The largest industrial enterprises of the gas industry. Russian oil and gas industry. VIS production company

The oil industry is a branch of the economy that is responsible for the extraction, processing, transportation, storage and sale of oil and petroleum products.

The oil production process includes geological exploration, drilling oil wells, as well as their repair, purification of produced oil from water impurities and various chemicals.

One of the branches of the fuel industry is gas. The main functions of the gas industry are: search gas fields, extraction of natural gas, gas supply and production of artificial gas using coal and shale. The main task of the gas industry is the transportation and accounting of gas.

Development of the fuel industry

(The first oil rigs)

The fuel industry was born in 1859. Then an oil well was accidentally drilled in Pennsylvania, after which the development of the entire region began.

In Russia, oil has been extracted since the 8th century, using the wells of the Apsheron Peninsula. Later, oil began to be produced on the Ukhta River, on the Cheleken Peninsula, in the Kuban. At first, oil was extracted using cylindrical buckets. In 1865, the United States began to use a mechanical method of oil production - with the help of deep-pump operation.

(Oil then, indeed, was in full swing)

In 1901, pre-revolutionary Russia ranked first in oil production. In 1913, oil was produced in large quantities in the Baku region, Grozny and Maikop. There were oil monopolies developing new oil deposits. However, this led to a rapid drop in reservoir pressure. Cooperation with foreign companies led the Russian oil industry into decline. Therefore, in 1918 V.I. Lenin signed decrees on the nationalization of the oil industry. From that moment, the process of restoring this link began. Percussion drilling was replaced by rotary mining, and a period of deep-well pumps and gas lift began.

By 1929, the reconstruction was completed. Thanks to innovations, by 1940 Russia again reached the highest level in oil production.

Despite the fact that during the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, many oil fields were disabled, pre-revolutionary Russia continued to extract natural resources in fairly large quantities. The search for new deposits continued, which made it possible to ensure an increase in oil production in each five-year period - more than 100 million tons.

(Discovery of oil deposits in Siberia 1953)

The discovery of deposits in Western Siberia in 1953 brought even more positive results to the USSR. Both oil and gas were produced here. During this period, oblique drilling was widely used, which made it possible to extract the fossil in a shorter time.

And by 1980, the USSR had become a major oil power. The use of new industrial methods of oil production begins, and automation of industry is being carried out.

The emergence of oil transport leads to the emergence of a network of main oil pipelines connecting oil refineries with each other.

In 1878, the first oil pipeline appeared at the Baku oil fields, and by 1917 the length of Soviet oil pipelines was more than 600 km.

(Oil rigs in Texas, USA, XX century)

In Europe, the oil industry began to develop rapidly in the 1950s. During this period, the richest oil countries were Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

The capitalist countries also had oil reserves, most of which were in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Mexico. The US, Venezuela, Libya, Iraq and Iran also had large oil reserves.

Branches of the fuel industry

The fuel industry consists of three main branches - oil, coal and gas.

coal industry

The coal industry is a fairly old and well-studied industry, especially for Russia. If until the 19th century people used firewood, then during the Russian Empire, mining began hard coal. It is used in transport, for heating residential premises. With the help of coal, electricity is produced, it is used in the iron and steel industry and the chemical industry.

If we compare coal and brown coal, then it should be noted that coal has a rather high calorific value and the quality is much better. That is why it is easy to transport it over long distances. Brown coal is used in mining areas.

Coal mining is carried out in two ways - open and closed. The latter method is effective when the coal deposit is deep under earth's surface. Then it is mined from the mines. The open way is career.

Oil industry

The oil industry is the base of the modern economy. The clearest example of the need for oil in modern world is gasoline. Without gasoline, there would be no cars, planes, sea and river vessels.

Oil is extracted from oil wells or mines. And the well fluid itself is also distributed according to the method of extraction into: fountain, gas lift and pump-compressor production.

Despite the fact that the gas industry is a fairly young industry, it is developing very rapidly. The first gas fields were discovered during the Great Patriotic War. Comparing gas and oil production, it is worth noting that gas production is much cheaper for the state. When it is burned, less harmful substances are produced than from burning oil or coal. Natural gas can be used as a chemical raw material, as well as for the production of mineral fertilizers.

Oil and gas industry in Russia

To date, Russia is not a leader in terms of oil reserves. The reason for this is both the political situation and the process of development of the oil industry in various states.

Today at Russian Federation the development and expansion of oil territories in many parts of the country is also underway. Zapadnaya Siberia remains the largest entity in the extraction of oil resources, there are about 300 oil and gas fields, the main of which are: Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Megionskoye, Fedorovskoye and Surgutskoye. In second place after the Siberian territories is the Volga-Ural basin. The oil here is not as clean as in Siberia - it contains about 3% sulfur, which is neutralized during the processing of raw materials. The main regions for oil production also include: Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Samara, Perm, Saratov and Volgograd regions. In addition to the main oil regions, one can distinguish the Far East, the North Caucasus, the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, on the territory of which a considerable amount of the "black resource" is also extracted.

Today, there is a clear trend towards a decrease in exports and an increase in imports of oil products. 95% of all oil products are transported through oil pipelines, which are displayed on the map of the Russian oil industry and geographical atlases.

The Russian gas industry is one of the budget-forming branches of the state. It is responsible for the extraction, processing, storage and distribution of gas resources for their use. Most of Russia's energy consumption comes from the gas industry.

The gas industry is almost 3 times cheaper than the oil industry and 15 times cheaper than other industrial sectors associated with the production of hydrocarbons.

More than a third of the world's gas reserves are located on the territory of the Russian state and they are located in Western Siberia.

Fuel industry of the countries of the world

(US shale oil production)

The basis of the fuel industry is the extraction and processing of fuel - oil, gas and coal. Abroad, oil production is controlled by TNCs from the United States and Western European countries. And only in some countries oil production is fully controlled by the state. The opponents of the US TNC system are exporting countries. They created the OPEC system, which defends the interests of the state in favor of oil self-sufficiency and independence.

Second World War led to changes in the oil positions of the camp. If before it the leading role was occupied by the United States and Venezuela, then after that the USSR, the Middle and North East joined the battle for the oil championship.

(Oil production in Saudi Arabia)

The oil industry remains the leader in terms of global consumption today. But which country is currently the leader in oil production, it is impossible to say for sure. According to OPEC indicators in 2015, the top five were: Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, China and Iraq.

Natural gas production is growing every year. Today, gas sources are almost equal in quantity to oil fields. In 1990, Eastern Europe and the USSR were the leaders in the extraction of this resource, later the countries of Western Europe and Asia began to produce gas. Today, Russia continues to lead the gas race and is the world's main gas exporter.

The coal industry is inherent in many countries of the world - 60. But only a few countries are the main coal miners - China, the USA, Russia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Coal exports are: USA, Australia and South Africa. And import - Japan and Western Europe.

The Gas Industry section presents the largest energy and oil and gas companies specializing in gas production, transportation and processing.

The gas industry is the most important budget-forming sector of the Russian economy. The youngest and dynamically developing branch of the fuel and energy complex ensures the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas, processing of associated gas from oil fields, providing more than 50% of domestic energy consumption.
The great economic importance of the gas industry is determined by the fact that gas production is more than two times cheaper than oil production and fifteen times cheaper than the production of other hydrocarbons. Gas is an ideal source of energy for public utilities and some sectors of the economy and production.

The gas industry provides not only production, but also transportation of gas, its delivery to the consumer. More than a third of the world's proven reserves of natural gas are located in Russia, but almost all of them are concentrated in areas of Western Siberia remote from industrial centers. The construction and operation of the world's largest gas transmission network, the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia, is also a subject of the gas industry.

Due to the strategic importance of this raw material, there is no place for small and casual firms in the gas industry market. Only global companies of the world scale, large vertically oriented petrochemical productions have the right to operate in the field of production, distribution and processing of natural and associated gas. As a rule, such companies have an extensive management structure, a complex network of subsidiaries.

At the same time, the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the transition of vehicles from gasoline to liquefied gas require well-coordinated interaction between gas producing giants and companies supplying equipment, building and equipping LNG plants and selling products. This is where the comprehensive, up-to-date and annually updated information published in the Gas Industry section of the Oil and Gas industry guide plays a primary role.

Information about the functions, composition and management of global holdings and companies operating in the Russian and world markets, telephone numbers and addresses of natural monopolies and their subsidiaries published in the section will be of interest and useful to industrialists and consumers of gas products, merchants and ordinary workers in the gas industry. Employees of government agencies and administrations will get an idea of the structure and leaders largest companies gas industry.

Leading company in the gas industry

Objectives: To introduce the features coal industry, show industry problems. To study the location of the coal industry. Perform practical work "Characteristics of the coal basin."

Equipment: Map of the fuel industry, coal collection: anthracite, lignite, black coal, painting "Methods of coal mining".

I. Checking homework

1) Mutual survey and mutual evaluation:

I option. Describe the features of the oil industry.

II option. Describe the gas industry.

2) After the interrogation (2 minutes for each option), the teacher can check the quality of the answer by calling one or two students to the board to repeat their oral answer.

If the assessment of students corresponds to the assessment of the teacher for the oral answer, then you can leave marks (mutual assessments) for all students. You can test your knowledge by asking each student a control question. If the student answered the teacher's question correctly, then the grade given by the neighbor remains, if the answer is incorrect, the grade is reduced or canceled.

3) Check the work on the contour map.

4) Geographical dictation.

1. 70% of the country's oil is produced in. (West Siberian base or in the Middle Ob).

2. The cheapest way to extract oil. (fountain).

3. In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranks. (second place in the world).

4. Oil production in the 90s. (reduced/increased).

5. Russia's second largest oil base. (Volga-Ural).

6. The main flows of oil are directed to. (West East North South).

I. Are the refineries located in areas where oil products are consumed or in areas where oil is produced? (In areas where processed products are consumed. It is more convenient and economical.)

8. 91% of gas is produced in. (Western Siberia, or in the Ob).

9. In terms of gas production, Russia ranks. (1 place).

10. Leading enterprise in the gas industry. (JSC Gazprom).

II. The largest gas pipelines come from. (Urengoy and Orenburg).

– Coal was the main type of fuel in the first half of the 20th century, since coal reserves are larger than oil and gas reserves. It has now lost the lead to oil and gas. Coal mining is more expensive, so the share of coal in the country's fuel balance has decreased from 59% (in the 1950s) to 8% (at the beginning of the 21st century).

Coal is used as a fuel in thermal power plants and in industry (75%). And coking coal (high quality) - for example, anthracite (the teacher demonstrates a sample of coal) is used as a raw material in the ferrous metallurgy and chemical industries.

1. Coal mining methods

The depth of occurrence determines the method of coal mining: underground (in mines) or open (in quarries).

The share of open-pit coal mining is about 60%. However, this method worsens the quality of the environment, because when coal is mined in quarries, huge “pits on the face of the Earth” are formed, waste rock dumps, open works destroy the upper fertile layer(soil).

During underground coal mining, “terrikons” (waste rock dumps) accumulate on the surface. The wind carries coal dust from bulk heaps, and rain carries away streams of dirt.

2. Main areas of coal mining

There are more than 200 coal deposits in Russia, but not all of them are being developed. For example, the Tunguska basin (Eastern Siberia) has the largest coal reserves, but mining is not carried out here, since the basin area is not developed: there are no railways, settlements, and consumers. In addition, there is permafrost, which makes mining difficult.

Working with the map:

– Find and show on the map other coal deposits in Russia. (1. Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass) - 40% of Russian coal production; 2. Kansk-Achinsk lignite basin; 3. Pechora basin.)

1. Problems of the coal industry

Coal regions are regions with very acute environmental problems. When burned, it greatly pollutes the atmosphere. In addition to environmental problems, there are also difficulties with coal mining in the basins located in the north of Russia, beyond the Arctic Circle, where coal mining is expensive.

– Describe one of the coal basins in Russia. Give its economic assessment according to the following plan:

1. Geographical position of the basin (region of Russia, etc.).

2. Method of extraction (underground, open).

3. Mining depth.

4. The thickness of the layers.

5. Quality of coal.

6. Production cost.

7. The amount of production, coal reserves.

9. Problems of the basin (environmental, social, etc.).

10. Prospects for the development of the basin.

To complete the work, the teacher suggests that you familiarize yourself with the table (Table 27, account D.) and use its data, or other statistical material, as well as the text of the textbook, maps (Fig. 31, p. 124, account A. and fig. 42, pp. 122-123, study D.).

Example of practical work:

Pechora coal basin

1. The basin is located in the northeast of the European part of Russia, in the northeast of the Komi Republic. The center of the basin is the city of Vorkuta, located beyond the Arctic Circle. Another city in the basin is Inta. Laid to Vorkuta Railway- Pechora (Konosha - Vorkuta).

2. All coal is mined in an expensive underground way.

3. Mining depth of 298 m is deeper than in Kuzbass.

4. Layers of medium thickness 1.53 m (in Kuzbass - 1.85 m).

5. High-quality coals (0.8 thousand kcal/kg).

6. Coals are expensive (the cost is high), because miners have "northern bonuses" to their salaries.

7. Coal mining is 4 times lower than in Kuzbass.

1. Coal reserves are 3 times less than in Kuzbass.

2. Consumers of coal are enterprises of the European North.

3. The basin has little development prospects due to the high cost of coal.

4. The problems of the basin are connected with the difficulties of selling expensive coal in a market economy. Ecological problems associated with the use of heaps. Social problems have become aggravated due to late payment of wages and inflation. People leave Vorkuta for more favorable regions.

1. According to account. D.: §22, p. 120-124.

2. Mark the coal basins (of Russian and local significance) on the contour map.

3. "My point of view" account. A. No. 1-2 (optional).

4. The problem is waiting for your solution.

5. Sociocultural workshop (scholar A., p. 127).

6. Orally describe the three coal basins (according to D.).

Objectives: To define the concepts of "electric power industry", "energy system". To acquaint with the features of power plants of different types and their location. Explain the importance of the electric power industry for the country's economy.

Equipment: Map "Electricity of Russia".

Leading company in the gas industry

Leading enterprise in the gas industry Objectives: To introduce the peculiarities of the coal industry, to show the problems of the industry. To study the location of the coal industry. Run

Oil and gas industry

Gas industry

Gas industry- the youngest and fastest growing branch of the fuel industry. It is engaged in the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas. Gas production is 2 times cheaper than oil production and 10-15 times cheaper than coal production.

On the territory of Russia there are about 1/3 explored world reserves of natural gas, the potential reserves of which are estimated at 160 trillion. m3, of which the European part accounts for 11.6%, and the eastern regions - 84.4%, the shelf of inland seas - 0.5%.

Over 90% of natural gas is produced in Western Siberia, including 87% in the Yamal-Nenets and 4% in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs. The largest deposits are located here: Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, etc. The industrial reserves of natural gas in this region account for more than 60% of all the country's resources. Among other gas producing territories, the Urals (Orenburg gas condensate field - more than 3% of production), the Northern District (Vuktylskoye field) stand out. There are natural gas resources in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan gas condensate field), in the North Caucasus (North Stavropol, Kuban-Azov fields), in the Far East (Ust-Vilyuiskoye, Tungor on Sakhalin Island).

Shelf areas of the Arctic and the Sea of Okhotsk are considered promising areas for gas production. In the Barents and Kara Seas, gas supergiants have been discovered - Leningradskoye, Rusanovskoye, Shtokmanovskoye fields.

For gas transportation in Russia, a one system gas supply, including fields under development, a network of gas pipelines (143 thousand km), compressor stations, underground storage facilities and other installations. There are large gas supply systems: Central, Volga, Ural, multi-line system Siberia-Center.

Russia's gas industry is dominated by RAO Gazprom- the world's largest gas production structure, one of the country's most important natural monopolies, providing 94% of all Russian gas production.

Oil industry

Oil industry engages in the extraction and transportation of oil, as well as the extraction of associated gas. Russia has rather large proven oil reserves (about 8% of the world's - the sixth largest in the world).

The resources of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province have been studied and developed the most. There are large deposits here: Romashkinskoye - in Tataria, Shkapovskoye and Tuymazinskoye - in Bashkiria, Mukhanovskoye - in the Samara region. and etc.

Main oil resources concentrated in the West Siberian oil and gas province. Since 1960, the Shaim, Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk oil regions have been outlined here, where such large fields as Samotlor, Ust-Balyk, Megionskoye, Yuganskoye, Kholmogorskoye, Variegonskoye and others are located.

The formation of the Timan-Pechora oil base continues, the largest field is Usinskoye. Heavy oil is extracted here (by the mine method) - the most valuable raw material for the production of low-temperature oils necessary for the operation of mechanisms in harsh climatic conditions.

Oil was also found in other regions of Russia: in the North Caucasus, in the Caspian lowland, on about. Sakhalin, in the shelf zones of the Barents, Kara, Okhotsk, Caspian Seas.

Oil production is concentrated in the three most important oil and gas provinces, which together provide over 9/10 of all Russian oil, including more than 2/3 in the West Siberian province, and about 1/4 of the total production in the Volga-Urals.

The privatization of oil and gas complex facilities has fragmented the previously unified centrally controlled state system. Private oil companies have seized production facilities and the country's national wealth - oil fields and their reserves. There are 17 companies in the Russian oil complex. Among them, the largest are LUKOIL (18.7% of Russian oil production), TNK (18.5%), Rosneft (15.6%), Surgutneftegaz (13.6%) and Sibneft ( 9.7%.

The advancement of production to the eastern regions and to the north of the European part sharply poses the problem of oil transportation. The most effective means for this in Russia are pipelines (see chapter “Transport complex”). The development of the network of oil pipelines contributes to the further approach of oil refining to the places of consumption of oil products.

gas processing industry is engaged in the primary processing of associated gas from oil fields and is located in major centers oil production - Surgut, Nezhnevartovsk, Almetyevsk, Ukhta. However, the most powerful gas processing centers in Russia are the centers of gas condensate fields - Orenburg and Astrakhan.

The location of enterprises in the oil refining industry depends on the size of the consumption of petroleum products in different regions, the technology of processing and transporting oil, and the territorial relationships between resources and places of consumption of liquid fuel.

Currently there are 28 refineries(refinery) with a total capacity of 300 million tons per year. Almost 90% of the capacities of the oil refining industry are located in the European part of Russia, which is explained by its predominant attraction to the consumer: it is cheaper to transport crude oil through pipelines than to transport petroleum products, and technological process Because of this, most of the country's refineries are located on the Volga and its tributaries (Volgograd, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl), along the routes and at the ends of oil pipelines (Tuapse, Ryazan, Moscow, Kirishi, Omsk, Achinsk, Angarsk, Komsomolsk-on- Amur), as well as in points with an advantageous transport and geographical position (Khabarovsk). A significant amount of oil is also processed in the places of its production: Ufa, Salavat, Samara, Perm, Ukhta, Krasnodar.

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers

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Information

Gas plants are enterprises of the machine-building complex that produce a wide range of gas equipment and gas equipment used in the field of gas processing and gas consumption.

According to the scope of application, gas equipment is divided into:

Household equipment includes various types of gas appliances designed for the efficient and safe use of combustible gases by the population. Household products manufactured by Russian gas plants are represented by:

appliances for cooking: gas stoves, fryers, autonomous ovens, single-burner gas stoves;
devices for hot water supply: instantaneous and capacitive water heaters;
devices for individual heating: storage water heaters, gas fireplaces, special gas burners, heating and cooking devices and heating devices with a water circuit, heating installations for radiant and convective heating.

Industrial gas equipment is an extensive group of gas processing and gas-using devices, represented by:

transportable boiler plants (TKU);
gas reduction points;
gas pressure regulators;
locking and safety equipment;
equipment for the use of liquefied gases;
measuring equipment (devices measuring gas flows, gas meters).

The division of gas meters into industrial and household ones is very conditional: it is customary to classify small-sized meters as household ones.

Since the 2nd half of the 20th century, gas has become the main energy carrier in the industrial and domestic sectors. In the energy sector of the production of glass and ceramic products, cement, building materials, the share of natural gas belongs to more than 60%, in mechanical engineering and metallurgy - about 50%. Demand for the products of gas plants in Russia is constantly growing. Especially noticeable is the increase in demand for measuring equipment, equipment designed to use liquefied gases, devices for re-equipping vehicles to use liquefied gas as fuel.

The main problems of the industry of production of gas equipment and apparatus:

lack of automation and electronics of domestic production, which is why products that compare favorably in price with foreign analogues lose to them in terms of ease of use and quality;
low solvent demand for individual gas-using systems, which leads to the preservation of affordable, but obsolete devices in the assortment of factories (for example, traditional systems AGV with low efficiency (less than 60%) and insufficiently complete combustion of gas);
lack of a developed and well-established system of repair and maintenance of both Russian and imported gas equipment for domestic use.

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers

Gas equipment factories and gas equipment manufacturers More than 3,000 industrial enterprises are registered on WikiProm. Join us for you

Economy of Russia, figures and facts. Part 6 Oil and gas industry

General provisions

The oil and gas sector of the economy of the Russian Federation is the basis for the formation of the country's budget. At the end of 2014, revenues from the oil and gas industry amounted to 6,813 billion rubles. This is 48% of all federal budget revenues. The value of the Russian currency largely depends on world oil prices. The oil and gas industry in Russia consists of three main sectors: production, transportation and processing of oil and gas.

Proven oil reserves in Russia according to 2014 data are about 103.2 billion barrels. This is the sixth indicator in the world. The concept of "proved reserves" refers to the amount of minerals that can be extracted using modern technologies. Venezuela leads in terms of oil reserves - 298.35 billion barrels. But many experts are inclined to think that since oil is a strategic raw material, some countries may deliberately underestimate or overestimate their own reserves.

As for oil production in the Russian Federation, according to the results of 2014, 526 million tons were extracted. Of these, 221 million tons were exported, which is 42% of the total oil production. Compared to 2013, oil production increased by 0.5%, while exports decreased by 6%.

In terms of proven reserves of natural gas, the Russian Federation ranks first in the world. Russia has 47.6 trillion. cubic meters of gas. This is 32% of all world reserves. After the Russian Federation, the most important suppliers of "blue fuel" are the countries of the Middle East.

According to the results of 2014, 640 billion cubic meters were produced in Russia. meters of natural gas. Compared to 2013, the decline in production amounted to 4.2%. 27.1% of all production was sent for export, which is equivalent to 174 billion cubic meters. m. of fuel.

The total value of crude oil exports from the Russian Federation in 2014 amounted to 153.88 billion US dollars, the value of exported natural gas - 55.24 billion US dollars.

For the transportation of oil and gas in Russia, a network of main pipelines was built, which in 2014 totaled about 260 thousand km. Of these, oil pipelines account for about 80,000 km, gas pipelines for 165,000 km, and about 15,000 km for oil product pipelines. In terms of the length of pipelines, Russia is in second place in the world, yielding in this indicator to the leader, the United States, by almost 10 times. The third place is occupied by Canada, with a total length of pipelines of about 100 thousand km.

At the beginning of 2014, 294 companies with relevant permits were producing oil in Russia. 111 of them are vertically integrated companies (VIOCs), that is, they carry out several business processes in this industry (extraction, transportation, refining, sale of oil and oil products). 180 independent companies not included in the structure of VIOCs and 3 companies operating under a production sharing agreement (PSA). A PSA is a specific agreement concluded between a mining company (contractor) and the state. Under this agreement, the contractor is entitled to carry out prospecting and exploration and geological work, as well as to exploit mineral deposits in a certain territory.

There were 258 companies operating in the gas industry in 2014. Of these, 97 companies were part of the structure of oil VIOCs, 16 were part of Gazprom, 2 were part of NOVATEK, and 140 were independent companies. There are 3 companies operating under the PSA agreement.

Workers in the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation receive the highest wages in the country. Calculating the average salary in the industry is quite problematic, since the difference between the salaries of various employees is very large. The lowest-skilled workers on average receive 60-80 thousand rubles a month, qualified personnel receive about 150-180 thousand rubles, and the salaries of managers can reach up to 300-400 thousand rubles and more.

Oil and gas fields of the Russian Federation

The largest oil and gas region of the Russian Federation is Western Siberia. Here, in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrugs, a significant part of natural gas and oil is produced. Oil production by regions of the Russian Federation is as follows:

Western Siberia - 60%
Ural and Volga region - 22%
Eastern Siberia - 12%
North - 5%
North Caucasus - 1%

As for natural gas production, the share of Western Siberia is even higher here than in oil production:

Western Siberia - 87.3%
Far East - 4.3%
Ural and Volga region - 3.5%
Eastern Siberia and Yakutia - 2.8%
North Caucasus - 2.1%

In total, 2,352 oil fields are being developed in Russia. Of these, 12 are unique and 83 are large. Of the 12 unique deposits, 5 are located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 3 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 3 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and 1 in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The largest field in Russia is Samotlor, with estimated oil reserves of 7.1 billion tons. The average daily production is about 65 thousand tons. The deposit is located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The development is carried out by the oil company Rosneft.

The largest oil field in Russia in terms of average daily production is Priobskoye. The field is also located in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and about 110 thousand tons of oil are produced here daily. Explored reserves amount to about 5 billion tons of oil, the companies Rosneft, Gazprom Neft, Sibneft-Yugra are producing.

Prirazlomnoye, Krasnoleninskoye and Salymskoye are 3 more fields of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, which are among the unique oil fields in Russia. Explored oil reserves are 0.4, 1.1 and 0.5 billion tons. Average oil production per day for Prirazlomnoye field is 20.5 thousand tons, at Krasnoleninsky - 21.7 thousand tons, at Salymsky - 2.2 thousand tons. At the Krasnoleninskoye field, 6 oil companies are producing, while Prirazlomnoye and Salymskoye are being developed by Rosneft.

In addition to 5 unique oil fields, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has 2 fields that are among the five largest in Russia in terms of total oil reserves - Lyantorskoye and Fedorovskoye. The initial reserves of raw materials here amounted to 2 and 1.8 billion tons, respectively. But since the fields have been developed since the 70s of the last century, the remaining oil reserves at the Lyantorskoye field are about 320 million tons, and at Fedorovsky - about 150 million tons. The average daily productivity of the Lyaotorskoye deposit is 26,000 tons, the Fedorovskoye deposit is 23,000 tons.

Romashkinskoye is the largest oil field in the Urals and the Volga region and the European part of Russia as a whole. It is located in the Republic of Tatarstan, and the total geological oil reserves here are about 5 billion tons. Over the years of operation, about 3 billion oil has been extracted from the field. Now the average daily production is about 41 thousand tons. The field is being developed by Tatneft.

2 unique fields of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug are classified as being developed, one - Urengoyskoye, is the largest gas-bearing field in the country. The level of oil production at the Urengoy field is about 1 thousand tons per day. The Russkoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye deposits are among the most promising in the Russian Federation; the total geological reserves of these deposits amount to about 2 billion tons. Development should start in 2015-16.

The Vankor oil field is the largest in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. About 50.5 thousand tons of oil are produced here per day, and the reserves are about 450 million tons of oil. The remaining 2 fields of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Yurubcheno-Takhomskoye and Kuyumbinskoye are small, their reserves are about 250 million tons of oil.

The structure of oil production in Russia is such that the 8 largest fields provide about 25% of the oil produced.

Gas production in Russia is concentrated mainly in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. About 81% of Russian natural gas is produced here. This autonomous district contains 8 of the 10 largest Russian gas fields in terms of the amount of extracted fuel.

The largest in Russia and the second in the world in terms of total natural gas reserves is the Urengoyskoye field. The total reserves of blue fuel here are about 10 trillion. cube m. The average annual production is 95.1 billion cubic meters. m.

In terms of the amount of recoverable natural gas in the Russian Federation, the Zapolyarnoye field is the leader. Here, the average annual production is 112.6 billion cubic meters. m. The amount of total reserves is about 3.5 trillion. cube m.

The second largest gas reserves in the Russian Federation is the Yamburgskoye field. The total geological reserves here are estimated at 5.2 trillion. cube m. In terms of average annual production, this field ranks 3rd in Russia - 83.6 billion cubic meters. m.

In addition to the above, 5 more fields in the Russian top ten are represented by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Yuzhno-Russkoye - average annual production of 25.3 billion cubic meters. m.
Yurkharovskoye - average annual production of 23.9 billion cubic meters. m.
Medvezhye - average annual production of 12.2 billion cubic meters. m.
Severo-Urengoyskoye - average annual production of 10 billion cubic meters. m.
Beregovoye - average annual production of 9.5 billion cubic meters. m.

In other regions of the country, there are the Orenburgskoye field, representing the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin and the Astrakhanskoye (Caspian oil and gas field). The average annual production of natural gas in the Orenburg field is 16.4 billion cubic meters. m., in Astrakhan - 12.8 billion cubic meters. m.

Unlike oil production, the 10 largest gas fields account for a significant share of the extracted "blue fuel" - more than 61%. Moreover, about 45% falls on the share of the first three.

Oil and gas processing

The production of petroleum products and gas processing products is one of the most important components of the oil and gas industry. At the end of 2014, 288.7 million tons of oil and more than 70 billion cubic meters were sent for processing in the Russian Federation. meters of natural gas. At the same time, the amount of oil sent for refining is increasing every year compared to oil sent for export. In 2012, the difference between oil refining and oil export was 26 million tons, in 2013 this figure increased to 37 million tons, and in 2014 it reached 67 million tons.

At the end of 2014, oil refineries of the Russian Federation produced:

Motor gasoline - 35.1 million tons;
Diesel fuel - 70.5 million tons;
Fuel oil - 73.2 million tons;
Aviation kerosene - 9.8 million tons.

About 60% of the produced oil products in 2014 were exported. In quantitative terms, the volume of exported oil products amounted to 165.3 million tons for a total of 115.8 billion US dollars. The total value of exports of petroleum products is 72% of the amount received for the export of crude oil. For comparison, this indicator in 2000 was 44%, in 2005 - 40.7%, in 2010 - 51%, in 2013 - 62.5%. It should also be noted that more than 94% of oil products in 2014 were exported to non-CIS countries. Thus, we can state the fact that every year Russian oil products become more and more interesting for foreign consumers, and every year Russia's position as the world's main exporter of oil products is strengthened.

The amount of liquefied gas exported by the Russian Federation in 2014 is 20.5 million cubic meters. meters. This is 22% less than the same indicator in 2013, when a record amount of liquefied gas was exported - 26.3 million cubic meters. m. Compared to natural gas exports, total cost liquefied gas exports are 11 times less. In 2014, liquefied gas was exported in the amount of 5.2 billion dollars.

In addition to the transportation and processing of natural gas, it is necessary to ensure the storage of this type of fuel. For its storage, special underground storage facilities are used. There are 26 underground gas storage facilities in the Russian Federation, of which the largest is Kasimovskoe, which is located in the Ryazan region. It is capable of holding 11 billion cubic meters. meters of natural gas. Storage facilities are located, as a rule, in the main areas of gas consumption. In the Russian Federation, underground storage facilities are being built in depleted deposits (the technology most in demand), in aquifers and in rock salt deposits.

Underground gas storages are located mainly in the European part of Russia. There are especially many storage facilities near Samara - 4 units (Dmitrievskoye, Amanakskoye, Mikhailovskoye, Kiryushinskoye), Saratov - 3 units (Peschano-Umetskoye, Elshano-Kurdyumskoye, Stepnovskoye), Orenburg - 3 units (Kanchurinskoye, Musinskoye, Sovkhoznoye).

Today, there are 26 gas processing plants in the Russian Federation. According to this indicator, Russia lags far behind the United States, where more than 520 such enterprises operate. But it should be noted that in Russia gas processing is carried out at large plants, while in the United States the lion's share of gas processing plants are located directly on the fields, the main function of which is to prepare gas for transporting gas to large plants.

The largest gas processing plant in Russia and the world is the Orenburg gas processing plant. Its production capacities allow processing 15 billion cubic meters. m. per year. Other large factories of the country are Astrakhansky and Sosnogorsky. These three plants account for more than 95% of the processing of all associated gas that is generated in oil reservoirs.

About 100 enterprises operate in the oil refining industry of the Russian Federation. 38% of them are refineries that are part of vertically integrated companies, they produce about 85% of all petroleum products. 14% of the total are independent refineries, which produce 11% of the output. Mini-refineries account for 48% total enterprises, and they produce 4% of Russian oil products.

Most oil refineries are part of the structure of the Rosneft company - 9 units, the total production capacity of which is 77.5 million tons. And the largest Russian refinery is Kirishsky, with a production capacity of 22 million tons, owned by Surgutneftegaz. Other major refineries in the country are the Omsk Oil Refinery (production capacity 21.3 million tons/year), Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (production capacity 19 million tons/year), Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (production capacity 14 million tons/year).

The main part of the country's oil refineries is located in the European part of Russia. This is explained by the fact that it is much cheaper to transport crude oil than petroleum products. As a rule, refineries are located in cities where there are river ports in order to save on transportation costs, since delivery by water is the cheapest. The distribution of capacities of oil refineries by the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation is as follows:

Central Federal District - 40.7 million tons;
Northwestern Federal District - 25.2 million tons;
Ural Federal District - 6.75 million tons;
Privolzhsky Federal District - 122.6 million tons;
Far Eastern Federal District - 11.7 million tons;
Siberian Federal District - 42.3 million tons;
Southern Federal District - 27.9 million tons.

The largest oil and gas companies in Russia

OAO Gazprom and NOVATEK are the largest Russian companies involved in the production and processing of natural gas. In addition to them, natural gas production is also carried out by enterprises that are part of the structure of oil vertically integrated companies. Concerning oil industry, then here the leader is Rosneft, and besides it, the leading positions in the market are occupied by Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz and Gazprom Neft.

OAO Gazprom is the flagship of the Russian economy, a company whose annual turnover exceeds the budget of some European countries. Gazprom controls over 150,000 km of gas pipelines and 22 underground gas storage facilities. OAO Gazprom is developing all the largest fields in the Russian Federation (except for Yurkharovskoye). It is the only Russian company with the right to export natural gas.

The turnover of Gazprom in 2014 amounted to 5.661 trillion. rubles, while the company's profit amounted to 1.31 trillion. rubles. The number of Gazprom's employees is about 430 thousand people.

NOVATEK is the second largest producer of natural gas in Russia in terms of production. The company's headquarters is located in the city of Tarko-Sale (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). NOVATEK is developing at the Yurkharovskoye, Vostochno-Tarkosalinsky, Khancheyskoye and other fields located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

In terms of total revenue, NOVATEK is significantly inferior to Gazprom. At the end of 2014, the company's turnover amounted to 357.6 billion rubles. Operating profit amounted to 125.1 billion rubles. NOVATEK controls 7.9% gas market Russia, the staff of the company is about 4 thousand people.

The largest Russian oil company is OAO Rosneft. The company produces oil at the largest oil fields in Russia - Priobskoye, Samotlorskoye and Vankorskoye. The oil refining industry of the company includes 9 large oil refineries and 3 mini-refineries.

At the end of 2014, the turnover of Rosneft amounted to 5.1 trillion. rubles, the total profit is 593 billion rubles. The number of employees of the company exceeds 170 thousand people.

Lukoil is the second largest Russian oil company in terms of production. For more than 10 years, Lukoil occupied a leading position in the market, but in 2007 lost the lead to Rosneft, after its takeover by Yukos. Lukoil is producing oil in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the number of operating drilling rigs of the company is more than 27,000. The oil refining industry is represented by 4 large refineries with a processing capacity of 45.6 million tons.

The total turnover of the company in 2014 amounted to 144 billion US dollars, operating profit is 7.2 billion US dollars. The number of employees of the company exceeds 150,000 people.

Surgutneftegaz is the largest oil company in the Russian Federation, whose main office is not in Moscow. The structure of the company includes the largest Russian oil refinery - Kirishsky. The largest fields developed by Surgutgutneftegaz are Lyantorskoye and Fedorovskoye.

At the end of 2014, the turnover of Surgutneftegaz amounted to 862.6 billion rubles, the gross profit is 241 billion rubles. About 110 thousand employees work in the structure of the company.

Gazprom Neft is an oil company 95.68% of which is owned by OAO Gazprom. Gazprom Neft, together with Rosneft, is developing the Priobskoye oil field. Over the past year, the company's oil refining industry produced 43 million tons of oil products.

The company's turnover for 2014 is 1.7 trillion. rubles. Net profit amounted to about 122 billion rubles. The company's staff exceeds 57 thousand people.

Prospects for the development of the industry

The pace of development of the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation largely depends on world oil prices and on the behavior of the main competitors in oil production on the world market - Saudi Arabia and the United States. These three countries are constantly replacing each other as leaders in oil production. At the beginning of 2014, Saudi Arabia led the way with 11.72 million barrels of oil per day. At the end of 2014, the United States took the first place - 11.6 million barrels per day, Saudi Arabia ended the year with an average of 11.5 million barrels per day, Russia was third - 10.8 million barrels per day. According to the results of 5 months of 2015, the Russian Federation kept its production volumes approximately at the same level and took the lead. According to the data as of the end of May this year, Russia produces on average 10.75 million barrels per day, Saudi Arabia - 10.25 million barrels, USA - 9.6 million barrels.

But the amount of oil produced in a single country is not a determining factor. World prices are affected by the percentage of oil produced in the leading oil powers. This is due to the fact that the cost of producing 1 barrel of oil in different regions differs significantly. The lowest in Saudi Arabia and Iran, and the most expensive in the US.

Thus, with a decrease in the level of production of cheap oil in the Middle East, expensive oil from offshore fields begins to be produced in large volumes to meet world needs, which leads to an increase in the cost of a barrel at exchange trading.

It is not difficult to guess that the increase in the large volume of oil production by Saudi Arabia and other members of OPEC with low production costs will bring down world oil prices. And if the cost of a barrel of oil reaches 30-35 dollars and stays at this level for a long time, then the US oil industry will face a financial collapse.

Of course, the use of severe dumping by the OPEC countries in the world oil market is unlikely, since this could lead to a deep financial crisis, which will largely affect the oil exporters themselves, whose state income depends on the price of "black gold". As for the Russian Federation, the price of $25-30 per barrel is not critical for the oil and gas industry, since the cost of export oil, including transportation, averages $23 per barrel. But although the price of $ 30 per barrel will allow the leading oil companies of the Russian Federation to stay afloat, the Federal budget will miss several trillion rubles, which could lead to catastrophic consequences for the country.

In order to protect themselves as much as possible from fluctuations in oil prices, Russian oil and gas companies are increasingly paying attention to the development of energy exports to the countries of Southeast Asia, Japan, China and India. The countries of this region have great economic potential and for its realization they are forced to export oil and gas in huge quantities. In addition, a very important factor is the fact that most of the oil and gas fields are located in Siberia, from where the transportation of fuel to the Pacific region is cheaper than to Europe. The only problem on which work has already begun is the weak capacity of the oil and gas transportation system in the eastern direction. To solve problems with transportation, the Eastern Oil Pipeline has already been put into operation and the construction of the Power of Siberia gas pipeline is underway.

According to experts, natural gas consumption by China in 2030 may reach 600 billion cubic meters. meters, which will exceed the gas consumption of all European countries taken together. Now China's consumption is 186 billion cubic meters. m., and European countries - about 540 billion cubic meters. meters. The dependence of Europeans on Russian natural gas and oil is very high, because even the package of sanctions against the Russian economy did not affect energy exports.

If the development of the economy of Southeast Asia, China and India continues at the same pace as now, then the European market for gas and oil for Russia will become secondary, and the bulk of energy resources will be sent to the east. In this case, European countries risk becoming more dependent on Russian gas than they are now. After all, at the moment the Russian economy depends on the export of gas and oil to Europe, as much as the European economy on the import of these minerals. And in the case of the reorientation of the oil and gas industry of Russia to the "eastern vector", the dependence of the Russian Federation will decrease, and the need of Europe will not go anywhere. And as the head of Gazprom, Alexei Miller, noted at the International Business Congress, held in Belgrade in May 2015, “Gazprom has no competitors when supplying gas over a distance of 10,000 km. to the European market.

Gas industry is the youngest and fastest growing industry. It is engaged in the production, transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas. Gas production is 2 times cheaper than oil production and 10-15 times cheaper than coal production.

Over 90% of natural gas is produced in Western Siberia, including 87% in the Yamal-Nenets and 4% in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The largest deposits are located here: Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, etc. The industrial reserves of natural gas in this region account for more than 60% of all the country's resources. Among other gas producing territories, the Urals (Orenburg gas condensate field - more than 3% of production), the Northern District (Vuktylskoye field) stand out. There are natural gas resources in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan gas condensate field), in the North Caucasus (North Stavropol, Kuban-Azov fields), in the Far East (Ust-Vilyuiskoye, Tungor on Sakhalin Island).

Shelf areas of the Arctic and the Sea of Okhotsk are considered promising areas for gas production. Gas supergiants have been discovered in the Barents and Kara Seas - Leningradskoye, Rusanovskoye, Shtokmanovskoye fields.

To transport gas in Russia, a Unified Gas Supply System has been created, which includes fields under development, a network of gas pipelines (143,000 km), compressor stations, underground storage facilities and other installations. There are large gas supply systems: Central, Volga, Ural, multi-line system Siberia-Center.

Russia's gas industry is dominated by RAO Gazprom is the world's largest gas production structure, one of the country's most important natural monopolies, providing 94% of all Russian gas production.

Oil industry

Oil industry engages in the extraction and transportation of oil, as well as the extraction of associated gas. Russia has quite large proven oil reserves (about 8% of the world's - the sixth largest in the world).

Oil was also found in other regions of Russia: in the North Caucasus, in the Caspian lowland, on about. Sakhalin, in the shelf zones of the Barents, Kara, Okhotsk, Caspian Seas.

The privatization of oil and gas facilities has shattered the previously unified centrally controlled state system. Private oil companies have seized production facilities and the country's national wealth - oil fields and their reserves. There are 17 companies in the Russian oil complex. Among them, the largest are LUKOIL (18.7% of Russian oil production), TNK (18.5%), Rosneft (15.6%), Surgutneftegaz (13.6%) and Sibneft ( 9.7%.

gas processing industry is engaged in the primary processing of associated gas from oil fields and is located in large oil production centers - Surgut, Nezhnevartovsk, Almetyevsk, Ukhta. However, the most powerful gas processing centers in Russia are the centers of gas condensate fields - Orenburg and Astrakhan.

Currently there are 28 refineries(refinery) with a total capacity of 300 million tons per year. Almost 90% of the capacities of the oil refining industry are located in the European part of Russia, which is explained by its predominant attraction to the consumer: it is cheaper to transport crude oil through pipelines than to transport oil products, and the technological process of oil refining is water-intensive, so most of the country's refineries are located on the Volga and its tributaries (Volgograd , Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl), along the routes and at the ends of oil pipelines (Tuapse, Ryazan, Moscow, Kirishi, Omsk, Achinsk, Angarsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur), as well as at points with an advantageous transport and geographical position (Khabarovsk) . A significant amount of oil is also processed in the places of its production: Ufa, Salavat, Samara, Perm, Ukhta, Krasnodar.

PJSC Gazprom is a global energy company. The main activities are exploration, production, transportation, storage, processing and sale of gas, gas condensate and oil, sale of gas as a motor fuel, as well as production and sale of heat and electricity.

Gazprom has the richest natural gas reserves in the world. Its share in world gas reserves is 17%, in Russian - 72%. Gazprom accounts for 11% of global and 66% of Russian gas production. The company is currently actively implementing large-scale projects to develop the gas resources of the Yamal Peninsula, the Arctic shelf, Eastern Siberia and Far East, as well as a number of projects for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons abroad.

OOO Gazprom Fleet

LLC Gazprom Flot is a 100% subsidiary of PJSC Gazprom, established in 1994 to implement a unified technical policy in the development of gas and oil fields on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation.

construction of exploratory and production wells on the continental shelf;
construction of offshore drilling rigs, specialized ships and other floating facilities;
development and operation of coastal support bases and port infrastructure;
operation of the fleet and its commercial exploitation;
environmental monitoring.

Gazprom Fleet website➠

Public Joint Stock Company LUKOIL

PJSC LUKOIL is one of the largest vertically integrated oil and gas companies in the world, accounting for more than 2% of global oil production and about 1% of proven hydrocarbon reserves.

Having a full production cycle, the Company has full control over the entire production chain - from oil and gas production to the sale of petroleum products. More than 110 thousand people combine their efforts and talent to ensure the Company's leading position in the market.

The Company's activities can be divided into four main operating segments: exploration and production; processing, trade and marketing; petrochemistry; energy.

Russia accounts for 90% of the Company's proven reserves and 87% of commercial hydrocarbon production. Abroad, the Company participates in oil and gas production projects in six countries of the world.
The main volumes of the Company's geological exploration work are concentrated in the areas of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, Western Siberia and the Volga region (including the waters of the Caspian Sea.

The main part of the Company's activities is carried out on the territory of four federal districts of the Russian Federation - North-Western, Volga, Ural and Southern. Western Siberia is the Company's main oil production region (48.2% of LUKOIL Group's oil production), as well as its main resource base (53.7% of LUKOIL Group's proven oil reserves).

OAO Surgutneftegaz

Exploration and production of hydrocarbon raw materials,
Oil, gas processing and power generation,
Manufacture and marketing of petroleum products, gas processing products,
Development of oil and gas chemistry products.

The history of the oil-producing enterprise Surgutneftegaz dates back to October 1977, when it was given the status of a diversified production association, and in 1993 it was transformed into joint-stock company open type. As a vertically integrated company, OJSC “Surgutneftegas” has been on the market for a little over 20 years.

Surgutneftegaz companies have a rather rich history: half a century of experience in oil production, over 40 years of work in the field of oil refining, from 50 to 100 years of oil products supply.

Website of OJSC “Surgutneftegas” ➠

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom Neft

Gazprom Neft is a vertically integrated oil company whose main activities are the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, oil refining, and the production and marketing of petroleum products.

Proved reserves (proved, 1P) of hydrocarbons of Gazprom Neft at the end of 2015 are estimated at 1.52 billion tons of oil equivalent, which puts Gazprom Neft on a par with the 20 largest oil companies in the world.

The structure of Gazprom Neft includes more than 70 oil producing, oil refining and sales enterprises in Russia, near and far abroad countries. The company processes about 80% of the produced oil, demonstrating one of the best ratios of production and processing in the Russian industry. In terms of oil refining, Gazprom Neft is one of the three largest companies in Russia, and it ranks fourth in terms of production.

PJSC Gazprom Neft website ➠

OAO NGK Slavneft

Open Joint Stock Company Oil and Gas Company Slavneft (OJSC NGK Slavneft) was established on August 26, 1994 on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 8, 1994 No. 305 and the Order of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of June 15, 1994 No. 589- R. The main founders of Slavneft were the State Property Committee of Russia with an initial share in the authorized capital of the Company of 86.3% and the Ministry of State Property of the Republic of Belarus (7.2%).

In November 2002, the Government of the Republic of Belarus sold a 10.83% stake in Slavneft, which belonged to the Belarusian state. On December 18, 2002, at an auction in Moscow, a block of shares in Slavneft, which was in Russian federal ownership, was sold, amounting to 74.95% of the Company's authorized capital.

To date, the authorized capital of the Company is 4,754,238 rubles. and divided into 4754238000 ordinary shares with a par value of 0.1 kop. 99.7% of Slavneft's shares are controlled by Rosneft and Gazprom Neft on a parity basis.

Today Slavneft is one of the ten largest oil companies in Russia. The vertically integrated structure of the holding makes it possible to provide a full production cycle: from exploration of deposits and production of hydrocarbon reserves to their processing. Slavneft owns licenses for geological exploration and oil and gas production at 31 license blocks in Western Siberia (KhMAO-Yugra) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The main oil producing enterprise of the Company is OAO Slavneft-Megionneftegaz (OAO SN-MNG). Working at Megionskoye, Aganskoye, Vatinskoye, Taylakovskoye and a number of other fields, SN-MNG produces about 1.3 million tons of hydrocarbons per month. The annual production of all enterprises of the holding is about 15.5 million tons of oil.

OAO NGK Slavneft website ➠

Public Joint Stock Company Tatneft

Tatneft is one of the largest Russian oil companies, an internationally recognized vertically integrated holding. As part of production complex The companies are steadily developing oil and gas production, oil refining, petrochemistry, a tire complex, a network of gas stations and a block of service structures. Tatneft also participates in the capital of companies in the financial (banking and insurance) sector.

For further economic growth, innovative development and strengthening its position as one of the leaders in the Russian oil industry Tatneft:
— successfully implements programs to stabilize the volume of profitable oil and gas production at licensed fields under development;
-actively develops new deposits, including high-viscosity and hard-to-recover oil in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan;
- expands the resource base outside the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation;
– increases the volume of production and sales of finished products of high competitiveness through the development of oil refining and petrochemical industries;
— effectively forms and implements an innovation-oriented engineering policy.

Public Joint Stock Company NK Rosneft

Rosneft is the leader of the Russian oil industry and the largest public oil and gas corporation in the world. The main activities of PJSC NK Rosneft are the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, the production of oil, gas, gas condensate, the implementation of projects for the development of offshore fields, the processing of extracted raw materials, the sale of oil, gas and products of their processing in Russia and abroad .

Rosneft is a global energy company with main assets in Russia and a diversified portfolio in promising regions of the international oil and gas business, including assets in Venezuela, the Republic of Ecuador, the Republic of Cuba, Canada, the USA, Brazil, Norway, Germany, Italy, Algeria, Mongolia, China , Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Ukraine and the UAE.

Rosneft is the leader of Russian oil refining. The Company includes 10 large oil refineries (including a 50% stake in Slavneft-YANOS), several mini-refineries in the Russian Federation. In Germany, Rosneft owns stakes in four refineries with a capacity of 11.5 mmt (in the Company's share). The Company's sales network covers 59 regions of Russia, as well as neighboring countries.

Website of PJSC NK Rosneft ➠

JSC NK RussNeft

The structure of the RussNeft Group of Companies includes 45 producing enterprises.
The geography of RussNeft's activities covers 16 regions of Russia and the CIS countries.
The head office of the Company is located in Moscow.
There are 217 oil and gas fields in development. The total recoverable oil reserves of the RussNeft Group of Companies exceed 900 million tons, gas - 115 billion m³.
The number of the Company's personnel is more than 21 thousand employees.

OAO NOVATEK

OAO NOVATEK is Russia's largest independent natural gas producer. The company is engaged in the exploration, production, processing and sale of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons and has twenty years of experience in the Russian oil and gas industry.

Public Joint Stock Company ANK Bashneft

PJSC ANK Bashneft is a dynamically developing Russian vertically integrated oil company. At the end of 2015, the company ranks sixth in terms of oil production and fourth in terms of primary refining among Russian oil companies. Bashneft demonstrates sustainable financial results and consistently high dividend payments.

Bashneft is one of the oldest enterprises in the Russian oil industry and has been producing since 1932.
The Company's vast oil reserves and resource base are located in three main oil-producing regions of Russia: the Volga-Ural province, Timan-Pechora, and Western Siberia.
More than 180 deposits are in commercial operation.
Production of more than 19 million tons of oil per year.
Powerful scientific potential - many years of experience in the development and implementation of advanced technologies for oil exploration and production.
A high-tech refinery with an average Nelson index of 9.1.
Processing more than 19 million tons of oil per year.
Industry leader in terms of oil refining depth with an indicator of 85.8%.
Production and sale of motor fuels of high ecological standard Euro-5.
As of December 31, 2014, the Bashneft retail network includes 744 filling stations (own and partner) located in 12 regions of the Russian Federation.
High returns for shareholders - for the period 2009-2014, the total amount of dividend payments amounted to 179.1 billion rubles.

Website of PJSOC Bashneft ➠

OAO Oil Company Alliance

Alliance Oil Company OJSC (Alliance Oil Company) is a vertically integrated company established in late 2001 by incorporating oil assets controlled by Alliance Group into its structure. At the first stage, in 2001-07, the company's activity was concentrated mainly in the sector of oil refining and marketing of petroleum products. In April 2008, as a result of the merger of NK Alliance with the oil producing company West Siberian Resources (WSR), an integrated oil company was formed, which since June 2009 has been called Alliance Oil Company Ltd. (AOC).

OOO NK Northern Lights

Northern Lights Oil Company LLC is a steadily growing company that has taken its niche in the oil market.

To date, NK Northern Lights LLC holds licenses for exploration and production of oil in 4 fields of the Timano-Pechora oil and gas province - Lydushor-Shorsandiveysky, Shorsandiveysky, Lydushorsky and Musyurshorsky fields.

The Company's assets include 26 drilled wells, as well as its own oil treatment and transportation system, which includes a 170 km oil pipeline with its own oil delivery point to the AK Transneft system, which allows transporting produced oil and providing oil pumping services to third parties. The Musyurshorskoye field has the infrastructure for oil production, treatment and pumping, including its own power generation, oil treatment, tank farms and metrological equipment.

Website of LLC "NK "Northern Lights" ➠

OAO Tomskneft

The main activity is oil and gas production in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions.
The main area of activity of the company is the Tomsk region. JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is the largest taxpayer, providing a share of 30% of tax payments to the regional budget. The enterprise produces up to 65% of the total oil production in the Tomsk region. The main base city of the Tomsk oilmen is Strezhevoy. The population of Strezhevoy is about 42.4 thousand people.

The area of activity of JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is more than 42 thousand sq. km. The area of licensed areas is over 26 thousand sq. km. home distinguishing feature of our geography: scattered deposits, they are located in the inaccessible Vasyugan swamps and on undeveloped lands. The degree of waterlogging of the Tomsk region reaches 37%.

JSC "Tomskneft" VNK is the owner of 24 licenses for oil and gas production at the fields of the Tomsk region, 7 licenses for the right to use subsoil in the KhMAO, 7 licenses for geological exploration with further production of hydrocarbons. In addition, OAO Tomskneft VNK is an agent for the development of two licensed areas of OAO NK Rosneft. The remaining recoverable reserves of the enterprise amount to more than 300 million tons.

The shareholders of OAO Tomskneft VNK are OAO NK Rosneft and OAO Gazprom Neft, which each own 50% of the Company's shares.

JSC "AMNGR"

search, exploration, development, development and operation of oil and gas fields on the continental shelf and islands;
extraction and processing of oil, gas and condensate, their storage, transportation and sale;
design, construction and operation of oil and gas wells at sea and on land;
open pit mining and extraction of common minerals;
well logging;
testing, hydrodynamic studies of wells;
carrying out research and thematic work on the generalization of geological and geophysical information;
calculation of hydrocarbon reserves for discovered fields and prospective structures, assessment of forecast oil and gas resources;
transportation of goods and passengers by sea, rescue operations.

OAO NNK

Search, exploration and development of deposits
Well workover
Provision of supervising services
Well testing in an open hole
Design and construction work
Services in the field of energy inspection

"Total. Exploration. Development. Russia" (France)
Statoil Hydro (Norway)
OJSC Zarubezhneft (Russia)
OOO SK Rusvietpetro (Russia)
ZAO SN Invest (Russia)
Polar Lights Company LLC (Russia)
Bashneft-Polyus LLC (Russia)

INK LLC

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Wikipedia: Russian oil companies

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Russia, one of the world leaders in oil production, has serious capacities for the production of refined products of "black gold". The plants produce fuel, oil and petrochemical products, while the total annual production of gasoline, diesel fuel and heating oil reaches tens of millions of tons.

The scale of Russian oil refining

Currently, 32 large oil refineries and 80 more mini-enterprises are also operating in this industry in Russia. The total capacity of the country's refineries provides the possibility of processing 270 million tons of raw materials. We present to your attention the top 10 oil refineries in terms of installed production capacity. The enterprises included in the list belong to both state and private oil companies.

1. Gazpromneft-ONPZ (20.89 million tons)

The Gazpromneft-ONPZ enterprise is better known as the Omsk Oil Refinery. The plant is owned by Gazprom Neft (Gazprom's structure). The decision to build the enterprise was made in 1949, the plant was launched in 1955. The installed capacity reaches 20.89 million tons, the depth of processing (the ratio of the volume of raw materials to the number of products produced) is 91.5%. In 2016, the Omsk Refinery processed 20.5 million tons of oil. Pronedra wrote earlier that the actual processing at the refinery in 2016 decreased compared to the level of 2015.

Last year, 4.7 million tons of gasoline and 6.5 million tons of diesel fuel were produced. In addition to fuel, the plant produces bitumen, coke, acids, tar and other products. Over the past few years, due to the modernization of facilities, the enterprise has reduced the amount of emissions into the atmosphere by 36%, by 2020 it is planned to reduce the degree of harmful impact on environment another 28%. In total, over the past 20 years, the amount of emissions has decreased five times.

2. Kirishinefteorgsintez (20.1 million tons)

The Kirishi Oil Refinery (Kirishinefteorgsintez, an enterprise of Surgutneftegaz) with a capacity of 20.1 million tons is located in the city of Kirishi, Leningrad Region. Commissioning took place in 1966. In fact, on average, it processes more than 17 million tons of oil with a depth of 54.8%. In addition to fuels and lubricants, it produces ammonia, bitumen, solvents, gases, xylenes. According to the company, in recent years, according to the results of the analysis of 2.4 thousand samples, no excesses of the standards for emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air have been identified. No environmental violations were found within the control points of the sanitary protection zone of the complex.

3. Ryazan Oil Refining Company (18.8 million tons)

The largest refinery of Rosneft with a capacity of 18.8 million tons - the Ryazan Oil Refining Company (until 2002 - the Ryazan Oil Refinery) - produces gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, boiler fuel, bitumen for the construction and road industries. The company started operating in 1960. Last year, the plant processed 16.2 million tons of raw materials with a depth of 68.6%, while producing 15.66 million tons of products, including 3.42 million tons of gasoline, 3.75 million tons of diesel fuel and 4.92 million tons fuel oil. In 2014, an environmental research center began operating at the enterprise. There are also five environmental laboratories. Harmful emissions have been measured since 1961.

4. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (17 million tons)

One of the leaders in domestic oil refining, the Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez enterprise (owner - Lukoil), is located in the city of Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region. The enterprise, whose capacity currently reaches 17 million tons, was opened in 1958 and received the name Novogorkovsky Oil Refinery.

The refinery produces about 70 types of products, including gasoline and diesel fuel, aviation fuel, paraffins and oil bitumen. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez is the only company in Russia that produces hard-type edible paraffins. The processing depth reaches 75%. The plant has an ecological laboratory, which includes two mobile complexes. As part of the "Clean Air" program, the plant's tanks are equipped with pontoons to reduce the amount of hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere by dozens of times. Over the past ten years, the average indicators of environmental pollution have decreased by a factor of three.

5. Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka (15.7 million tons)

The Volgograd (Stalingrad) refinery, launched in 1957, became part of the Lukoil company in 1991 and received a new name - Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka. The plant's capacity is 15.7 million tons, the actual capacity is 12.6 million tons with a processing depth of 93%. Now the company produces about seven dozen types of refined products, including motor gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied gases, bitumen, oils, cokes and gas oils. According to Lukoil, thanks to the implementation of the environmental safety program, gross emissions were reduced by 44%.

6. Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (15 million tons)

The Novo-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery (currently Slavneft-YANOS, jointly owned by Gazprom and Slavneft) began operating in 1961. The current installed capacity of the plant is 15 million tons of raw materials, the processing depth is 66%. The enterprise is engaged in the production of motor gasolines, diesel fuel, fuel used in jet engines, a wide range of oils, bitumen, waxes, paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, fuel oil and liquefied gases. Over the past 11 years, Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez has significantly improved the quality of its industrial effluents. The amount of waste accumulated before has decreased by 3.5 times, and the volume of polluting emissions into the atmosphere - by 1.4 times.

7. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (13.1 million tons)

In 1958, the Perm Oil Refinery was put into operation. Later, it received such names as the Perm Oil Refinery, Permnefteorgsintez, and as a result, after becoming the property of Lukoil, it was renamed Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez. The capacity of the enterprise with a depth of processing of raw materials of 88% reaches 13.1 million tons. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez produces a wide range of products, including dozens of items - gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel for jet power plants, gas oils, toluene, benzene, liquefied hydrocarbon gases, sulfur, acids and petroleum cokes.

According to the assurances of the plant's management, the enterprise is actively implementing measures that make it possible to exclude emissions of polluting components into the environment in excess of the regulatory limits. All types of oily waste are disposed of using special modern equipment. Last year, the plant won the competition "Leader of Environmental Protection in Russia".

8. Gazprom Neft - Moscow Refinery (12.15 million tons)

The Moscow Oil Refinery (owned by Gazprom Neft), which currently meets 34% of the needs of the Russian capital in oil products, was built in 1938. The plant's capacity reaches 12.15 million tons with a processing depth of 75%. The plant is mainly engaged in the fuel segment - it produces motor fuel, but additionally produces bitumen. Liquefied gases for domestic and communal needs, fuel oil are also produced. According to Gazpromneft-Moscow Refinery, the company's environmental management system complies with international standards.

However, since 2014, the plant has repeatedly been in the spotlight due to hydrogen sulfide emissions into the atmospheric air of Moscow. Although, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the mentioned oil refinery really turned out to be the source of pollution, the relevant official charges were not brought, and another three dozen were under suspicion. industrial facilities located in the city. In 2017, representatives of the Moscow Refinery reported that there were no excesses in pollutant emissions on the territory of the enterprise. Recall that the Moscow mayor's office announced the launch of a monitoring system for plant emissions.

9. RN-Tuapse Refinery (12 million tons)

The RN-Tuapse Refinery is the oldest oil refinery in Russia. It was built in 1929. The uniqueness of the enterprise also lies in the fact that it is the only refinery in the country located on Black Sea coast. The owner of the RN-Tuapse Refinery is Rosneft Corporation. The plant's capacity is 12 million tons (in fact, 8.6 million tons of raw materials are processed per year), the processing depth is up to 54%. The main range of manufactured products is gasoline, including technological, diesel fuel, kerosene for lighting purposes, fuel oil and liquefied gas. According to the administration of the plant, the refinery managed to halve the amount of polluting emissions into the atmosphere in a short time. Also, the quality of effluents has been brought to the level of fishery reservoirs of the first category.

10. Angarsk Petrochemical Company (10.2 million tons)

In Angarsk, Irkutsk Region, the production facilities of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company, which specializes in oil refining, are located. The complex includes an oil refinery, chemical units, as well as a plant for the production of oils. Installed capacity - 10.2 million tons, processing depth - 73.8%. The complex was launched in 1945 as an enterprise for the production of liquid coal fuel, and in 1953 the first petrochemical facilities were put into operation. Now the company produces gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene for aircraft, alcohols, fuel oil, sulfuric acid, oils. As part of the implementation of environmental safety measures, closed flares were installed to neutralize waste gases, and a recycling water supply system is being built.

Leaders in oil refining: top regions and companies

If we talk about the Russian oil refining industry as a whole, then it is characterized by a large (up to 90%) degree of consolidation. The plants mainly operate as part of vertically integrated companies.

Most of the existing oil refineries in Russia were built back in the Soviet period. The distribution of oil refineries by region was carried out according to two principles - proximity to deposits of raw materials and in accordance with the need to supply fuels and lubricants and petrochemical products to specific regions of the RSFSR, or to neighboring republics of the USSR. These factors predetermined the picture of the location of oil refining capacities on the territory of the modern Russian state.

The current stage of development of the domestic processing of "black gold" is characterized not only by an increase in capacity, but also by a total modernization of production. The latter enables Russian companies both to improve the quality of products to the level of the most stringent international standards, and to increase the depth of processing of raw materials, as well as to minimize the negative impact on the environment.

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The scale of Russian oil refining

1. Gazpromneft-ONPZ (20.89 million tons)

2. Kirishinefteorgsintez (20.1 million tons)

3. Ryazan Oil Refining Company (18.8 million tons)

4. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (17 million tons)

5. Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka (15.7 million tons)

6. Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (15 million tons)

7. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (13.1 million tons)

8. Gazprom Neft - Moscow Refinery (12.15 million tons)

9. RN-Tuapse Refinery (12 million tons)

10. Angarsk Petrochemical Company (10.2 million tons)

Leaders in oil refining: top regions and companies

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