At what age can you register as an individual entrepreneur. How old do you have to be to start a business? At what age can you legally open a sole proprietorship?

At present, young people are so active that they tend to engage in entrepreneurial activity already with early years. And it is quite natural that the question of at what age you can register as an individual entrepreneur is in the air. Today's topic will be devoted to the review of regulatory - legal documents taken by this issue, as well as how the registration of IP at a minor age is carried out, what limitations and exceptions exist.

Legislation

Before trying to answer the question of how old you can open an IP, you should study the legal documents governing this issue.

If we turn to the law of the Russian Federation "On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs" No. 129 - FZ, adopted by the State Duma on July 13, 2001, then a direct answer to question asked cannot be obtained.

As for the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 1 of Article 23 of Part One of this document states that a citizen can legally engage in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity from the moment he is registered as an individual entrepreneur in the tax office.

If you look at the question posed from the point of view of the list of required documents for state registration of IP, then here it should be highlighted:

• application in the prescribed form;
• a notarized copy of the passport of a citizen who has decided to become an individual entrepreneur;
• a receipt confirming the fact of payment of the state duty for registration with the tax authority.

If we study the full package of legal documents, we can conclude that any citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 14 can become an individual entrepreneur, when individuals receive a passport, at the same time acquiring a “capable” status.

Registration of an individual entrepreneur before the age of majority

Citizens of the Russian Federation who receive a passport at the age of 14 and have the right to open an individual entrepreneur are minors and have only partial legal capacity.

Nevertheless, according to paragraph 2 of Article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, minors aged 14 to 18 years have the right to the following transactions without the consent of the guardians or parents:

• dispose of salary, scholarships and other income;
• open deposits in credit institutions and manage funds for them;
• carry out small household transactions;
• already at the age of 16, persons who have not reached the age of majority have the right to become members of cooperatives.

In order to register as an individual entrepreneur at the age of 14, a teenager, in addition to the standard package of documents, will be required to submit the following certificates to the tax service proving his legal capacity:

• a court decision or a decision of guardianship on full legal capacity in relation to work under the contract, as well as a copy of this document;
• marriage registration certificate with its copy;
• permission from guardians or parents.

If parents or guardians refuse to recognize the child as fully capable, then he can prove this by submitting an appropriate application to the court.

Restrictions

On the territory of the Russian Federation, an IP can be registered as Russian citizens and foreigners, as well as stateless persons.

Despite this, there are some legal restrictions when it becomes impossible to register a business:

• this should include the situation when the future businessman is a military man, civil servant or employee of the municipal service;
• if it is proved that the future entrepreneur is incompetent;
• if a person is registered in a narcological dispensary;
• when foreigners and stateless persons are not registered on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Exceptions

It has already been discussed above that it is possible to open an individual entrepreneur on a general basis on the territory of the Russian state, as a rule, starting from the age of 18.

However, there are exceptions. As you know, marriage is legally allowed from the age of 18. However, in some cases, marriage is allowed from the age of 16. And after the registration procedure in the registry office, an individual becomes absolutely capable from a legal point of view and receives the right to open an individual entrepreneur on a general basis. The only thing that a 16-year-old teenager must provide to the tax authorities when registering an individual entrepreneur is the written consent of the guardians or parents, certified by a notary.

Conclusion

Thus, it is possible to engage in individual entrepreneurship, while revealing its full potential, already from a very young age. In this situation, it is only important to follow the letter of the law.

And certainly heard stories about young geniuses-billionaires. The problem is that usually all these stories are about people from other countries. And how are things in Russia?

Specialists from St. Petersburg University and the Levada Center interviewed 2,020 people aged 18 to 64 to find out.

Why most people open a business at 25-34 years old

In Russia, they usually start their own business by the age of 30. Or, at least, people of this age are more likely than others to save money to start their own business in the next year or two.

Confidence in the strength and knowledge to start a business varies greatly with age.

It's logical. On the one hand, in their youth, someone studies, someone solves problems with the army, and someone simply does not think about the future yet. Well, the majority simply do not have enough experience and knowledge to turn a part-time job or hobby into a stable business.

On the other hand, when half your life is behind, because of the heap of family and other problems, it is more and more difficult to start.

Exactly for this reason, between 25 and 35 years, when a person already has both experience and desire has not cooled down, self-confidence in business grows. We are pleased that such people choose sites on uKit for their growing businesses. This is what our statistics say:

Another peak - around 40 - is those who have already established themselves as an entrepreneur outside the Internet, and now launch a website.

But the thing is that every year thousands of people of completely different ages become “forced entrepreneurs”.

Who are forced entrepreneurs

For example, you lost your job and have to work for yourself because there is simply no better way to make money in your city. Or you literally inherited the business - and you don’t want to leave the family business, although your soul lies with another.

You are a forced entrepreneur. These people did not think about their business until life forced them. And such people in Russia are almost a third of all entrepreneurs!

In fact, there is no “best age”

This is Dmitry Zimin. It is largely thanks to him that we use cellular communications.

In his 30s, 40s and even 50s, it was forbidden to do business in our country, so Zimin worked almost all his life as a radio engineer.

At the age of 59, when there was almost no work due to the collapse of the USSR, he became a forced entrepreneur. And he opened a small business - equipment for cellular and satellite communications. Ten years later, his Vimpelcom company had a million subscribers. A couple more years later, by the mid-2000s, almost everyone had a cell phone.

For minors under the age of 14, almost all transactions are made on their behalf by parents, adoptive parents and guardians (art.

28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). They also bear property liability for the transactions of a minor citizen and for the harm caused by the child. A child can only manage pocket money, make small household transactions and gratuitous transactions aimed at obtaining benefits. Thus, a citizen can engage in entrepreneurial activity from the age of 18, from the moment of acquiring full legal capacity.

In some cases, it is necessary to confirm one's legal capacity or provide a court decision on emancipation.

At the same time, it is very important to be registered in the territory Russian Federation and live at the specified address.

Otherwise, a foreign citizen will be denied in obtaining documentation for an individual enterprise.

The use of personal money and scholarships is at your discretion.

At what age can citizens of the Russian Federation open an IP?

It is these opportunities that are called entrepreneurial activity.

It is generally believed that a citizen can open an IP with full legal capacity. This concept defines the presence of full responsibility for the actions taken. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation clearly regulates that full legal capacity comes with reaching the age of majority.

The judiciary may reduce the possibilities of such individuals, but for very good reasons.

At what age can you open a sole proprietorship

This is evidenced by Art. 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: a minor whose age has reached the age of 16 can be recognized as absolutely capable if he conducts labor activities, or if his parents / guardians agree to open an IP for him.

The guardianship authorities or the court can carry out the emancipation procedure (declaring a minor fully capable).

In the first case, the consent of both parents/guardians will be required.

At what age can you get the status of an individual entrepreneur?

A child can only manage pocket money, make small household transactions and gratuitous transactions aimed at obtaining benefits.

Thus, a citizen can engage in entrepreneurial activity from the age of 18, from the moment of acquiring full legal capacity. However, there is an exception here. A minor (under the age of 18) acquires full legal capacity from the moment of marriage.

But there are exceptions to this rule as well. For example, the family code also provides that you can get married after a citizen turns 18 years old.

But in some cases, when he provides good and convincing reasons, he can marry from the age of 16. Moreover, after registration of marriage, such a citizen is recognized as fully capable.

And this, as we already know, means that now he can open an IP on his own. And that's not all the concessions for minors.

At what age can citizens open an IP?

If the documents are submitted through a representative, then he needs to notarize a power of attorney and certify all copies and signatures.

You also need to certify all documents if they are sent by mail. To open an individual entrepreneur, a citizen must have a permanent place of residence, and the enterprise will be registered at this address.

After 5 working days, you need to visit the IFTS and receive documents for an individual entrepreneur, then you can do your own business.

It follows from this that a minor who has reached the age of 14 can become an individual entrepreneur. However, there will be many problems, a minor individual entrepreneur will have to make each transaction with the written consent or with the subsequent approval of a legal representative.

It is unlikely that counterparties will like it, and it may scare it away.

2. In the case when the law allows marriage before reaching the age of eighteen, a citizen who has not reached the age of eighteen acquires legal capacity in full from the time of entering into marriage.

At what age is it possible to register an IP

However, an incomplete study of the information may lead to the appearance of an erroneous opinion that in order to open an individual entrepreneur, the age of the future entrepreneur must be at least 18 years old. And only the acquisition by a citizen of the status of "adult" gives the applicant full civil rights. In particular, this is stated in Article 21, par.

2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on legal capacity. The difference between the registration of an individual entrepreneur by the forces of a partially capable citizen is the need to attach permission to register an individual entrepreneur to the main documents authorized bodies or responsible person.

Hello!

How old can you open an IP: main restrictions

By general rule, the opening of an individual entrepreneur is possible only if there is full legal capacity that occurs when a citizen reaches the age of 18 years.

A citizen who has reached the age of 16 may be recognized as fully capable by decision of the guardianship and guardianship authorities (with the consent of both parents) or the court (if there is no parental consent), as well as in the event of marriage.

A minor under the age of 16 has the right to make transactions and engage in entrepreneurial activities only with the written consent of both parents, certified by a notary.

Considering the foregoing, registration of a citizen as an individual entrepreneur in Russia is possible from the age of 14, provided that both parents (guardian or trustee) have given their written consent.

At the same time, it should be noted that at the moment the issue of the possibility of opening an individual entrepreneur from the age of 14 is controversial and in a number of inspections the registration of citizens under the age of 16 years old may be refused, even if there is parental consent to open an individual entrepreneur.

This is due to the fact that Article 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation recognizes the possibility of emancipation (declaring fully capable) of a citizen only from the age of 16 years.

For citizens aged 16 to 18 years, registration as an individual entrepreneur is possible upon submission to the tax authority of the notarized consent of the parents (adoptive parents or guardian) to carry out entrepreneurial activities or a copy of the marriage certificate, or a copy of the decision of the guardianship and guardianship authority or a copy of the court decision on declaring an individual registered as an individual entrepreneur as fully capable.

Answers to frequently asked questions about registering an LLC

How to register an LLC yourself?

Your attention - Step-by-step instruction according to the procedure for registering an LLC

What are the costs of registering an LLC?

• State duty - 4,000 rubles.
• Payment for notarization of the form - 1,000 rubles.
• Payment by a notarized power of attorney, if you submit through a representative - 700 rubles.
• Legal address - from 2,000 rubles.
• Printing - 700 rubles.
• Opening a current account - from 1,000 rubles.

What documents are required to register an LLC?

Passport and TIN of the CEO and all founders.

What information is required to register an LLC?

1. Full and abbreviated name of the LLC in Russian, in a foreign language if required.
2. Types of activity (we select codes, a description is required from you).
3. The number of founders, the distribution of their shares in the authorized capital.

   From what age can you open an IP for a citizen of Russia and a foreigner

   Copies of Passport and TIN.

4. Passport and TIN of the General Director.
5. Contribution to the authorized capital, for example: laptop - brand, serial number.
6. Legal address.

What will be issued in the tax office after the registration of an LLC?

• Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (Unified State Register of Legal Entities)
• Data entry sheet in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities
• TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number)
• OGRN (Main state registration number)
• Notification from statistical authorities (Petrostat)
• Notifications from off-budget funds (PFR, FSS)
• Constituent documents: Charter, orders, memorandum of association, decisions on creation.

Is it possible to indicate as a legal address the address of residence of the general director?

Yes, the address of the “location of the Company” is determined by the location of the permanent executive body(Head) and may coincide with the registration of the General Director.

Is it possible to expedite the registration of an LLC?

No, the period for reviewing documents by the tax inspectorate is the same for everyone - 6 days.

Who should go to a notary?

Since 2014, all founders have been going to the notary.

Do I need to register somewhere else after receiving documents from the tax office?

Registration is carried out on a one-stop basis. MIFTS itself must register you with the FIU, FSS and Petrostat. In practice, it happens that upon receipt of documents at the tax office, you may not be given notices from the funds, or they may be sent by mail, in which case you must register yourself.

Will the state fee be returned in case of refusal?

No, the state fee is not refundable in case of refusal of registration.

Can one person be both CEO and founder?

Yes, one person can be CEO and founder.

Can one person act as a founder in several LLCs?

Yes, one person can act as a founder in several LLCs.

How old do you have to be to become a CEO or founder?

Any citizen of our country who is fully capable, that is, who has reached the age of majority or an emancipated minor from the age of 16, can become a general director or founder.

Legal services / IP registration

Registration of an individual entrepreneur

If you decide to register as an individual entrepreneur, then from January 2006 you must personally submit and receive the documents required for registration with the tax office.
Also, a complete package of documents can be sent by mail, in which case a certificate of registration will be sent to your home address.

We will help you competently prepare a package of documents for registration of IP.
The cost of the document preparation service is 1500 rubles.
Additionally, you can order a print from us - 500 rubles.

At your request, we provide a full range of services for the registration of individual entrepreneurs.

Required documents:
Passport
TIN, if any
IP registration is carried out locally permanent residence.
The registration period is 7-10 business days.
The cost of a complex of services for registering an individual entrepreneur is 3,400 rubles.
The range of services includes:

• payment of state duty for state registration
• preparation of a set of documents for state registration
• production of one regular print
• getting statistics codes
• opening an account with a specific bank

The package of services does not include payment of notary fees! Registration in the funds is carried out by the tax office!

More:
1. Entrepreneurs activities
2. Differences between an entrepreneur and a legal entity
3. In what order are creditors' claims satisfied?
4. At what age can you get the status of an individual entrepreneur

1. Activities of entrepreneurs.
Independent activity of persons aimed at making a profit is called entrepreneurial. We list the main features of entrepreneurial activity, provided for in Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
1.

Entrepreneurial activity is carried out at your own peril and risk.
2. Persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities must be registered.
3. Profit in the course of entrepreneurial activity can be obtained from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services.

Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to engage in any entrepreneurial activity (Article 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The exception is legally prohibited activities - the manufacture and sale of weapons, drugs, etc. (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 22, 1992 No. 179). At the same time, they do not have to create an organization, that is, a legal entity. They can become individual entrepreneurs.

Individual entrepreneurs (hereinafter - IP) are individuals registered in the prescribed manner and carrying out entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity (hereinafter - PBOYuL), as well as private notaries, lawyers who have established law offices (clause 2, article 11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)).
A citizen acquires the status of an individual entrepreneur from the moment of state registration.
A citizen-entrepreneur carries out entrepreneurial activity on his own behalf and at his own risk. On his own behalf, he concludes business contracts, makes transactions with legal entities and individuals, as a result of which he intends to make a profit. In addition, he can act in the judiciary and is an independent tax payer. Therefore, an entrepreneur must register with the tax authority as a taxpayer and pay all taxes and fees prescribed by law.
Despite the fact that an individual entrepreneur is an individual, he is considered as an equal participant in entrepreneurial activity.

Its activities are regulated by the same provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation that apply to legal entities. In other words, the activity of an individual entrepreneur is equated to the activity of legal entities that are commercial organizations. In economic relations, entrepreneurs act on the same grounds and with the same rights as legal entities.
If a citizen is engaged in entrepreneurial activity, but has not passed state registration as an individual entrepreneur, the rules established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation will still apply to him. Consequently, all taxes that the entrepreneur must pay will be collected from him.
Starting an entrepreneurial activity as an individual entrepreneur, you can become a millionaire or lose all your property. In the event of an unsuccessful business, you will have to pay off everything that you own for debts, because the individual entrepreneur is liable for his obligations with all his property (Article 24 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The only exception is the property on which, according to the law, execution cannot be levied. This is the main difference between an individual entrepreneur and a legal entity.

2. Differences between an entrepreneur and a legal entity.
When registering a legal entity, the founders make contributions to the property of the organization on their behalf. It can be money, inventory or non-current assets. From that moment on, the property of a legal entity is accounted for separately from the property of the founders.
Let's assume that the organization has incurred losses. Creditors demand repayment of debts. Entity can settle with creditors only within the limits of his property: to give away fixed assets, securities, products, finished products etc. At the same time, the founder can sleep peacefully: it is impossible to take the personal property of the founders for debts, since the organization is liable for debts only with its separate property (Article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
If the individual entrepreneur is at a loss and cannot repay his debts to his creditors, then by a court decision he may be declared bankrupt. From the moment such a decision is made, the entrepreneur loses his status. To satisfy the requirements of creditors, an individual entrepreneur will have to pay for debts not only the property that he used in business. Collection for debts can be imposed on the cottage, and on the apartment, and on the car, and on the garage of a citizen. Individual entrepreneurs have to answer for their debts with all their property.

3. In what order are creditors' claims satisfied?
First of all, the claims of citizens to whom the entrepreneur is liable for causing harm to life or health, as well as claims for the recovery of alimony, are satisfied. Then the entrepreneur will have to settle accounts with employees by paying them wages and severance pay. Then creditors will receive their share, whose claims are secured by a pledge of property belonging to the individual entrepreneur. In the fourth stage, the debt on obligatory payments to the budget and off-budget funds will be repaid.

From what age can I register an IP

And lastly, the claims of all other creditors are satisfied.
Legal entities must have an independent balance sheet or estimate and be sure to keep accounting records. Unlike them, sole proprietorships only keep records of income and expenses to calculate taxes that should be paid to the budget.

4. At what age can one get the status of an individual entrepreneur?
A citizen from the moment of birth until his death has legal capacity, that is, the ability to have civil rights and bear obligations. The content of legal capacity also includes the right to engage in entrepreneurial activity (Article 18 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Can a person from birth engage in entrepreneurial activity? Of course not. From birth to 18 years of age, that is, until his majority, a citizen is incapacitated, that is, he cannot acquire and exercise his civil rights, create civil duties for himself and fulfill them.

In addition, a minor who has reached the age of 16 may be declared fully capable if he:

A 16-year-old teenager is declared fully capable (emancipation) is made:

From the age of 14 to 18, the child has the right to independently:

From the age of 14 to 18, the child has the right to independently:
make small household transactions that do not require notarization and state registration;
dispose of their earnings, scholarships and other income;
exercise the rights of the author of a work of science, literature or art, invention, etc.;
make deposits in credit institutions and dispose of them.

He can make all other transactions with the written consent of the parents, adoptive parents or trustees. From the age of 14, the child already independently carries liability for the transactions he makes.

For minors under the age of 14, almost all transactions are made on their behalf by parents, adoptive parents and guardians (Article 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). They also bear property liability for the transactions of a minor citizen and for the harm caused by the child. A child can only manage pocket money, make small household transactions and gratuitous transactions aimed at obtaining benefits.
Thus, a citizen can engage in entrepreneurial activity from the age of 18, from the moment of acquiring full legal capacity. However, there is an exception here. A minor (under the age of 18) acquires full legal capacity from the moment of marriage. Article 13 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation sets the age of marriage at 18, but if there are valid reasons, persons over 16 are allowed to marry. Consequently, a 16-year-old teenager who has entered into marriage becomes fully capable.

In addition, a minor who has reached the age of 16 may be declared fully capable if he:
works under an employment contract, including a contract;
is engaged in entrepreneurial activities.

A 16-year-old teenager is declared fully capable (emancipation) is made:
by decision of the guardianship and guardianship authorities with the consent of both parents (adoptive parents, guardian);
by a court decision, if the parents do not give their consent to the recognition of the teenager as fully capable.

The question of how old you can open an individual entrepreneur is of concern to many young people today. It is not easy to find an answer to it on your own: the legislation contains conflicting information on this matter. On the one hand, an individual entrepreneur has the right to become a person who has reached the age of majority. Meanwhile, from the age of 16 Russian citizens can be recognized as fully capable. What are the cases, as well as the circumstances, when you can start your business activity even before reaching the age of majority?

By law, only a citizen who is considered capable can start his own business. In addition, it is important that there are no injunctions or other restrictions on IP registration.

The Civil Code establishes that full responsibility begins from the moment of coming of age - from the age of eighteen. But for creating a business, there are exceptions that allow you to register an individual entrepreneur from an earlier age.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation explains how old you can become an entrepreneur.

There are cases in which it is allowed to open an IP for a sixteen-year-old citizen:

• in the event that a minor citizen begins to work;
• if there is consent of legal representatives - guardians or parents.

In order to be able to open a business before the age of majority, you will have to go through the emancipation procedure. This concept means the recognition of a minor citizen as fully capable.

Emancipation can be carried out by guardianship authorities, as well as by the court. A minor can be recognized as capable through the guardianship authorities only if all legal representatives agree to recognize the child as capable. If at least the permission of the parents or at least one of them is not received, you will have to apply to the judicial authorities.

Another case of emancipation is marriage. Today, in 18 Russian regions, this can be done from the age of 14. It turns out that you can register an IP there from this age.

The court does not always accept positive decision about emancipation. However, in case of refusal, a citizen can apply to the court again.

It is important to remember that any capable person is responsible for his actions. It turns out that after the emancipation procedure, the teenager will be independently responsible for his business. You can't hide behind your parents anymore.

How to register an individual entrepreneur before the age of majority



So, in order to open an IP, it is not necessary to wait until the age of majority. However, the procedure for registration up to eighteen years of age differs from the standard.

The main difference lies in the composition of the package of documents. If the registering individual entrepreneur has not reached the age of majority, in addition to the traditional ones, the following papers will have to be submitted:

• written consent of parents and other legal representatives, allowing the child to register an individual entrepreneur;
• if the emancipation was carried out with the participation of the guardianship and guarantee authority, an appropriate decision will be required;
• a court order to recognize a citizen as capable;
• in case of emancipation as a result of marriage - the relevant certificate.

To open an IP under the age of 18, you will have to submit documents confirming this right. Only if they are available, the tax service can make an appropriate entry in the USRIP.

In addition to the above, standard documents will also be required: a passport and a TIN certificate. You will also need to apply for registration. When filling it out, it is important to be as careful as possible. The presence of errors and inaccuracies will lead to a refusal to open an IP.




Documents can be submitted in person, through mail and a representative. The last two cases require a mandatory statement by a notary of the copies made. After five working days, the IP registration must be completed. After that, you can get a certificate from the tax office. If this is not done, the document will be sent to the address of residence.

Business Restrictions

Teenagers, subject to certain conditions, can become individual entrepreneurs.

However, it is important to know that there are restrictions on registering an individual entrepreneur, in the presence of which it is impossible to start your own business, regardless of age:




Citizens with mental disorders, persons under 18 years of age, whose emancipation is opposed by legal representatives, can be recognized as incompetent. Also, the status under consideration can be assigned in case of abuse of alcohol and drugs.

It is important to strictly observe the restrictions when registering an IP. Any attempt to circumvent them is a violation of the law and leads to serious consequences.

At what age can a foreigner open a sole proprietorship

The question of how old you can start your own business is considered in sufficient detail. However, it is still worth clarifying at what age it is possible to open an individual entrepreneur to a foreign citizen, as well as to stateless persons.

On the territory of Russia, these citizens often begin to run their own business. By law, they have the same business rights as Russians. Accordingly, the age limits are the same.

To organize a business, you will need to contact the nearest tax office to the place of residence. In this case, you will have to provide a complete package required documents. You will also need to meet several conditions:

• registration on the territory of the Russian Federation, documented;
• availability of a package of necessary documents;
• full legal capacity of a citizen.

Naturally, until a foreign citizen reaches the age of majority, he will have to act in accordance with the laws of our country. In other words, in this case, you will have to submit a decision on the emancipation procedure.

Any Russian, as well as a citizen of a country outside the Russian Federation, has the right to go through the business registration procedure before reaching the age of majority. Theoretically, everything seems simple. However, in practice the courts are in no hurry to give appropriate permissions. Therefore, young people often have to ask their parents to open an IP or earn money in areas that do not require registration. Just do not try to circumvent the law and act without opening a business, for this comes responsibility. IP is not difficult to open and maintain, especially if you study the conditions of this procedure.

tvoeip.ru

Legal capacity of a citizen

The right to entrepreneurial activity is among the fundamental rights of citizens and is enshrined in Art. 34 of the Constitution.

According to Art. 17 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation legal capacity - the ability of an individual to have civil rights and perform duties; it exists in all citizens equally, arises from his birth and ceases only with death.

Art. 18 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation reveals the essence of the legal capacity of citizens. They have the right:

• own property;
• inherit it and bequeath it;
• engage in entrepreneurship and other activities not prohibited by law;
• create legal entities;
• conclude transactions, except for those contrary to the law;
• have copyright, other property and personal non-property rights.

But a citizen can fully realize his legal capacity only with the onset of legal capacity, which is closely related to his coming of age.

This is the ability of individuals to exercise their civil rights by their own actions, create civil obligations for themselves, and also fulfill them.

In full, it arises with the age of majority, and in the case of marriage before him or emancipation - from the time of this event in accordance with Art. 21 and 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The Family Code of the Russian Federation sets the age for marriage at 18 (Article 13 of the RF IC). But for good reasons, it may be allowed to marry from the age of 16. That is, a 16-year-old teenager who has entered into marriage acquires full legal capacity from that moment.

From the age of 14 to 18, the legal capacity of a teenager is limited by law (they can independently make only some transactions listed in paragraph 2 of article 26 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and all others - only with the written consent of their legal representatives).

Juvenile citizens (under 14 years old) are considered incompetent, and the law gives them the right from the age of 6 to independently make only some transactions (usually minor ones) listed in paragraph 2 of Art. 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Emancipation (Article 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation): a minor (over 16 years of age) may be declared fully capable (emancipated) by a guardianship and guardianship authority or a court if:

• he works under an employment contract;
• or carries out entrepreneurial activities (with the consent of their legal representatives).

That is, the law provides for the opportunity to carry out entrepreneurial activities for a minor even before he acquires full legal capacity through emancipation.

glavkniga.ru

Legal capacity of a citizen

The main condition that must be met so that you are not denied registration of an individual entrepreneur is that the future entrepreneur must be capable. The law determines that legal capacity comes with reaching the age of majority, that is, from the moment a citizen turns 18 years old. At this age, he is considered fully capable.

However, along with this there is the concept of incomplete capacity. It begins at the age of 14, when a citizen already has a small range of rights that he can use on his own. Until this age, any transactions and important decisions for the child are made by parents, guardians, adoptive parents and other persons who, by law, represent his interests. They bear full responsibility for these actions.

Exceptions to the rules

Accordingly, a citizen can open an IP only after he turns 18, that is, when he becomes fully capable. But there are exceptions to this rule as well. For example, the family code also provides that you can get married after a citizen turns 18 years old. But in some cases, when he provides good and convincing reasons, he can marry from the age of 16. Moreover, after registration of marriage, such a citizen is recognized as fully capable. And this, as we already know, means that now he can open an IP on his own.

And that's not all the concessions for minors. So, from the age of 16, every teenager can work under a contract, an employment contract, and even register an individual entrepreneur with the consent of their parents. Naturally, such consent must be fixed on paper and certified by a notary. However, we must remember that the law has established some restrictions for minors. There is a whole list of activities that are contraindicated for this category of citizens. As a rule, these are those that can adversely affect their health and development.

Activities of a minor

It should be noted that despite the fact that IP can be issued from the age of 14, there will be no concessions for a minor in doing business.

However, it is worth remembering that a citizen of 14-18 years of age can:

• make and manage deposits in credit institutions;
• enjoy the rights of the author of an invention, work of literature, science, etc.;
• independently manage their earnings and income;
• carry out small transactions that do not require state registration, notarization.

This is the list of activities that a minor can engage in, in principle, without registering an individual entrepreneur. But he can carry out other activities, including registering his entrepreneurial activities, as already mentioned, only with the consent of his parents, which is formalized in writing. At the same time, already from the age of 14, in this case, he bears full financial responsibility for all transactions that he makes.

Consequences of registering an individual entrepreneur as a minor

So, the law clearly defines at what age an individual entrepreneur can be issued - from the age of eighteen, when full legal capacity occurs. But at the same time, Art. 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allows a minor to officially register his entrepreneurial activity from the age of 16, if there is the consent of his parents or persons who replace them.

The same article indicates that in such a case, a minor citizen is recognized as fully capable. In legal language, the so-called emancipation is coming. However, it is necessary to obtain permission from the guardianship and guardianship authority or the court. Without this permission, legal capacity is recognized as limited and all contracts, transactions related to commercial activities, such a citizen can only be made with the consent of the parents. They bear full responsibility for him until he becomes fully capable.

Briefly about the main

So, summing up the above, I would like to break down the main points of the question, from how many years a citizen can officially formalize his entrepreneurial activity.

1. A citizen is allowed to conduct entrepreneurial activities when he is recognized as fully capable.
2. A citizen becomes capable at the age of eighteen, and also at sixteen after he formalizes the marriage, or by decision of the court, the body of guardianship and guardianship (emancipation).
3. In other cases, a minor is allowed to engage in entrepreneurial activities only with the consent of the parents, in writing and notarized. At the same time, parents are fully responsible for his contracts and transactions, so they retain a certain power over him.
4. A non-emancipated entrepreneur must seek permission (preferably in writing) from his parents whenever he makes a business transaction.
5. The exception is when he manages his own income, the results of his intellectual activity.

newbusiness.su

Civil capacity

In accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a citizen of the country is capable after reaching the age of majority. After the age of 18, any citizen has the right to conduct entrepreneurial activities, including jointly with other adult citizens of the country.

To obtain an IP at the age of majority, it is necessary to personally submit certain documentation to the tax authorities. Here is a list of documents required to open a sole proprietorship:

1. Photocopies of all pages of the passport and its original.
2. Application form P21001.
3. Copy and original TIN.
4. Receipt of payment of state duty.
5. Application for inclusion in the simplified taxation system.

To obtain an IP, you must be registered and live at the address where the individual enterprise will be registered.

Features of registration for foreigners and stateless persons

A citizen of any state, according to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, who has reached the age of 18, has the right to open an individual enterprise in our country. To do this, he must have full capacity and provide all required documents to the nearest tax authority to your place of residence.

Foreigners can engage in entrepreneurial activities without restrictions, with the same rights as citizens of our country.

In some cases, it is necessary to confirm one's legal capacity or provide a court decision on emancipation. At the same time, it is very important to be registered on the territory of the Russian Federation and live at the specified address. Otherwise, a foreign citizen will be denied in obtaining documentation for an individual enterprise.

Emancipation and entrepreneurship

A minor citizen who has reached the age of 14 has partial legal capacity, due to which, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, he has the right to commit the next kind of deal:

1. The use of personal money and scholarships is at your discretion.
2. Registration of copyrights for all types of works of art, various inventions and discoveries.
3. Making various kinds of household transactions, without personal gain, with the written permission of the guardians or parents.
4. After reaching the age of 16, the right to join the cooperative.
5. Ownership of own deposit in any bank.

The emancipation of a 16-year-old teenager can occur not only after the consent of the parents, but also if he signs a contract or agreement with the company arranging him a job, as well as marriage.

If a teenager gets a job at an enterprise at the age of 16 under a contract, then from the date of signing the contract, he becomes fully capable and can open his own individual entrepreneur. If the teenager needed parental consent to open an individual enterprise, then he will also need to confirm all types of transactions with the permission of his parents or guardians.

Conducting business until adulthood

In order to obtain an individual entrepreneur under the age of 18, it is necessary, in addition to the above-mentioned documents, to submit to the tax authorities the following documentation:

• an official decision of the judicial authority on the legal capacity of a minor citizen of the Russian Federation;
• in case of emancipation after marriage, a marriage registration certificate and its photocopy will be required;
• written permission for the emancipation of parents or guardians.

If parents do not want to give permission to open their own IP, this issue can be resolved in court. It should be understood that after opening a sole proprietorship, you will be liable under Civil and tax codes Russian Federation.

Restrictions

Almost everyone over the age of 18 can open their own individual enterprise in Russia: citizens of our country, foreign citizens, stateless people. But the Civil Code of the Russian Federation mentions certain restrictions:

1. Employees of state and municipal institutions do not have the right to open their own IP.
2. Military personnel of all categories, ranks, ranks do not have the opportunity to open IP.
3. Individuals with limited legal capacity also cannot apply.
4. Citizens of the country who are registered in narcological dispensaries do not have the right to open their own IP.
5. Foreigners without registration on the territory of the Russian Federation will not be able to issue an IP.

Age value

The minimum age at which you can get the opportunity to open an IP is 14 years. In this case, it is necessary to issue a notary certification of the written consent of the parents, and also, together with the permission, submit all the necessary documentation to the tax authorities.

In this case, after 5 working days, you must again visit the tax office and receive the finished individual entrepreneur in your hands, or wait until the documents arrive at the mailbox at the registration address.

Upon reaching the age of 16, to open your own individual entrepreneur, instead of the permission of guardians or parents, you can use in the form of confirmation of the emancipation of a citizen of the Russian Federation marriage certificate or agreement on the beginning of official work in the company. May also be suitable for recognition of legal capacity judicial opinion.

What to open - LLC or IP

In order to decide what to open - LLC or IP - you need to study all nuances, disadvantages and advantages these forms of doing business. It should be understood that when you open an LLC, you risk more, tax fees also increase. But you will have a higher status in the economic environment, which will open up a number of opportunities.

The advantage of an individual enterprise is the possibility of opening it even in the presence of official work. In the case of an LLC, this is not possible. It is very important for a novice businessman to have a financial cushion with which to realize his ideas.

How old can you open an individual entrepreneur or LLC - in this video.

znaybiz.ru

How old should a future entrepreneur be?

The current legislation of the Russian Federation does not contain direct age restrictions for starting a business. But there is a key condition - a potential individual entrepreneur must be fully capable, and this is directly related to age. Full legal capacity, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, occurs when a citizen reaches 18 years of age, that is, the age of majority.

It would seem that the question has been settled.

But, fortunately for future young entrepreneurs, regarding own business The law provides for some exceptions. It is possible to open an individual entrepreneur without waiting for the age of majority if the teenager has a passport, and his parents or guardians do not object to his entrepreneurial activities. There are also options when he confirms the existence of legal grounds under which this consent is not needed.

A copy of the Russian internal passport is included in the set binding documents for submission to the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation (IFTS) for registration of IP.

A notarized translation of a passport document or a certificate of a stateless person will also be required from a foreigner or stateless person who has a temporary residence permit or a residence permit in Russia.

Other documents, in particular, a birth certificate, are not suitable, and a passport, which can be obtained even immediately after birth, will not work either.

And internal passports in Russia and many other countries are issued from the age of 14.

This age for a young Russian is also marked by the onset of limited legal capacity. And, in particular, it means:

1. Bearing full responsibility (up to criminal) for all their actions.
2. The right to independently dispose of earned money.
3. The ability to open bank accounts and debit cards in your name and use them.
4. Invest the money at your disposal at your own discretion.

From all this it follows that, upon reaching the age of 14, adolescents have the full responsibility and authority necessary for doing business.

Registration of IP before the age of majority

Upon reaching the age of 14 and receiving an internal passport, a teenager can become an individual entrepreneur. But there is one limitation - for this he must have the consent of his parents or other persons who replace them, drawn up in the form of a document.

This means that when applying for registration of an individual entrepreneur to the tax office, he must attach additional papers to it, which are not required from an adult applicant.

How to open a sole proprietorship at the age of 14

From adults who want to become entrepreneurs, the tax office will need the following set of documents:

1. A completed application for state registration of an individual entrepreneur on a standard form.
2. A copy of the internal passport (pages with personal data and registration of residence).
3. Receipt of payment of the state duty for registering an individual entrepreneur (in 2018 it is 800 rubles).

The teenager, in addition to all this, must provide one of the following papers:

• notarial consent to conduct business activities from his mother and father, guardians or guardianship and guardianship authority;
• a document that confirms that the consent of one of the parents is not required (death certificate, court decision on recognition as missing, incompetent or deprivation of parental rights);
• marriage certificate if the teenager has already started a family (in some regions where early marriages are approved by local traditions, this is allowed from the age of 14, but in most - only from 16);
• a court decision on the acquisition by a minor of full legal capacity as a result of emancipation.

Of particular difficulty is the case when the parents live separately and one of them is alive and well, capable, not deprived of parental rights, but there is no connection with him and it is not known where to look for him. Alternatively, you can contact the police with a statement about the establishment of his whereabouts. If the search does not yield any results, the police will provide a report within the time limits prescribed by law, which can be used as a document in the tax office.

On a par with adult future businessmen, teenagers, having collected the whole set necessary documents, can send them to the tax office in three ways:

1. Take it personally. You will need to first make copies of all papers, except for the application, and have the originals with you and present for verification.
2. Send by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt and description of attachments. All documents and the signature under the application must be certified by a notary.
3. Transfer via the Internet using the service on the website of the Federal Tax Service (FTS) of Russia. The application is filled out online, copies of documents are uploaded in the form digital photos or scans.

The finished EGRIP record sheet, confirming the state registration of an individual entrepreneur, is issued on the third business day. If desired, you can choose to send them to the address of the applicant by mail. In this case, you will not have to go to the IFTS, but delivery will take some time - usually from several days to two weeks.

In addition, from April 29, 2018, when directly contacting the tax authority, an answer on state registration can be obtained by e-mail and not on paper.

Is it possible to open a sole proprietorship at the age of 16

The age of sixteen no longer has such a fateful meaning for a teenager as it was in former times. In the Soviet Union, this age was considered a significant milestone for a number of reasons, in particular:

1. At this age, citizens of the USSR were issued passports (now at the age of 14).
2. Allowed to work on a shortened working day.
3. In exceptional cases marriage was allowed.
4. There was a right to buy tobacco products in stores (now from the age of 18).

Now all this, except for the opportunity to start a family (and in some regions, marriage, as already noted, is allowed from the age of 14), which allows you to register an individual entrepreneur without the consent of parents or guardians, has lost its relevance.

If the current legislation of the Russian Federation allows you to become an entrepreneur from the age of 14, then at 16 it is possible and even more so.

Restriction of the rights of a minor citizen to dispose of financial resources

When a teenager reaches the age of 14, as already noted, he automatically receives the right to dispose of his income, whether it be a salary, scholarship, pension or other social payments, etc. And the profit from his entrepreneurial activity is no exception.

It is permissible to limit this opportunity for him, as in relation to adults, only by a court decision. And he, in turn, is entitled to take it out only when there are grounds provided for by law.

Courts make such decisions if evidence is presented that a teenager from 14 to 18 years old is abusing alcohol and / or drugs. This may be the testimony of witnesses, certificates from a sobering-up station, a drug treatment center or other medical institutions, acts drawn up by police officers or representatives public organizations, acts of suspension from work due to intoxication, etc.

The procedure for the consideration of such cases by the courts is prescribed in Art. 284 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

It stipulates that the following must be present at the hearing:

• the minor himself, in respect of whom an application has been submitted to restrict the right to dispose of money;
• prosecutor;
• the applicant (these can be both the parents or guardians of the teenager, and third parties);
• representatives of guardianship and guardianship authorities.

And if the law allows holding a court session without a prosecutor, then one cannot do without a minor whose application is being considered by the court.

In the event that the presence in the courtroom may be dangerous for the teenager himself or other participants in the process, the option of an off-site meeting is provided in the place where he is kept, for example, a psychiatric hospital, an institution social services or a rehabilitation center.

Parents' fears that a teenager, having gone into business and started making a profit, will not be able to rationally manage the money that has fallen on him is quite understandable. But the best way to insure this subject will be to take care of the financial literacy of your own child in advance.

Financial literacy is useful in life, regardless of the presence of entrepreneurial abilities.

Here it is appropriate to recall the books of Robert Kiyosaki, in one of which he quotes his “rich dad” just on this topic. For reference to those who are unfamiliar with the works of Kiyosaki: this is how he calls his classmate's father, who became his financial guru.

In one of his conversations with young Robert, “rich dad” said that he didn’t care what path his own son chose in life. And if he does not want to continue his father's work in business, the tragedy will not happen. But the ability to handle money, which he instilled from an early age both in his own child and in Robert, should have come in handy, no matter who the son eventually decided to become - a janitor, a fireman, a salesman, a teacher, etc.

So, starting from the age of 14, a teenager has the right, subject to a number of conditions, to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the status of an individual entrepreneur implies not only rights, but also obligations. For example, pay taxes, submit reports on time, make contributions to off-budget funds, regardless of their financial results, comply with the laws and regulations governing a particular area of ​​activity. And for all this, the young businessman is responsible on a par with adult colleagues.

ipboss.guru

At what age can you open a sole proprietorship by law

In Russia, the opportunity to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur is determined not by age, but by the rights and legal capacity of a citizen. Legal capacity - the ability of a person to exercise his rights himself, to take on civil obligations and fulfill them. The legislation recognizes a citizen as fully capable at the age of 18 years and older (Article 21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). From that time on, a person can independently draw up an IP at the tax office.


The concept of legal capacity and related definitions governs Civil Code RF

For non-residents of the Russian Federation, the same rule applies - an individual entrepreneur can be registered upon reaching the age of 18 with a residence permit or a temporary residence permit in the country.

Even an adult entrepreneur cannot issue an IP if he is recognized as having limited capacity or incapacity, or in the event of a court ban on the selected type of activity.

How to open an IP before adulthood

Until the age of 14, a child cannot register an individual entrepreneur, because he does not have a full set of civil rights. Parental consent does not change the situation. Transactions on behalf of a minor are made by parents or trustees, they are also liable for financial transactions. If a teenager wants to officially engage in entrepreneurship, the business should be registered with one of the parents, relatives or adoptive parents.

Without registering an individual entrepreneur, a child can independently:

• make transactions of a domestic nature;
• to manage the received income;
• make financial deposits in banks;
• receive revenue from copyright.

Emancipation and its types

From the age of 16 until the age of majority, by law, a teenager can open an individual entrepreneur, having previously undergone emancipation. Emancipation is the recognition of a person aged 16 to 18 as absolutely capable (Article 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Literally, the term is translated as "deliverance, liberation."


If parents encourage the child's desire to do business, they can help him go through emancipation and register an individual entrepreneur

A teenager can become independent of the will of his parents by decision of the guardianship authorities. This requires the written consent of the mother and father or guardians. Emancipation occurs if the child:

• gets a job under an employment contract;
• formalizes marriage and creates a family;
• decides to go into business.

When parents or adoptive parents are against emancipation, the child may be recognized as legally capable by a court decision.

Getting married from the age of 16 good reason(Article 13 of the Family Code), the child automatically acquires legal capacity, even without the consent of relatives. From the moment the family is created, he receives all the rights and obligations of an adult citizen.

Emancipation procedure and required documents

In order for a minor to be recognized as capable, he must submit an application to the guardianship authorities and attach a set of documents to it.

Documents that may be needed for emancipation:

• an agreement with the employer (if the child is employed);
• written consent of the parents for the creation of an individual entrepreneur by a teenager;
• marriage certificate.

The application is considered for 1 month (FZ No. 59), and in Moscow - 2 weeks. The authorities of regional subjects can set their own deadlines for the procedure.

Having passed emancipation at the age of 16-17, the child receives a document confirming full legal capacity - a decision of the court or guardianship authority. With it, he can apply to the tax office and register an individual entrepreneur. After being recognized as capable, the child not only receives a full set of rights, but also assumes responsibility to partners, creditors, suppliers and everyone with whom he plans to cooperate in the business.

Entrepreneurship is a new area of ​​responsibility for a child, a step towards an independent life. If parents trust the teenager and support his undertakings, they may agree to emancipation. The second option is to take over the company and control the actions of the child at the first stages, giving him the opportunity to start a business without risk.

To qualify as a sole proprietorship, the following conditions must be met:

• The presence of the status of full legal capacity;
• reaching the age of majority;
• The absence of judicial bans on the activities of the future IP.

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a teenager receives the status of a capable person from the moment of his majority, that is, from the age of 18. There may be exceptions. We are talking about emancipation, which we will talk about later.

Documents for opening an IP

If you decide to open an IP after reaching the age of 18, then you do not need to confirm your legal capacity.

You just need to submit a package of documents to the tax service:

1. Original passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and a photocopy of the document;
2. Application filled out by;
3. Certificate - original and copy;
4. A receipt confirming that you have paid the state fee;
5. Application for the transition to by (if you are switching to the simplified tax system).

If you send documents by mail, then all copies must be certified by a notary. To open an IP, you must have a permanent place of residence. It is at this address that registration will be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by law.

After 3-5 working days, you can go to the tax office to receive papers for individual entrepreneurs. If for any reason you were unable to receive the documents in person, they will be sent to your address of permanent residence by the postal service.

At what age can a foreigner open a sole proprietorship

At what age can a non-resident of the Russian Federation register a business? For citizens of foreign countries, the same age limit for opening an individual entrepreneur applies, as for citizens of the Russian Federation. They become capable from the age of 18 and can draw up.

Emancipation and IP

According to the current legislation, a teenager at the age of 14 receives a passport. It is to persons from 14 to 17 years old that the term "incomplete legal capacity" is applied. They do not have full rights. And for citizens under the age of 14, the responsibility is fully borne by the persons responsible for them (parents, guardians, adoptive parents).

The issue of emancipation is considered by the legislation in Art. 27 GK. It states that at the age of 16-17, a citizen is no longer a minor. At this age, you may be considered capable. Let's consider in what cases.

types of emancipation.

You can obtain the status of full legal capacity based on the decision of the guardianship authority. If there is no written consent of the parents or guardians, then the issue is resolved in court.

The legislation distinguishes three types of emancipation:

1. A person who has not reached the age of majority officially works under an employment contract;
2. The teenager is engaged in entrepreneurial activity;
3. A marriage is concluded.

Thus, it is possible to officially register your business in Russia, that is, open an individual entrepreneur, even at the age of 16, subject to the onset, in legal terms, of emancipation.

However, this just sounds theoretical. In fact, the guardianship authorities are rather reluctant to respond to requests (even at the request of the parents of the future IP) and rarely issue appropriate orders.

As you already understood, it is impossible to open an IP at the age of 14 in our country. But many people want it.

Documents confirming legal capacity.

So, a teenager of 16-17 years old, in order to apply for an IP, in addition to the above documents, must provide papers that confirm his legal capacity:

• The decision of the guardian body or court in connection with employment under a contract or agreement;
• Marriage certificate;
• Permission from parents or guardians for a teenager to conduct entrepreneurial activities.

In addition to originals, copies of documents will be required.

Full legal capacity, if the parents did not give consent, can be proven by you in court. According to the law, the ability to exercise one's rights provides for the full responsibility of a young businessman both before the state and before creditors. He is responsible to these subjects economic activity their property, which can be recovered in court.

Benefits when opening a sole proprietorship

Future entrepreneurs are often concerned about the question of whether the state provides any benefits to citizens who open an IP? So, tax benefits in the Russian Federation in this case are not provided.

Only persons of the 1st group of disability and disabled children do not pay the state fee when registering their business. This advantage does not apply to other citizens.

However, start-up businessmen of all ages can still count on subsidies. You may be eligible for a duty exemption. To exercise this right and find out the conditions for subsidizing, contact the employment service.

Restrictions on registering an individual entrepreneur

As mentioned above, its citizens, foreigners and stateless persons can register an individual entrepreneur in the territory of our state.

However, the law highlights cases when opening a business is not possible:

• The presence of the status of a military man, civil servant or employee of the municipal service;
• Confirmed information about incapacity;
• Staying registered in a drug dispensary;
• Foreigners or stateless persons not registered on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Until what age can I open an IP

The legislation does not establish an upper age limit for registering an individual entrepreneur. .

Conclusion

Nowadays, determined and ambitious young people do not want to work for someone else. They prefer to realize their talents through opening their own business.

However, the job involves additional responsibility, hence the question of age restrictions arises. As you could see, registering an IP in Russia does not put individuals within a strict age limit, and is limited only by the presence of legal capacity.

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