones. Which specialization is more profitable in terms of career: broad or narrow?

Broad specialization

Advantages:

- it is easier to find a job, because the range of vacancies for which you can apply is wider;

- it is easier to improve qualifications or enter related professional fields. The wider the outlook, the easier it is to get used to an unfamiliar professional "territory";

- wide profile - insurance against professional burnout. Even if you love your job very much, but perform the same range of tasks year after year, it is highly likely that there will be less and less inspiration for work over time;

- focus on innovation. The wider the field of view, the easier it is to see perspective. Generalists tend to see new opportunities before they even exist. Because people with a broad outlook every day live in the mode of searching and processing new information.

Main disadvantage broad specialization - lack of depth. The specialist is familiar with different areas, but in some places - very superficially. Due to ignorance of the details, the probability of errors is high.

Recommendation. If you are a generalist, and it is not physically possible to delve into every detail (which is natural!), Use the advice of narrow specialists to help you avoid sharp corners.

Narrow specialization

The main advantage of narrow specialization

As the owner of rare knowledge and skills, you automatically fall into the category of valuable specialists: after all, what you know and can do, few know and can do.

disadvantages:

You have to wait until a suitable vacancy appears on the labor market. (By the way, this time can be used to broaden your horizons!);

- the risk of getting bogged down in a routine, professional burnout;

– what if the demand for specialists in your profile drops sharply? For example, invent new technology or the industry will leave the market. Will have to urgently retrain, and adaptation will be difficult.

Recommendation. As a narrow specialist, try to develop universal qualities in yourself - those that can be useful in various fields of activity. For example, foreign languages, communication skills, creativity. This increases your competitiveness. If you have a hobby, devote more time to it - perhaps someday it will help you out during a crisis in the labor market or become your job if you want to change your professional profile. Expand your general horizons, communicate with people whose company is pleasant to you - this will add new impressions to your life and serve as a prevention of professional fatigue.

Wide profile or narrow specialization? was last modified: June 12th, 2017 by Elena Nabatchikova

"Find your niche!"

"Be a professional!"

You've heard this advice over and over again. And I can't say that this is bad advice. On the contrary, to do a good job, you need to be competent. And for this, you just need to decide on a niche and improve in this direction.

But the world around us is changing. And your approach to work also needs to change. No, to do hack work, not to develop, not to delve into the area in which you work - this is not necessary. On the contrary, you need to study, develop and comprehend those areas that directly relate to your main specialization.

Because the services of freelancers are mainly in demand among representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. And they, in turn, need who? That's right, a versatile fighter who could do several jobs at the same time.

Because it's cheaper and more convenient.

And the result, you say? Will he be good?

It all depends on the specialist himself. I won’t reveal a secret to you if I say that narrow-profile specialists sometimes do this ... And if there are several of them, each one pulls in their own direction ... It’s time to go crazy.

Narrow specialty - pros and cons

One of my good friends not so long ago in his blog talked about why a businessman needs to hire an expert in a particular specialty, and not a jack of all trades. And is he alone?

He is right - an expert always has a bunch of chips in stock that a generalist may not know. That's why he's called an expert. And if you want to get a high quality service, you need to look for a specialist in a specific topic.

But there is one minus in narrow specialization, about which everyone is silent.

It gets boring. You can quickly reach the ceiling and burn out, the monotony is annoying. Gets bored somewhere on 10-20 of the same project as everyone else. Working on a knurled track is not always a pleasure.

There are also disadvantages for employers. The main one is expensive. Think that everyone needs to hire a SEO specialist, a developer, a copywriter, a contextologist, a sms specialist ... And everyone should pay a considerable fee. Not every business can pull such expenses, not everyone. After all good specialist takes good money.

And yet - the project is pulled like a blanket, each on itself. Seoshnik says that the main text should be like this, the contextologist - like this, because advertising will not work. And this button should be right here. The designer is against rearranging the button, because the whole look of the site breaks. And the copywriter says that no one writes texts like that anymore ...

Therefore, such projects are developed for a long time, changes are made over the years, there are many imperfections and shortcomings.

I saw these projects and worked with them. The owner of the site simply does not know whom to listen to, because the opinions of specialists rarely coincide. And being a copywriter there is a curse.

"... I can also cross-stitch..."

The point of view of Dmitry Rumyantsev is closer to me. at leisure.

I'll quote the most interesting part:

It is more profitable to find a high-quality freelancer who has 5-7 customers and makes good content for them than to go to agencies with their flow and average quality of work. Yes, now there are so-called “boutique” agencies that follow the same approach, but in fact they are 5-6 competent freelancers who have teamed up and work together.

It seems to me that it is in the interests of the market to make sure that there are people who have few clients, but work with high quality. And it is more profitable for customers to take a freelancer “for themselves” than to contact some agency. Of course, agencies will have their own niche, large clients, giant corporations will apply there, but for small and medium-sized businesses, which make up a large part of the economy, the best way- high-quality competent freelancers.

For a freelancer, versatility is a constant evolution. In addition, you are responsible for the entire project and know perfectly well what works where and how. Working in this way with small businesses, small companies is ideal.

Let's say you were hired on such a turnkey project. We made a website (engaged our own developer and designer, acted as a project manager), fill it with content (buy or write it yourself), do SEO promotion. You can also customize contextual advertising and lead groups in social networks. All this is quite within the power of one person. If a task seems overwhelming, you can always delegate it to colleagues, hire an outside specialist and supervise the process.

But in order to work like this, you must first learn to comprehend those areas in which you have never worked before. And constantly develop, catch new chips.

For the employer, this is good in every way. You have an assistant who is engaged in the representation of your company on the Internet. He can understand the specifics of your business better than five different narrowly focused specialists.

You are not in the flow of the same as you, as is the case with agencies or already eminent specialists who run dozens or even hundreds of businesses. Do they care about your problems? No, because there are many problems and they have many clients. And for a generalist freelancer, you are one in five at worst.

But a freelancer in this case often goes into the category of a remote worker. I won't say it's bad. Haven't you dreamed of working from home and having a stable salary? At the same time, no one bothers to conduct a few more small projects (if you have time).

In general, a freelancer may well conduct a comprehensive 2-3 projects in parallel. Depends on the desire to work, on speed and experience.

Moreover, such versatility opens up new horizons for you. If you know the processes from the inside, you can grow to be a project manager or open an agency (if you want). And none of your employees will reproach you for incompetence - because you know everything. Perhaps not “more and more about less and less”, but for the normal functioning of your project it is enough.

Therefore, I am more inclined to believe that it is useful for a freelancer to be versatile. I myself work this way, and clients do not complain about the result. The project turns out to be holistic, and sharpened specifically for a specific business.

I am often asked - here it is necessary to grow, but where to grow? Grow not in depth, but in breadth. Explore new areas, and you will always be interested. And investments in knowledge will return a hundredfold. Especially when you start putting them into practice.

The choice of a profession is a question that everyone faces. From early childhood, a person tries to understand what place he will occupy in adulthood. Someone sincerely believed in the career of a firefighter, someone wanted to become a ballet actor, and some dreamed of selling sweets to children. Unfortunately or fortunately, not all children's wishes come true. With age comes understanding. ideal profession- this is not only a favorite, but also a demanded business. Current schoolchildren and applicants must anticipate changes in the labor market. In this regard, you should deal with the list of professions in demand in 2020-2025. It should be capacious and justified - then it will be possible to use the freedom of choice.

What was relevant before

The first professions appeared before the rise of civilization. Then among the ancient people had a clear, concrete character. The task of the man was to ensure the safety of the "home", women and children. He also had to provide the tribe with food. Women, on the other hand, raised children and made sure that the fire in the family hearth always warmed the household. The redistribution of responsibilities appeared when humanity began to change their usual way of life. Nomadic tribes became sedentary, development began Agriculture. There was such a profession as a farmer.

The hard physical labor with which people cultivated the land prompted society to invent more convenient devices. There was a craft. Over time, the specialties of potters and blacksmiths were born - these were professions associated with the future. Dynasties of masters constantly improved their skills, which triggered progress. Eventually, this led to the fact that there are currently about forty thousand different professions.

Emergence of a narrow specialization

Already in the twentieth century, there was an urgent need for a division of labor. If earlier "jacks of all trades" were indispensable and in great demand, then in the conditions of congestion in the labor market and a constant increase in demand for goods, narrow specialists were needed. The first to understand this was Henry Ford, who divided the production of cars into conditional workshops. In each of them, a separate part of the general mechanism was produced. People worked where they were more successful. The result was an increase in output finished products several times. Ford's example was adopted by other major manufacturers, and now every enterprise uses the assembly line method.

How was the progress

In industrial Russia, throughout the twentieth century, traditional factory workers were popular, they received a good salary, and young people, wanting to be useful, went to work with pleasure. large enterprises. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, many factories lost their stability. A new era has begun in the labor market - the development of the service sector. Construction developed no less actively - large cities were built up with high-rise buildings. Thus, at the beginning of the 2000s, the professions of a builder, a bricklayer, a plasterer, as well as managers, waiters, specialists in the field of restaurant and tourism business and other service workers.

In 2007, society was increasingly wondering what professions would be in demand in 10 years. Applicants understood that the whole subsequent life depends on their choice. Then the ratings of the professions of the future were full of sales managers, marketers, customer service specialists, IT engineers, lawyers, economists and some others. This suggests that at that time the service sector continued to develop and the demand for qualified specialists was constantly increasing. But even then the trend of development in the field of scientific research began.

Scientific development today

Now scientific research is given a decisive place. The future development of the country and society depends entirely on the daily achievements of scientists. Peculiarities scientific development consist in the fact that there is a clear division of science into several independent disciplines. This makes it possible to address relevant issues in more detail. Research and experiments on this stage development of mankind are aimed primarily at solving environmental issues. So, an expert in the field of alternative energy will be in great demand on the labor market in a few years. Equally important is the field of medicine, since the extension of life and the improvement of its quality are paramount issues of our time.

Medical Professions

The development of technology allows specialists to constantly improve. However, this medal has another side: employees need to improve their skills and undergo retraining programs. Undoubtedly, the results pay off all efforts - after all, they prolong human life.

The future is theirs

It is easier to present a list of professions in demand in 2020-2025 as a list:

1. Surgeon. This specialist must keep up with the times. So, already in 2012, an operation was performed to implant the implant of the lower jaw, which was previously printed on a 3D printer. Operations to implant artificial organs, such as kidneys, liver, and even the heart, are not unknown. The ability to use completely new technologies is the most important skill of a successful specialist of the future.
2. Health Manager. A representative of this profession will have to select a team of scientists, engineers, developers and researchers and coordinate their joint work to achieve commercially promising goals.
3. Medical device architect. This is a symbiosis of the profession of engineer and medical worker. This specialist will develop the design of medical equipment, as well as ensure its normal functioning. This profession is also called "bioengineer". Where to study? In higher education institutions that have directions "medical photonics", "biotechnical and medical devices and systems", "computer technologies in medical physics".
4. genetic consultant. This is a specialist in the field of genetics, which reveals hereditary diseases, determines individual characteristics metabolism and examines diseases that cause viral and bacterial infections.
5. Molecular nutritionist. The duties of a representative of this profession will include the study of the molecular composition of food and the development of an individual diet for each patient.

Industry

In order to understand the question of what professions will be in demand in 10 years, one should analyze the economic development of the country at the present time. The leading sector of the economy in Russia is industry. This is the most important factor influencing the development of the state. A specialist who has connected his life with this area will never be left without work.

Where to go?

Types of industry:

• Food.
• Light.
• Chemical.
• Mining.
• Metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous).
• Mechanical engineering and metalworking.
• Fuel and electric power.
• Coal, oil and gas.
• Lesnaya.

Thus, industry provides society with everything that is necessary for its normal functioning. The food industry of the future, for example, is developing new varieties of plants that humanity eats. Quantity vacancies in industry is always higher than in other branches. In addition, there is a need to optimize production, so that, in addition to representatives of working professions, the work of economists, biologists, and many other specialists will be useful here.

Indispensable in industry

So what are the most in-demand professions in 2020-2025? The list will look like this:

1. Design engineers who will design new equipment and invent more modern technology.
2. Nanotechnologies whose field of work is ultra-modern nanotechnologies.
3. Chemists, biotechnologists, petrochemists, employed in all branches of the chemical industry: from household chemicals to complex chemicals used in production.
4. Seamstresses, textile workers, cutters whose labor will always be in demand in
5. Lumberjacks, locksmiths, sawyers that ensure the correct distribution of forest resources.

Occupations in demand in 2020-2025: list for men

Many primordially male professions were also mastered by women over time. So, now ladies can be not only drivers and bosses, but also politicians, policemen, assemblers. But, despite the wide distribution of such professions among the fairer sex, some areas are much more suitable for men. These include the professions of a sailor, pilot, miner, lumberjack, plumber, bodyguard, security specialist, firefighter, military, as well as a builder or scientist. The most promising areas for men are:

• Programming.
• Design.
• Engineering.
• Cyberprosthetics.
• City-farming (organization of production of farm products in a metropolis).
• Space industry - piloting spaceships, cosmogeology and galactic architecture.

It so happened that more men than women are endowed with a technical mindset. This plays into the hands of the stronger sex: the rapid development of science and industry requires not only an increase in the number of workers, but also the involvement of technical minds. Design, drawing, planning, organization and optimization of production require a strong and strong-willed person at the head of the table. Often these positions are held by men.

In-demand professions in 2020: a list for girls

Representatives of the beautiful half of humanity are not inferior to the male part of the population. Diligence, punctuality, clarity of action and a non-standard approach distinguish women specialists from the vast majority of male colleagues. The ability to adequately overcome difficulties at work in our time is also inherent in ladies. Thus, the areas of work for women are very diverse: from creative specialties, in which girls are traditionally considered professionals, to complex technical sciences. This includes the work of a teacher, a marketing, tourism or advertising manager, a realtor, a designer in all areas, as well as a psychologist and even a security specialist.

The most demanded "female" professions in ten years will be the following professions:

• Journalist.
• Editor.
• Nanomedica.
• Space travel manager.
• Game teacher (specialist in teaching children in a playful way).
• Mind fitness trainer (brain training).

Women will not be left without work. A stable life position, activity, enterprise, which coexist calmly with tenderness and complaisance, will always come in handy in the labor market. Not a single direction is complete without the participation of a female hand. In addition, among the students of the country's leading universities, the overwhelming majority are representatives of the weaker sex. Educated girls are able not only to build a brilliant career, but also to teach important knowledge to their children.

How to choose the ideal profession?

Applicants are faced with a difficult choice: to go to study in the direction to which the soul lies, or to choose an unloved, but demanded profession? Everyone decides this for himself. However, careerists who are successful in their field advise finding a middle ground. Not a single profession, even the most relevant in the future, guarantees complete financial security. How a person’s future life will turn out depends only on his desire to move and develop within the framework of his direction. But do you want to grow in an unloved business? Definitely not. Therefore, you need to go where it will be interesting to work in the first place, and the rest will follow.

Development of science and technology

The rate of progress is impressive. Literally ten years ago, mankind could not imagine what the science of today would be capable of. And even now it is difficult to believe that implants of vital organs can be printed on a 3D printer, that the space tourism industry not only exists, but is also actively developing. That nanotechnologies occupy a leading place in the development of industry. It is difficult to imagine what the professions in demand will be in 2020-2025. The list can only be conditional. But one thing is clear for sure: the future will not be able to do without qualified specialists. So, you need to learn, develop and work on yourself a lot.

There are a huge number of professions where it is simply necessary to be a generalist, otherwise, in conditions of crisis instability, you can simply be left without a job. Programmers do not have this problem: having experience and excellent knowledge in any one popular discipline, you can build a pretty good career on it without any problems.

However, periods of stagnation, when you either can’t find a job or can’t wait for a raise, happen to everyone in life. And then you involuntarily think: maybe learn another programming language, learn the profession of a tester, layout designer, system administrator, become a real full stack developer? Is it better to be a great programmer in one direction or try to become a jack of all trades? Let's try to find out.

Let's agree right away that when comparing, we assume that a multi-machine person simply physically cannot have such deep professional knowledge as a person devoted to one specialty. All other parameters are considered the same.

Work searches

A person whose resume indicates knowledge of a dozen programming languages ​​in good level and with the experience of using each for at least a year, a competent employer will be suspicious. However, at the same time, the coverage of HR managers among multi-machine operators is such that someone will inevitably like the resume. So maybe not in a large IT company and not for a lot of money, but such a specialist will always find a job.

A narrow profile specialist with 2-3 programming languages ​​and knowledge of all related tools and 10 years of experience will also inevitably be in demand. But there is one small snag here: the Russian reality is such that outside of Moscow and 2-3 other large cities, it will not be easy for a well-trained IT specialist to find a job that satisfies his needs in the office. But the opportunity opens up to work successfully outside of Russia. So there will be no problems with work, unless you are tied to the house.

Result: draw. In one case, there is a high probability of finding a job closer to home, in the other - Good work for good money, but it is not known where.

Career growth rate

You are an excellent programmer, who knows the programming language used best in the department, and is fluent in the accompanying libraries and tools. Promotion to lead programmer or team lead is inevitable, especially if you also know how to speak.

And here is another situation: you are not the best specialist in your field, but you can always do the work “for that guy”, and in general, participate at least in all stages of product release. Promoting you to a classic team lead will not be entirely correct in relation to the best specialists(although if the efficiency is at its best, then why not), but a normal boss will simply have to increase the managerial component in your work. The main thing is that you are not against such a development of events.

Result: draw. With a bad boss, specialization doesn't matter, but a good boss will appreciate both approaches.

career horizon

Climbing up career ladder does not imply stops until a happy occasion and a very extended time frame. The faster you learn to move from one position to another to achieve maximum productivity, the higher you will eventually climb.

And here the works of a multi-machine operator will be much more useful, since the position of a leader is not necessarily accompanied by superiority in knowledge over subordinates. It assumes that you have a good idea of ​​what each employee does and how successful he is in it. A coder in C is unlikely to expertly evaluate the quality of the choice of color schemes for an application and its ergonomics, but those who have been at least a little interested in this before will. So the winner is clear.

Result: a clear victory for the multi-station operator. We all do not like bosses who are limited in knowledge, but it is even worse when they are absent altogether.

The salary

If you do not have some unique skills and knowledge, then your only argument in salary negotiations will be the offer of exploitation in several positions at once.

At the same time, a great narrow-profile specialist has several arguments up his sleeve at once: the inevitable profitable offer competitors, the company's dependence on its qualifications, the inability to find an equivalent replacement for less money.

Result: a specialist with a narrow profile wins with a small margin. Patience and hard work are always valued much more than a broad outlook on life.

Respect for colleagues

A good worker will always be respected, but the one who always knows a little more than the rest will always be in special honor. Theoretically, this can be a generalist, simply because he is competent in more areas than any single colleague. But, as practice shows, over time, such people sooner or later begin to irritate the team, simply because they do not have an expert level of knowledge in anything.

Result: the victory of the employee according to the profile. You probably also know such a guy, about whom there is nothing to say, except that in his profession he is a king and a god.

self-satisfaction

Obviously, a person who has put his whole life into one thing is either crazy or really loves what he does. If at the same time he is given opportunities for self-realization, his work is adequately paid, then in the end he begins to turn to friends with the question: “How can you work where you don’t like it?”.

A person who tries to combine several professions in his life at once, as a rule, does this not from a good life. However, this does not mean at all that he does not experience pleasure from work, from success in the profession. He gets a little less tired, since the activities are varied, he more often completes the tasks, simply because they are limited in complexity. But does he experience more pleasure?

Result: Slight bias towards target specialists. Simply because loving is more pleasant than being loved.

Attitude of the opposite sex

Let's end our comparison with a bit of a joke comparison. Just imagine that you go on a date and start talking about work. And it turns out that your companion, for example, is a cook. What do you choose: discuss for an hour her specialty dishes (for example, confectionery) or still talk about cooking in general? Surely the second conversation will captivate you a little more.

Result: The case when a wide profile will be appreciated by both sexes.

Total

5:4 in favor of those IT people who clearly understand what they want to do.

What do you think: the IT world is moving towards universalization or towards an increase in the specialization of professions?

The word "profession" comes from the Latin "professio", which means "official occupation, occupation." Modern definition This term is more voluminous and sounds like this: “a profession is a historically emerged form of labor activity, for the performance of which a person must have certain knowledge, skills, abilities, as well as professionally important qualities.”

Our list of professions is constantly updated and growing.

There is a special list of professions (where, unfortunately, no description can be found) approved by the Ministry of Labor of Russia - “ All-Russian classifier professions of workers, positions of employees and tariff categories"(OKPDTR). As a rule, a rigid tariff scale is actually used only in state and budget institutions. private firms and commercial organizations are more loyal to the discrepancy between education, profession and position.

Career guidance advice from the Professional Guide will help you in this important matter not only as informational support, but will indicate the direction and set benchmarks that correspond to your abilities. Indeed, to build a successful career and a decent life in the future, it is not enough to determine the propensity for a particular profession. A psychologist will help you choose a profession that matches your talents, but in different industries - the most developed in the present and promising in the future.

The world of professions is incredibly diverse and large. In order not to get lost in this diversity, professions were conditionally divided into groups: man-man, man-technology, man-nature, man-artistic image.

We do everything so that you understand your desires and acquire the necessary information.

Professional Guide will give you:

• momentum to move forward
• opportunity to learn new things
• to know yourself from a new side, to be surprised and enjoy these discoveries.