Your professional diagnosis. What is career guidance Professional self-determination of students

WHY DO YOU NEED PROFESSIONAL DETERMINATION?
GRADUATE!

Very soon you will meet with a huge world of professions.

You have a very important, perhaps the most important choice in life.
There are very few things in the world that we cannot choose. These include our own body, the historical era in which we were born, our parents, the events of early childhood. Everything else in life in one way or another depends on our choice. And one of the most responsible choices that determine our fate is the choice of a profession. It makes sense to take this as seriously as possible.
Our attitude to our life as a whole largely depends on how successfully our professional activity develops. To have a favorite business that brings satisfaction and respect to others is a great success in life. Whether it is or not depends largely on the desire to make a solid and reasonable choice of profession.
Profile helps:

If you do not yet know who you want to become, career guidance will help you choose specialties that best suit your interests and professional expectations.
If you like any professional field (for example, economics), professional identification will help you choose a list of specialties that meet modern labor market requirements.
If you have already chosen a profession, vocational determination will help you correlate your choice with your abilities, preferences and professional expectations, as well as navigate your future educational and professional activities.
STEP 1- Professional education, includes work to promote information about the world of professions, personal and professionally important qualities of a person, essential for self-determination, about the system of educational institutions and ways to get a profession, about the needs of society in personnel.
Part of professional education is professional education, which includes the formation of inclinations and professional interests of schoolchildren. The inclination develops in the process of activity, and professional knowledge is successfully accumulated in the presence of professional interests. Therefore, it is important to try yourself in a variety of activities.
STEP 2- Professional diagnostics and counseling - the study of a person's personality (value orientations, interests, needs, inclinations, abilities, professional orientation, professional intentions, motives for choosing a profession, character traits, temperament, health status) and, on this basis, issuing professional recommendations.
Professional advice is most often individual.
Why is it important:

Satisfaction of such needs as the need for professional self-determination or self-affirmation occurs in the process of a person's practical activity, and only if the chosen profession, as they say, is to their liking;
- identifying inclinations that, in relation to knowledge, skills and abilities, act as some kind of opportunity, allows you to create conditions under which the likelihood of a person acquiring this knowledge, skills and skills will increase significantly.
- the identification of the psychophysiological characteristics of the personality is necessary to determine a person as a performer of certain types of labor activity, as a future organizer, commander of the production process in various areas of physical and mental labor.
STEP 3- Pre-profile training and specialized education make it possible to concentrate pedagogical activity on the student's personality during the period of transition from apprenticeship to adulthood.

What influences the choice of profession?

What factors determine a person's choice of a particular profession?

In practice, it turns out that inclinations are taken into account last, but the opinion of parents has a huge impact.

8 factors of choosing a profession /According to E.A. Klimov/:
1. Position of senior family members.

There are seniors who are directly responsible for how your life develops. This concern extends to the question of your future profession.

2. The position of comrades, girlfriends.

Friendships at your age are already very strong and can greatly influence the choice of profession. Only general advice can be given: the right decision will be the one that suits your interests and coincides with the interests of the society in which you live.

3. The position of teachers, school teachers.

Observing the behavior, educational and extracurricular activities of students, an experienced teacher knows a lot about you that is hidden from non-professional eyes and even from you.

4. Personal professional plans.

The plan in this case means your ideas about the stages of mastering the profession.

5. Ability.

The originality of one's abilities should be judged not only by academic success, but also by achievements in a wide variety of activities.

6. The level of claims for public recognition.

When planning your career path, it is very important to take care of the realism of your claims.

7. Awareness.

It is important to take care that the information you acquire about a particular profession does not turn out to be distorted, incomplete, one-sided.

8. Tendencies.

Inclinations are manifested in favorite activities, on which most of the free time is spent. These are interests backed by certain abilities.

Seven steps to an informed career decision:
1. Make a list of suitable professions.

Make a list of professions that you like, are interesting, in which you would like to work, which suit you.
2. Make a list of requirements for the chosen profession.
Make a list of your requirements:
chosen profession and future occupation;

chosen profession and life values;

chosen profession and life goals;

chosen profession and my today's hot problems;

chosen profession and real employment in the specialty;

desired level of professional training;

chosen profession and my inclinations and abilities;

desired content, nature and working conditions.
3. Determine the significance of each requirement.

Determine how important all of the listed requirements are. Maybe there are less important requirements, which, by and large, can be ignored.
4. Assess your suitability for each of the eligible jobs.

In addition to the requirements that you have for the profession, there are also requirements for the profession itself. Analyze whether your professional qualities are developed, whether your intellectual abilities, psychological characteristics, health status meet the requirements of the profession
5. Calculate and analyze the results.

Analyze which profession from the entire list is more suitable for you on all counts.
6. Check the results.

To make sure your thinking is correct, discuss your decision with friends, parents, teachers, a psychologist, a career counselor.
7. Determine the main practical steps to success.
So, you have made a decision, now it is important to determine: in which educational institution you can get a professional education, how to develop professionally important qualities in yourself, how you can get practical work experience in this specialty, how to increase your competitiveness in the labor market.

Mistakes when choosing a profession:
1. Attitude to the choice of profession as a permanent one. In any field of activity, there is a change in occupations, positions as a person's qualifications grow. At the same time, the one who has successfully completed the initial stages achieves the greatest success. Analyze the situation on the labor market. Please note that every year new professions appear. Be prepared for the fact that you will have to regularly improve your skills, master related specialties. Do not be afraid that the choice of a profession now, in the 11th grade, will fatally determine your entire fate. Changing the choice, mastering a new specialty will make you a valuable specialist in demand in interdisciplinary fields of activity. The first profession, even if you later change your mind and find something more attractive, will come in handy in unexpected situations. For example, the first education of an art critic will help a lawyer in his second education to understand the complex issues of inheritance of antique values ...
2. Current opinions about the prestige of the profession. With regard to the profession, prejudices are manifested in the fact that some professions that are important for society, occupations are considered unworthy, indecent (for example: a scavenger). An economist or psychologist is no more useful to society than a chemist or a locksmith. The prestige of the profession should be taken into account - but after taking into account your interests and abilities. Otherwise, you will own (if you will) a "fashionable", but not enjoyable specialty. Or, what good, you will be unsuitable for the performance of basic work functions ...
3 . Choosing a profession under the influence of comrades (for the company, so as not to be left behind). We choose a profession according to our "taste" and "size" in the same way as clothes and shoes. Group feeling, peer orientation are very positive features of guys your age. They are needed to master the norms of behavior in society, the formation of the image of "I" and self-esteem. Therefore, look back at others, COMPARE (yourself with friends), and not blindly repeating. Try to see how you differ from your comrades - and how you are similar. This will help you understand that if Vasya goes to work as a firefighter (and he is a risky person), you may not like this profession (you are very careful and reasonable).
4. Transfer of attitude towards a person, a representative of a particular profession, to the profession itself. When choosing a profession, you must first of all take into account the characteristics of this type of activity, and not choose a profession just because you like or dislike the person who is engaged in this type of activity. The charm of a teacher is especially dangerous (if you admire the sincerity of a physicist, this does not mean that you like physics in itself, outside the "set"). In addition, guys often make a mistake, trying to get the profession of an idol - an athlete, politician, journalist, artist. Athletes are not all like that.
5. Fascination only with the external or some private side of the profession. Behind the ease with which the actor creates an image on stage, there is intense, everyday work. And journalists do not always appear on TV programs - more often they shovel through a lot of information, archives, talk with dozens of people - before they prepare a 10-minute report that. whoever, will be voiced by another (announcer on television).
6. Identification of a school subject with a profession or a poor distinction between these concepts. There is such a subject as a foreign language, and there are many professions that require the ability to speak a language - an interpreter, a guide, an international telephone operator, etc. Therefore, when choosing a profession, one must take into account what real occupations and professions are behind this subject. To do this, it is best not just to study professiograms or dictionaries of professions. It is worth analyzing newspapers with vacancies on the labor exchange (they usually indicate what kind of education is required for a particular vacancy). For example, a person with a linguistic education ("Russian language and literature", "foreign language" at school) can work as a teacher, translator, editor, and assistant secretary. Moreover, keep in mind that there are more professions than school subjects. You can become a lawyer, marketer, apparatchik. Professions can usually be associated with several school subjects (usually correspond to university entrance exams for admission to this specialty). For example, a future economist at school may like both mathematics and geography at the same time.
7. Outdated ideas about the nature of labor in the sphere of material production. In all professions, and above all in workers, complex and interesting equipment is being introduced, and the culture of work is being raised. And the computer is being introduced in absolutely all spheres of activity - up to animal husbandry.
8. Inability / unwillingness to understand one's personal qualities (inclinations, abilities). Professional consultants, parents, teachers, comrades will help you understand yourself. Psychological tests, as well as articles and publications on the topic of popular psychology, can also be useful. However, keep in mind that there are many non-professionals among them, so be critical of both test results and what is written in psychological books. The purpose of popular tests is to activate the activity of self-knowledge (self-observation, introspection), and not to give a ready answer to the question of who to be or stick a label about what you are.
9. Ignorance / underestimation of their physical characteristics, shortcomings, essential when choosing a profession. There are professions that may be contraindicated for you, because. they can worsen your health condition. There are few such professions and they mainly include those in which a long-term stress of certain physiological systems is required. Computer scientists strain their eyes a lot, and pilots strain their hearts ...
10. Ignorance of the main actions, operations and their order in solving, thinking over the problem when choosing a profession. When you solve a math problem, you perform certain actions in a certain sequence. It would be wise to do the same when choosing a profession.

Reminder for parents
Give your child the right to choose their future profession.

Discuss with them the pros and cons of their chosen profession.

Consider the choice of a future profession not only from the standpoint of material satisfaction, but also from the standpoint of moral satisfaction.

When choosing a future profession, take into account the personal qualities of your child, which are necessary for him in this specialty.

If there are disagreements in choosing a profession, use the opportunity to consult with specialist consultants.

Do not put pressure on the child in choosing a profession, otherwise it can turn into persistent conflicts.

Support the child if he has the patience and desire to make his dream come true.

If your child made the wrong choice, do not reproach him for it. The error can be corrected.

If your child has an early interest in a profession, give him the opportunity to maintain this interest with the help of literature, classes, etc.

Professional self-determination is a form of personal choice that reflects the process of searching and acquiring a profession. Self-determination is realized in the process of analyzing personal capabilities and abilities in relation to professional requirements. At present, the understanding of professional self-determination takes into account the problems of the relationship with the life self-determination of the individual, and also includes the influence of the impact on the individual of the social environment and his active position. In a market economy, the problem of freedom of choice of profession and ensuring the competitiveness of an employee is acute.

Professional self-determination of students

Self-determination of students is the process of formation by an individual of a personal attitude to professional activity and the way of its implementation through the coordination of socio-professional and personal needs.

Professional self-determination of students is a part of life self-determination, since it is included in the social group of choosing a profession and lifestyle.

In professional self-determination, there are various approaches: sociological - when society sets tasks for the individual, socio-psychological - stage-by-stage decision-making by the individual, as well as harmonization of the needs of society and personal preferences, differential-psychological - the formation of an individual life order.

The interconnected stages of professional self-determination of students are symbolically distinguished:

- preschool stage, including the formation of initial labor skills and abilities;

- elementary school, including awareness of the role of labor in the life of an individual through participation in various activities: educational, play, labor.

Awareness of one's abilities and interests associated with a professional choice occurs in grades 5-7, and the formation of professional self-awareness falls on grades 8-9.

In the professional self-determination of students, a significant role is assigned to the family and the state-public structure (vocational and general educational institutions; institutions of additional education, employment services).

Psychological and pedagogical support of self-determination of students is aimed at the implementation of a conscious choice of profession.

Students are determined with the choice of a profession in the process of teaching the basic sciences, as well as during professional training.

So, the professional self-determination of students includes the process of formation by the individual of a personal attitude to the labor sphere, as well as the way of its self-realization through the coordination of professional and intrapersonal needs.

Professional self-determination of high school students

Determination of high school students with a future profession is one of the forms of personal self-determination and is characterized by the process of acquiring, as well as the search for a profession, analysis of personal capabilities, abilities in comparison with the requirements of the profession.

At the age of fifteen, it is very difficult for a high school student to choose a profession. Often, professional intentions are vague and diffuse, and professionally oriented dreams, as well as romantic aspirations, are impossible to realize.

The unsatisfied coming future stimulates the development - awareness of the personal "I". A high school student is “determined”: who he is, what his abilities are, what his life ideal is, who he wants to become. Self-analysis is a delayed psychological basis of professional self-determination for the majority of vocational school students.

Those high school students who receive a complete secondary general education feel more comfortable. At the time of graduation, high school students from fantastic, imaginary professions choose the most acceptable and real options. Children understand that success and well-being in life, first of all, depends on the right choice of profession.

Assessing their capabilities and abilities, the prestige of the profession, the socio-economic situation, high school students determine themselves in obtaining professional education.

Thus, for high school students, educational and professional self-determination acts as a conscious choice of ways of vocational education and training.

Professional self-determination of personality

Psychologists attribute professional and personal self-determination to the process of forming a person's personal attitude to the professional labor sphere, as well as self-realization through the coordination of socially professional and intrapersonal needs.

Consider professional self-determination, including different stages of personality formation.

In preschool childhood, children in play activities imitate adults and reproduce their actions. Role-playing games, some of which are professionally oriented, become widespread in preschool age. Kids playing, assign themselves the roles of sellers, doctors, builders, educators, cooks, drivers of vehicles.

Of great importance in professional self-determination are the initial labor actions - the performance of simple actions to care for plants, clothing, and cleaning the premises. These activities contribute to the development of interest in the work of adults in children. Professional role-playing games, performing elementary types of labor, observing the work of adults contribute to the self-determination of preschoolers. At primary school age, kids willingly imitate the actions of adults and, based on this, there is an orientation towards the professions of relatives, parents, teachers, and close acquaintances. An important feature of schoolchildren is the motivation of achievements in educational activities. A child's awareness of his capabilities, as well as abilities based on experience in playing, educational, and labor activities, forms an idea of \u200b\u200bthe future profession.

The end of primary school age is marked by a significant increase in individual differences in the development of abilities between children, and this, in turn, affects a significant expansion of the range of professional preferences. Labor and educational activities influence the development of the imagination of children, both creative and recreative. Thanks to this ability, ideas about various types of labor are enriched, the ability to see oneself in a certain profession develops. Often a child has professionally colored fantasies that have a huge impact on professional self-determination in the future.

Adolescence is marked by the laying of the foundations of a moral attitude to various types of labor; a teenager develops a system of personal values that determine selectivity in relation to professions. Psychologists refer to this period as responsible for the formation of personality.

Teenage boys, imitating the external forms of adult behavior, are guided by romantic professions that have endurance, strong will, courage, courage, for example, astronaut, test pilot, race car driver. Girls prefer the professions of "real women" - they are charming, popular, attractive top models, pop singers, TV presenters.

Orientation towards romantic professions is directed under the influence of the mass media, which replicate samples of "real adults". Such a professional romantic orientation is facilitated by the desire of adolescents for self-affirmation and self-expression. A differentiated attitude to various activities in circles, academic subjects forms children's intentions and dreams. Dreams, patterns of the desired future are strokes of self-determination.

Professional self-determination of a person in early youth is the most important task. Often the plans of a teenager are very amorphous, vague, represent the nature of a dream.

A teenager most often imagines himself in various emotionally attractive roles and cannot make a psychologically sound choice of a profession on his own. And at the beginning of adolescence, this problem confronts young men and women who leave the main general education school. They make up one third of older adolescents who enter institutions of secondary and primary vocational education, while others are forced to start independent work.

Psychologists have found that often students who receive education in professional lyceums, vocational schools, colleges and technical schools have not finally decided and their choice of an educational institution was not psychologically justified.

The vast majority of young people aged 16-23 are educated in educational institutions or undergo vocational training in institutions or enterprises. Often, romantic aspirations, dreams are in the past, and the desired future has already become present, and many experience disappointment and dissatisfaction with the choice made. Some attempts are being made to make adjustments to their professional start, and most young men and women gain confidence in the correctness of their choice during training.

At the age of 27, social and professional activity is noted. Already have a job and some experience. Actuality acquires professional growth and achievements. However, the vast majority begin to experience psychological discomfort, which is due to lofty, unrealized plans, as well as labor saturation.

The uncertainty of career prospects, the lack of achievements actualize the reflection of personal existence, giving rise to self-assessment of the "I-concept" and introspection. This period is characterized by mental turmoil. The revision of professional life pushes towards the definition of new significant goals. Some of these include professional development and improvement; changing jobs and initiating promotions; choosing a new profession or related specialty.

For many people, by the age of 30, the problem of professional self-determination again becomes relevant. Two ways are possible here: either to affirm oneself further in the chosen profession and become a professional, or to change the place of work, as well as the profession.

The age period up to 60 years is considered the most productive. This period is marked by the realization of oneself as a person, and is also characterized by the use of professional and psychological potential. It is during this period that life plans are realized, the semantic existence of a person is justified. The profession provides a unique opportunity, using their abilities at work, to realize the need to be a person, as well as to develop an individual style of activity.

After reaching retirement age, people leave the profession, but by the age of 60, a person does not have time to fully exhaust his potential. This period is marked by an alarming state, because the stereotypes that have developed over decades, as well as the way of life, are being destroyed overnight. Skills, knowledge, important qualities - everything becomes unclaimed. Such negative moments accelerate social aging. Most pensioners experience psychological confusion, experience their uselessness and uselessness. The problem of self-determination arises again, however, in socially useful, social life.

Psychology of professional self-determination

Domestic psychology connects the processes of professional self-determination with personal self-determination and the choice of lifestyle. Choosing this or that profession, a person plans his way of existence, while correlating the future professional personal status with life values.

The following researchers worked on this problem: M.R. Ginzburg, K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, N.S. Pryazhnikov, E.I. Golovakhi, E.F. Zeer, E.A. Klimov.

The most versatile and consistent issues of professional self-determination of the subject were studied in the works of N.S. Pryazhnikova, E.A. Klimova, E.F. Zeera.

E.A. Klimov attributed professional self-determination to the quality of the mental manifestation of human development. During the life of an individual, a certain attitude is formed to different areas of work, an idea of his capabilities, professions is formed, preferences are distinguished.

According to E.A. Klimov, the most important component in self-determination is the formation of self-consciousness.

The structure of professional identity includes:

- awareness of personal belonging to a specific professional community (“we are builders”);

– assessment of one’s place and personal compliance with standards in the profession (one of the best specialists, a beginner);

- knowledge of the individual about his recognition in a social group ("I am considered a good specialist");

- knowledge of weaknesses and strengths, individual, as well as successful methods of action and ways of self-improvement;

- a personal idea of yourself, as well as work in the future.

E.A. Klimov notes two levels in professional self-determination:

- Gnostic (restructuring of self-consciousness and consciousness);

- practical (changes in the social status of a person).

E.F. Zeer highlights the problem of individual self-determination in the context of applied psychology, where professional self-determination is noted:

- selectivity in relation to the individual to the world of professions;

- a choice taking into account the individual qualities and characteristics of a person, as well as socio-economic conditions and requirements in the profession;

- constant self-determination of the subject throughout life;

- determination of external events (change of residence, graduation);

- a manifestation of the social maturity of the individual with a close connection of self-realization.

Tasks in self-determination are solved in different ways at each stage of professional development. They are determined by interpersonal relations in the team, socio-economic conditions, professional and age crises, but the leading role remains with the activity of the individual and his responsibility for personal development.

E.F. Zeer believes that self-determination is an important factor in the self-realization of an individual in a particular profession.

H. S. Pryazhnikov proposed his own model of self-determination, which includes the following components:

- awareness by the individual of the values of socially useful labor, as well as the need for professional training;

- orientation in the socio-economic situation, as well as forecasting the prestige of the chosen work;

— definition of a professional goal-dream;

- highlighting professional immediate goals as stages for achieving further goals;

- search for information about specialties and professions corresponding to educational institutions and places of employment;

- an idea of the personal qualities necessary for the implementation of the plans, as well as possible difficulties in achieving goals;

- the presence of backup options in the choice of profession in case of failure with the main option of self-determination;

- practical implementation of personal perspectives, adjustment of plans.

Professional self-determination according to N.S. Pryazhnikov takes place at the following levels:

- self-determination in a labor, specific function (an employee sees the meaning of activity in the qualitative performance of operations or individual labor functions, while the freedom of choice of actions by an individual is limited);

- self-determination at a specific labor position (a labor post is marked by a limited production environment, which includes certain rights, means of labor, duties), while the performance of diverse functions makes it possible for self-realization of the activity performed, and a change in a labor post negatively affects the quality of labor, causing employee dissatisfaction;

- self-determination at the level of a certain specialty provides for a change of labor posts, which allows expanding the possibilities of self-realization of the individual;

- self-determination in a particular profession;

- life self-determination is associated with the choice of lifestyle, which includes leisure and self-education;

- personal self-determination is determined by finding the image of the Self and its approval among the surrounding individuals (the individual rises above social roles, profession, becomes the master of his personal life and the people around him rank him as a good specialist and a respected, unique personality);

- self-determination of the individual in culture is marked by the orientation of the individual to the "continuation" of himself in other people and is characterized by a significant contribution to the development of culture, which makes it possible to talk about the social immortality of the individual.

The problem of professional self-determination

The experience of vocational counseling shows that students who have not chosen a profession often seek the help of a psychologist to determine the type of activity where they will be most capable. Behind this lies an unconscious desire to shift the solution of a life problem to another individual. Difficulties of such a plan often arise due to the lack of adequate ideas about professional suitability among schoolchildren, the inability to assess their abilities and capabilities, and also correlate them with the world of professions.

Many students cannot answer: “What activity would you like to do?”, “What abilities do they see in themselves?”; “What qualities are important for success in mastering a future profession?”

A low culture of knowledge, as well as ignorance of modern professions, makes it difficult for high school students to choose a life path.

Career guidance work of a psychologist should turn from diagnostic into formative, developing, diagnostic and corrective. The stages of consulting work should be aimed at activating students to form a desire for a conscious, independent choice of profession, taking into account the knowledge gained about themselves.

The term "professional self-determination" means a form of individual choice of a person, which includes the search process, as well as. Usually it is realized in the course of an analysis of one's own knowledge and skills, an assessment of abilities in relation to the requirements provided by a specific professional duty.

In our time, this concept also directly correlates with the act of self-determination of a person, takes into account the influence on a person of the surrounding social environment and environment, his life beliefs, positions. If we talk about the features of market relations, then in this case the issue of the possibility of a free choice of work, as well as the ability of a future employee to compete, is sharply considered.

Professional self-determination of students

The concept of "students" includes not only the correspondence of the choice of work by an individual with social requirements, but also their correlation with the personal attitude of the subject to a particular field of activity.

Of course, this process is one of the constituent factors of general self-determination in life, since it includes the factor of choosing a lifestyle that is completely related to the chosen job.
In this case, there are several options for approaches that solve the problem of choice. The sociological method lies in the fact that the society sets certain requirements for the individual in terms of professional activity and determines the result of the choice. The socio-psychological methodology is a more gradual choice, which includes a combination of the needs of society and individual preferences of the individual. The third method, psychological or differential psychological, is a purely personal independent construction of a way of life and activity.
As a rule, understanding of one's uniqueness and inclinations within the framework of professional activity occurs in grades 5-7. At the same time, in grades 8-9, the first stage of professional self-determination can already be observed - the formation of labor self-awareness.

Professional self-determination of high school students

The choice of a future job by a high school student is one of the main factors in the overall life self-determination. It is characterized by a number of mechanisms, in particular, the assessment of personal skills and qualities in accordance with the requirements of the profession, the actual search and profession and the possibility of implementing the choice made. As a rule, at the age of 15 it is very difficult to make a reasonable choice in terms of a profession without outside help. The high school student himself realizes it very inertly, and real romantic dreams about this or that activity in life, as a rule, cannot be realized at all.

The future, which is further felt as something unsatisfactory, can stimulate a peculiar phenomenon. A high school student, after some time, begins to realize himself, his place in life, real desires to do certain things, to realize himself in a particular area. Such a "belated" introspection is practically the basis that drives an adequate professional choice.

Of course, high school students who have completed secondary education feel much more confident. By the time they graduate from school, they are already leaving their usual fantasies and are aware of their real abilities and opportunities, evaluate certain options for choosing a profession. For them, at this stage, such a choice determines not so much the search for a profession itself, but the choice of one or another variant of narrow training in a specialty, acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary for this activity.

Professional self-determination of personality

Psychologists consider professional self-determination of a person as a mechanism for comparing the requirements put forward by work and the skills and knowledge that an individual has, which may be sufficient or, conversely, insufficient for taking on a “role”. In addition, the psychological preference of the subject to the types of labor is also taken into account.
This process largely depends on age, passing through certain stages of formation along with the personality. They can be considered in turn, comparing with the specific stages of development of the individual.
For example, at preschool age, children prefer various social role-playing games in which they imitate adults. Kids choose certain professional roles, in accordance with the rules of the game they invented. It can be a firefighter, a doctor, a builder, a cook... The roles are usually quite simplistic and uncomplicated, as they are based on the personal experience of children observing adults whom they try to imitate. At this stage, it is important that even then children acquire some basic skills, master elementary types of labor, which receives its logical continuation in the lower grades.
By the end of primary school age, individualization and the difference between kids in terms of skills, abilities and preferences is growing. In this regard, a much wider range of professional preferences of the child is formed, but at the same time it narrows, setting certain priorities.

- this is a rather unique stage in the process of forming professional preferences. The fact is that it is at this age that not so much the development of skills is formed, but the personal and emotional attitude of the child to work and certain areas of activity. That is, at this age there is a laying of personal, purely psychological preferences and, consequently, selectivity in terms of professional activity. It is often at this time that the definition of a profession focused on "romance" is observed. For example, teenage boys try to emphasize their masculinity and maturity, focusing on those areas of activity that require strength, endurance, patience, stamina and courage.

Of course, most of the youth, aged 16-23, after receiving a proper secondary and higher professional education, leaves romantic dreams in the past and aims at much more serious peaks in the future.
Usually, by the age of 27, professional activity is observed on the part of the individual. At this point, there is already a specific certainty - the chosen work, experience, goals and achievements. That is, it is not so much the question of the right choice that acquires relevance, but namely the improvement of oneself within the framework of work, the achievement of a new level of professionalism. Psychologists note that by the age of 30, the question of the fidelity of the choice made may arise with renewed vigor. In this case, there are only two options for the development of events: the individual can decide to remain in his position and continue to develop, or he can leave and try to find a new profession that suits him completely.

Psychology of professional self-determination

In our time, the psychology of professional self-determination has established itself as a complex of processes that are part of the general life self-orientation, since professional activity is one of the leading spheres of the life of each individual. At the same time, it is worth noting the fact that, choosing his future profession, a person also reconsiders his subsequent lifestyle and correlates it with his own preferences and beliefs.
A domestic specialist in the field of psychology A. Klimov actively worked on this issue, who attributed professional self-determination to indicators of the quality of a person's psychological development. From his point of view, each individual develops a personal view of certain areas of professional activity during his life. A. Klimov also proposed the following structure of these processes:
Understanding by an individual of his own belonging to a certain professional community, for example, builders or doctors.
An individual's assessment of his own place in a given field of activity and his status in it.
A person's understanding of his recognition by others in relation to his professionalism.
Knowledge of personal strengths and weaknesses, individual and effective approaches to solving emerging problems, the ability to implement them, as well as knowledge of ways of self-improvement.
Self-esteem, a personal idea of yourself as an employee and about the work in the future.

The problem of professional self-determination

Statistical data from vocational counseling centers show that most of the students, even in high school or higher education, seek help in determining their possible place of work, where they would be most effective. The problem of professional self-determination lies in the fact that many schoolchildren lack adequate knowledge about the requirements and features of a particular type of work, as well as the skills to adequately assess their abilities.
In other words, an underestimated culture of knowledge about classical and modern professions makes it much more difficult for schoolchildren to build their own life path. Based on this, it follows that the activity of a professional consultant should be mostly informational and formative in order to allow a teenager to learn how to independently make a choice, following his personal analysis of possible options for a future profession.

Professional diagnostics- assessment of interests, personal qualities and abilities of students.

we diagnosearea of interest
evaluate the level of development of various abilities
identify personality traits

Professional diagnostics is a psychological test aimed at identifying individual abilities, interests and preferences. Based on the test results, you can draw a conclusion about the intellectual abilities and the level of development of your personal qualities. Based on the results of the tests, you will receive recommendations on which profession you should give preference to in the future.Each personality type is characterized by some features:

certain traits of character and mindset;
abilities for certain types of activity;
preferences for certain occupations;
content of hobbies;
professional opportunities.

Each type of personality corresponds to a certain type of profession. In the event that a person chooses a profession corresponding to his personality type, then he can achieve the greatest success in it and get the greatest job satisfaction.Types of personality according to the systematization of J. Holland:

realistic
artistic
intellectual
conventional
enterprising
social.

To determine your personality type, you are invited to pass the questionnaire of professional self-determination by J. Holland

STEP TWO. WE DETERMINE PROFESSIONAL PREFERENCES.

A person who works according to his abilities is healthy in moral and psychological terms. He works without being overwhelmed. The very process of work evokes in him feelings of satisfaction, elevation of creative forces. Such a person constantly has a good mood and a general positive tone of life.He is happy

.
The choice of a profession is a rather serious issue, which should be approached thoughtfully. First of all , you need to take into account your personal interests. Secondly evaluate your own abilities. Thirdly , to analyze the correspondence of their personal qualities with those qualities, the presence of which is required by the chosen profession.
The world of professions is not something frozen. Professions can die and disappear as obsolete, new ones can appear. It happens that several professions are combined into one new one or, conversely, one is split into several new ones.

Type "Man - Nature" combines professions in which the main, leading object of labor is plants, animals or microorganisms.
Type "Man - Technique" combines professions in which the main, leading subject of labor is technical systems, material objects, materials, types of energy.
Type "Man - Sign System" combines professions in which the main, leading subject of labor is conventional signs, numbers, codes, languages.
Type "Man - Man" combines professions in which the main, leading subject of labor is people, groups, teams, communities of people.
Type "Man - Artistic image" combines professions in which the main, leading subject of labor is artistic images and the conditions for their construction

To determine your professional preferences, you are invited to take tests:

Professional suitability is list of personality traits, which help in the aggregate to attribute it to any particular profession. Determining professional suitability is a very important stage in the formation of a person, since working in the most suitable profession for a person significantly increases the efficiency of his work.

Usually, the qualities of a person, relating him to a profession, are formed during his lifetime, and have a fairly large range. In the matter of determining a specific area for work, the time of adaptation, first of all, significantly depends on the natural data of a person, as well as his own motivation and initial preparation for professional activity.

In itself, suitability for a specialty, although it originates from the list of personal qualities of a person, is by no means an innate trait, therefore it is absolutely within the power of any person to develop it to perfection on their own.

If we consider this phenomenon with psychological point of view, then it is a general set of psychophysical and psychological traits of a person. Given the work of a person in the profession for which he is suitable, psychologists note the effect of satisfaction from the work in which the individual is engaged as a mandatory ex post facto proof that he is doing the right job.

To some professions, if a person does not have an initial set of psychophysical data necessary for work in this industry, professional suitability may not develop at all. This phenomenon is common in specific professions such as teaching or medicine. Since not every person has sufficient endurance to work in the teaching profession, most often people's suitability for such professions is called a vocation.

By belonging to professional activity, people are formed into communities and groups employed in the same labor industry. From which we can conclude that choosing a profession is not only taking a step towards a certain work activity, but also entering a group of people with similar or identical interests and goals to you.

At the moment in Russia, the total number of professions is over 6000, which is both discouraging, but also gives a field for reflection and a wide choice of the industry in which you can prove yourself best, and in which work team you want to work.

Due to the huge number of specialties, it was decided by vocational guidance experts to divide them into types and classes of professions. Types of professions mean what a person will have to deal with when working in a particular industry, there are five main types in total.

The class of the profession expresses the nature of the work and the requirements for the person performing it.

To accurately choose a profession, you need to decide on three main aspects.
The first task will be identify interests and inclinations for any profession, because first of all a person who works in a specialty that is interesting to him does not strive for the result of work as an end in itself, but for the pleasure of its implementation.

Therefore, no matter how good a profession is, if a person does not have a strong desire to work in it, it will not bring him the proper job satisfaction, and turn over time into an annoying routine.

The second step will be assessment of professionally important qualities. First of all, these are the abilities and skills to perform the tasks that are necessary specifically for this profession. Also, an important factor in choosing a profession is health and existing qualifications.

The last third step will be a analysis of the labor market and identification of the need for certain personnel, since in our time it has become not so difficult to determine a profession, how to find a job in it, therefore, before taking the final step to deciding which industry to work in, you need to find employers who will offer you vacancies for employment in the future.

Only after going through all three of these steps and receiving positive answers to them, corresponding to the chosen profession, you can be sure that vocational orientation was successful, and you in the future, when it will be necessary to get a job and engage in certain labor activities for a long time, you can easily do this, it will not get bored with time, but on the contrary, you will enjoy it, because what could be more pleasant, than doing what you love!

Types of career guidance tests

The main thing that can help you make a choice in the direction of a particular profession is career guidance tests, their main task is to determine the inclinations and abilities of adolescents or adults for certain professions.

Often, such tests for choosing a profession are most often used during training in various educational institutions, guiding a person from school in the right and interesting direction for him.

Adults resort to vocational guidance tests most often in case of need to change the type of their work activity. Also, many companies, when accepting candidates for work, also conduct a career guidance test for them, doing it so professionally that sometimes the applicant does not even assume that this kind of testing has been done on him.

Consider several well-known professionally oriented tests for people who want to change, or decide on their profession. The first test will be "Profmaster", this test was developed specifically for Russia, and is designed for a very wide age group. The test itself consists of two parts, and has 110 questions, which are proposed to be answered in 30 minutes.

Test "Humanist - Technician" is also very famous, its main task, which can be understood from the name, is to determine which direction in the personality is dominant (technical or humanitarian).

Questionnaire "For against"- this test is aimed mostly at an adult audience, and its main task is to stimulate the beginning of an adult's reflection on the problems of his professional choice.

As a final test, I would like to propose "Studying the factors of the attractiveness of the profession", this test very well helps to analyze what attracts and repels in each proposed profession. This test is widely used both by adults who want to change the direction of their activities, and by teenagers in educational institutions, who, having in mind several professions, compare them with each other, choosing the most attractive for them.

The most important conclusion that can be drawn from the entire extensive list of tests and methods that are offered to people in modern society is that career guidance test is an important step in choosing a profession. From a correctly chosen profession, subsequently, the work on it for the person who has chosen it will be easy to build, which will be a motivating factor in order to put your soul and strength into your work, devoting yourself completely to it.

How to check the suitability of a person? The answer to the question is in the video.