Sanpin for office workers. What are the requirements for organizing workplaces for employees Providing conditions for eating

Professiogram of the profession "Financier"

I. General information about the profession

) Profession Financier - a specialist in the field of financial operations. In Latin, the term "finance" means "end", "finish" - the completion of monetary settlements of the population with the state. The French called "finance" cash, income. The dictionary of banking terms gives the following definition: "a financier is a specialist who conducts large monetary transactions on a legitimate basis."

The profession of a financier is one of the most sought after. Any company is interested in a specialist who can competently manage finances. One thing is required from the financier - it is profitable to invest financial resources. The rest of the responsibilities relate to the methods of achieving this goal. A representative of this profession must know the economic situation in the country, legislation, and analyze incoming information.

) Related professions: economist, accountant, auditor, insurance agent, tax inspector.

) Career growth is possible both through the administrative line and through the transition to other, more prestigious and highly paid economic specialties. A thorough knowledge of the rules of financial accounting helps in managing your own business. The place of professional activity of a financier may be state bodies of the federal, territorial and municipal levels; banks, exchanges, financial companies, investment funds, economic and financial services of enterprises and organizations.

) Demand in the labor market is quite high, but the employment of young professionals still often causes difficulties. Firstly, employers almost always require work experience, and secondly, due to the prestige of economic education, there has been an "overproduction" of financiers. In case of successful employment, these specialists can count on income levels slightly higher than the average salary in the industry.

. Information about the professional training of personnel

) To get a job as a financier in Barnaul or other cities, you need a higher education, possibly a secondary vocational education.

The profession of a financier can be obtained in secondary and higher educational institutions of the city of Barnaul, for example:

· AltGU-MIEMIS (department of finance and credit, study period 4 years)

· ASAU (Faculty of Economics, 4 years of study)

· Altai Academy of Economics and Law (Department of Finance and Credit, 4 years of study)

)In order to consider the vacancy of a financier, you need a higher education in the economic direction. There is another way, this is to complete special courses. Enrollment is based on the results of the Unified State Examination: Russian language, mathematics, social studies.

)Main disciplines studied:

· Economic theory

· Finance

· Organizational finance

· Banking

· Financial management

· Stock market information systems

· Stocks and bods market

)Qualification of a graduate of an educational institution.

An economist with a degree in Finance and Credit must be prepared for professional work in state bodies at the federal, regional and municipal levels; banks, stock exchanges, financial and insurance companies, investment funds, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, economic services of enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership, in positions requiring higher economic education, according to the qualification directory of managerial positions.

)According to HeadHunter, the average salary of a financier in different cities of Russia is as follows:

Moscow: 43,000 rubles;

St. Petersburg: 37,000 rubles;

Yekaterinburg: 33,500 rubles;

Novosibirsk: 30,000 rubles;

Nizhny Novgorod: 32,000 rubles;

Kazan: 20,500 rubles.

) Career growth of a financier is possible both through the administrative line and through the transition to other, more prestigious and highly paid economic specialties.

Career growth of a financier is carried out according to the following hierarchical ladder:

· Assistant of the financial department (salary 25-30 thousand rubles)

· Financial analyst (salary 30-40 thousand rubles)

· Senior financial analyst (salary 40-50 thousand rubles)

· Financial manager (salary 50-60 thousand rubles)

· Financial controller (salary 60-80 thousand rubles)

· Financial director (salary 120-200 thousand rubles)

profession financier labor psychological

1) The most important technological operations of the profession of a financier:

· analysis of the company's financial performance.

· budget execution control

· optimization of planning processes

· analysis of the effectiveness of the use of funds for projects

· financial modeling and business planning

· management of investment relations

· negotiating with auditors

· corporate finance management

· real estate and securities transactions

· execution of exchange operations

· preparation of financial estimates and reports

) The main means of labor of a financier: computer technology (personal computer), his intellectual abilities and professionalism, as well as various utility programs.

) The financier works indoors (office, enterprise, firm, organization), the workplace requires a computer.

) The prevailing working posture during labor: sitting, movements during labor are made mainly by fingers and hands, the body is mobile.

) The financier does not produce anything. He provides services.

) The nature of the work of a financier is monotonous.

) Overfatigue affects mainly the organs of vision and the spine.

IV. Sanitary and hygienic working conditions

) The working premises of the financier should be sufficiently illuminated, well soundproofed, these are important for the concentration of the employee.

) The main requirement for the physical condition of the working organism: activity, capacity, endurance.

) Medical contraindications. The work of a financier is not recommended for people with diseases:

· neuro-psychic;

· cardiovascular;

· auditory and visual analyzers;

· speech apparatus.

) Occupational diseases include:

· osteochondrosis

· migraine

· visual impairment and posture

· stress, irritability

. Psychological requirements of the profession for a person

) Financiers are not immune from unforeseen situations, emergency work and conflicts with colleagues. Therefore, it is important to be patient, balanced, especially when communicating with employees and customers.

) The main qualities that a financier should possess:

· logical and analytical thinking

· good mathematical ability

· ability to think globally

· well developed memory

· the ability to express one's thoughts

· the ability to predict the end result

· pedantry

· ability to plan work time

· prudence

· sociability

· stress tolerance

· teamwork skills

This topic is covered during classroom sessions, visits to the enterprise and conversations with a financial specialist of the enterprise (bank, insurance company). On this topic, the student must learn the place and role of a financier in the structure of an enterprise, study the factors that determine the size and procedure for the formation of individual jobs in an enterprise (in a bank), study the office and computer equipment used in financial services and banks.

For this it is assumed:

The study of methodological material on the topic: the concept, essence, principles and methods of organizing automated jobs for a financier.

Practical work with office equipment and the Internet.

Visiting the enterprise, getting acquainted with the principles and practice of organizing jobs for a financier at the enterprise, studying job descriptions, regulations on divisions and other documents of the enterprise (an approximate list of questions for study in Appendix 3, 4).

A conversation with a Bank specialist in order to get acquainted with the peculiarities of work and organization of jobs for financiers in financial and credit institutions (an approximate list of questions for study is in Appendix 3, 4).

This report should include:

Basic principles and methods of organizing jobs for a financier.

Various types of office equipment, their purpose and types of work performed with its help. The main directions of using the Internet in the activities of a financier.

Principles and methods of organizing jobs for a financier at an enterprise and in a bank. The answer to this item should be detailed. To answer, you can use the standard questionnaires (Appendices 2, 3).

6.5. Overview of Financial Management Software

Information is provided on existing software tools for accounting and financial reporting, financial analysis and financial management in general.

The advantages and disadvantages of various programs are assessed, and comparative characteristics of various programs are given.

The principles of building modern information systems for managing the activities of an enterprise in general and financial activities in particular are studied.

A report on this topic is compiled on the basis of data provided by a specialist or teacher, as well as data from the Internet or from other sources (the student searches for additional information on his own).

The report can be presented in the form of the following table.

Table 2.

Financial Management Software

	Name of the software tool	Features and directions of use	Benefits of using	Disadvantages of using
I. Specialized Accounting Programs
	1c accounting
	InfoAccounting
II. Specialized financial planning programs and forecasting
III. Integrated Enterprise Resource Management
	1C:Enterprise
	Galaxy

6.6. Maintaining accounting and financial reporting

in the program "1C Accounting"

The report on this topic is a printout of the results of completed practical tasks and includes:

1. Report on the formation of the main documents of the organization (List of employees, hiring order, list of banks, list of counterparties, list of non-current assets, list of materials, list of products, list of production costs, payroll and payroll sheets, etc.) etc., balance sheet, payment documents).

2. Report on an individual task (provide the procedure for accounting for individual operations and the use of elements of the 1C: Accounting program).

The modern financial sector is so complex and diverse that only a well-trained specialist can figure out where and how to invest money correctly in order to receive income. And such specialists have their own professional holiday. "Day of the financier" is a holiday of all specialists in the financial sector: heads and employees of banks, financial, insurance and investment companies; state and commercial financial organizations, as well as many people who actively invest their personal funds in financial instruments and the development of the Russian economy.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1101 of August 19, 2011, "Financier's Day" was established as a public holiday, which is now celebrated annually on September 8. The date was not chosen by chance - on this day in 1802, Emperor Alexander I founded the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

Presentation [PDF] [PPTX]

Test to determine the ability to manage personal finances [PDF] [DOCX]

Target: improving financial literacy and the formation of the civic position of students.

Tasks:

• formation of information base of financial activity;
• expanding knowledge about the financial sector;
• education of financial culture;
• creating motivation to engage in financial activities.

What associations do you have with the concept of "finance"?

Finance is a multifaceted concept that includes cash, non-cash money resources, other forms and instruments of money, as well as financial relations related to cash settlements between market entities.

What role do you think finance plays in our lives?

Name the area of ​​society where we do not use finance.

How is finance used in each area?

The basis of the financial base of any family, enterprise or state is the budget. In a family, the budget is distributed and managed by your parents.

Who do you think distributes finances and manages the budget of the enterprise or the state?

A financier is a highly qualified specialist in the field of financial science and financial operations, who deals with especially large monetary transactions, manages capital, and finances projects on a legitimate basis. At the same time, the financier can be either a small clerk in a bank branch or an employee of the Ministry of Finance.

Imagine what the workplace of a financier might look like.

List the main tools of its activity.

Imagine that you are the owner of a large enterprise. Your company has a vacancy for the head of the financial department. What requirements would you present to a specialist wishing to fill this vacancy?

The sphere of interests of the modern financier includes all, without exception, the movement of money. The specialization of the financier depends on the type of money circulation in which he is engaged.

Name the areas of activity and specialization of financiers.

What personal qualities should a financier have in order to succeed in his activity?

Financiers can choose certain financial areas for work: fiscal, regulatory and methodological, foreign economic, insurance, investment, etc. The duties of financiers include: drawing up financial estimates and reports, conducting exchange transactions and taxation, performing various trading processes, analyzing financial documents.

Which organizations need finance professionals?

Guess where the broker, trader, broker, auditor work.

For reference:

A broker is a commercial intermediary in the purchase and sale of goods, securities, services, and insurance.

A trader is a trader in securities on the stock exchange, acting on his own initiative and seeking to profit directly from the trading process.

Broker - a trade representative, a professional participant in the securities market, who has the right to carry out operations with securities on behalf of the client and at his expense or on his own behalf and at the expense of the client on the basis of reimbursable agreements with the client.

An auditor is an individual who has the necessary authority to audit the financial and economic activities of companies.

How important do you think the profession of "financier" is for modern society?

What famous financiers of the past and present do you know?

Do you think people who have achieved some success in the financial sector have been involved in charity work? Name these people. What was their charity?

Name the people who, having achieved success in the financial sector, were patrons of the arts.

Morozov Savva Vasilievich

In business circles, Morozov enjoyed great influence: he headed the committee of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, was a member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactories and the Society for Promoting the Improvement and Development of the Manufactory Industry, was elected an elector of the Moscow Exchange Society and remained so until the end of his life.

In 1892, Savva Morozov was awarded the Order of St. Anna of the III degree “for useful activities and special works under the department of the Ministry of Finance”, in 1896 he was once again awarded one of the highest awards of the Russian Empire - the Order of St. Anna of the II degree.

Baron von Stieglitz Alexander Ludwigovich

On May 31 (June 12), 1860, on the basis of the Decree of Alexander II, the Commercial Bank was transformed into the State Bank, and on June 10 (22), 1860 A.L. Stieglitz was appointed its manager. In 1866, he was dismissed from this position, leaving at the Ministry of Finance for the credit part and as an honorary member of the Council of Trade and Manufactories. In the same year, he became the largest shareholder of the established Moscow Merchant Bank. In 1862 he was granted the Privy Councilor, and in 1881 he was promoted to the actual Privy Councilor.

It is curious to note that, being a completely independent person, whose capital was readily accepted in all countries, Stieglitz placed his huge fortune almost exclusively in Russian funds and on the skeptical remark of one financier about the imprudence of such trust in Russian finances he once remarked: “My father and I have made all state in Russia; if she turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune with her.

Witte Sergey Yulievich

He considered the most important mechanism in the implementation of the internal restructuring of the country to be unlimited state intervention - a set of financial, credit and tax measures, including limiting the emission activity of the State Bank, conversion loans abroad, etc. The initiator of the monetary reform of 1897, he achieved the stabilization of the ruble, introduced gold circulation, ensuring the absolute stability of the gold ruble until 1914. The way to enrich the Russian treasury was the introduction of a wine monopoly (the farming system - on the initiative of S.Yu. Witte - was replaced by excise taxes from each degree), which became one of the foundations of the budget of tsarist Russia and gave up to a quarter of all revenues to the treasury.

Vekselberg Viktor Feliksovich

Russian entrepreneur, manager, President of the Skolkovo Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Renova Group of Companies. After Rosneft bought a 50% stake in TNK-BP in October 2012, Vekselberg became the richest man in Russia: according to Bloomberg, his fortune increased by $1.5 billion and was estimated at $18 billion.

Kudrin Alexey Leonidovich

Russian statesman, Minister of Finance in the Russian government from May 18, 2000 to September 26, 2011, which is the longest term in this position in modern Russia. During Kudrin's leadership of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, a large-scale tax reform was carried out: a “flat scale” of income tax of 13% was introduced, turnover taxes and sales tax were eliminated, VAT and income tax rates were reduced, the total number of taxes was reduced three times, eliminated many loopholes in the legislation used for tax evasion.

Deripaska Oleg Vladimirovich

Russian businessman, billionaire. In 2008 he was named the richest Russian. As of 2016, he was ranked 41st among the billionaires of Russia and 854th in the list of billionaires according to Forbes magazine. In 1998, he founded the Volnoe Delo Foundation, which has become one of the largest private charitable organizations in Russia. The fund, financed from Deripaska's personal funds, has implemented more than 500 charitable programs.

Do you think you know how to manage finances?

Test your financial ability.

The teacher invites students to take a test to determine the ability to manage personal finances.

5. Ensuring safe working conditions at the workplace of a financier

The practice of the work of state labor inspectorates of the Russian Federation indicates that organizations in many sectors of the economy have traditionally maintained unsatisfactory working conditions for a long period. According to official data from Rosstat, most of the workers covered by statistical observation work in conditions that are uncomfortable for high-quality work with increased noise levels, dusty air in the working area, lack of natural light and in a workplace that does not meet ergonomic requirements.
Hence the rapid fatigue of employees of enterprises, weakening of attention, loss of interest in work, impaired emotional state, high morbidity, frequent ailments and reduced productivity. Therefore, the relevance of the section lies in the fact that at each enterprise it is important for each employee to provide safe conditions and labor protection, protect and maintain his health in the course of work and create the prerequisites for maintaining a high level of working capacity.
The purpose of this section is to ensure safe working conditions in the workplace of the financier.
To do this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Identify and analyze dangerous and harmful factors in the workplace of a financier.
Assess the actual state of working conditions in the workplace.
Design a ventilation system
Develop measures to improve working conditions and reduce the impact of harmful factors.

5.1 Identification and analysis of hazardous and harmful factors in the workplace

The workplace of the financier of Bersh LLC is located indoors without natural lighting with a total area of ​​120 m 2. 8 people work together with the financier in the office.
The financier of the Bersh company is equipped with a comfortable workspace for placing a table, equipped with a personal computer and an office chair with a rising seat, for the most comfortable work. This placement makes it possible to cover all the elements of the workplace and the space outside it.
The nature of the work of a financier is to develop and apply various accounting and cost systems for estimating expenses and incomes, drawing up financial estimates, planning the finances and budget of the organization, developing and implementing financial and statistical reporting systems; real estate and securities transactions and analysis of financial documents .
In his work, the financier uses manual and electrified means of labor. Therefore, on the desktop of the necessary elements there is a monitor, an organizer with stationery, a calculator and free space on the table makes it possible to take notes, place documentation and materials necessary for work. The rack with the necessary documentation is located within the employee's work area in such a way that easy and quick access to all documents (folders, papers) is organized.
The workplace of the financier is located in close proximity to 2 other employees. Its location can be seen on the detailed floor plan.
office space (Figure 5.1).
1 - the workplace of the financier
2 - wardrobe, shelving.

Figure 5.1 - Layout of the office of Bersh LLC

As can be seen from Figure 5.1, all employees are facing each other, which is not recommended from a psychological point of view, since the employee will not be able to feel confident and free.
In accordance with the nature of the work of the financier, the location of the workplace and the layout of the premises in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74, the identification of hazardous and harmful production factors (HAPF) was carried out, of which the following physical HAPF were identified:

increased air temperature and reduced air mobility in the room;
lack of natural light;

insufficient illumination of the working area.

5.1.1 Increased air temperature and reduced room air movement

Temperature is a physical quantity that characterizes the state of thermodynamic equilibrium of a system. The temperature of all parts of an isolated system in equilibrium is the same. If the system is not in equilibrium, then heat exchange occurs between its parts that have different temperatures.
Air mobility is one of the parameters characterizing the microclimate in the workplace. A person begins to feel the movement of air at its speed of approximately 0.1 m / s. A light movement of air at normal temperatures contributes to good health, while at the same time, a high speed of air movement, especially at low temperatures, causes an increase in heat loss by convection and evaporation and leads to a strong cooling of the body. Strong air movement is especially unfavorable when working outdoors in winter conditions.
The source of the factor is:

heat dissipation from people
heat dissipation from lighting
heat dissipation from solar insolation

This factor is assessed by the following indicators:
- the air temperature in the room is measured in degrees Celsius (°C);
- heat release - kJ/h;
- air speed - m / s.


In accordance with the Sanitary Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises", the optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on thermoregulatory mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health status, create prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.

Table 5.1 - Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

Period of the year	Category of work by energy consumption levels, W	Air temperature, °C	Temperature of air surfaces, °C	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold	IIa (175 - 232) IIb (233 - 290) III (more than 290)	22-24 21-23 19-21 17-19 16-18	21-25 20-24 18-22 16-20 15-19	60-40 60-40 60-40 60-40 60-40	0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3
Warm	Ia (up to 139) Ib (140 - 174) IIa (175 - 232) IIb (233 - 290) III (more than 290)	23-25 22-24 20-22 19-21 18-20	22-26 21-25 19-23 18-22 17-21	60-40 60-40 60-40 60-40 60-40	0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3

Thus, for employees in the field of management who work while sitting with little physical stress, the air temperature in the room during the cold period of time should be 22–24 ° C, and during the warm period - 23–25 ° C.
The expected level of heat release at the workplace is 7560.96 kJ/h.

As a result of non-compliance with thermal comfortable conditions, discomfort, deterioration in well-being and labor productivity occur. Elevated air temperature can lead to overheating of the body of an employee of the organization. Therefore, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than the permissible values, the time spent by employees (continuously or in total per shift) should be limited in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96.

5.1.2 Lack of natural light

Light - electromagnetic radiation that causes a visual sensation and occupies a narrow part of the spectrum from 750 micrometers (red light) to 400 micrometers (violet light). Along with visible light, infrared rays and ultraviolet rays are also united under the general name of light.
Windows are a source of natural light. At the enterprise "Bersh" they are absent. The workplace of the financier is located in a separate room without windows.
According to hygienic requirements for natural lighting of public buildings according to SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings", premises with permanent residence of people must have natural lighting, so the office does not meet these requirements .
An indicator of natural lighting is the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) e H, measured in%.
In accordance with SNiP 23-05-95 “Design standards. Natural and artificial lighting "characteristic of the financier's visual work belongs to the III category of high-precision work with the smallest size of the object of distinction in letters 0.30 to 0.50 mm, sub-class D, the contrast of the object with the background is medium, the background is light.

Table 5.2 - Normalized indicators of natural lighting in the premises of a public building

According to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03, without natural lighting, it is allowed to design the rooms listed in the table, for which there are no requirements for natural lighting. Since the norms for natural lighting for offices are established, being at the workplace of a financier in such conditions adversely affects his well-being.
Natural light affects the human nervous system, regulates the biological clock, which, in turn, regulates the rhythms of sleep/wake up, insomnia and drowsiness, joy and performance. Serotonin, cortisol and melatonin are the main human hormones that control wakefulness and sleep. Cortisol levels rise in the morning and thus prepare the body and brain for the day's activities. In parallel with the increase in cortisol levels, the level of melatonin decreases, and drowsiness disappears. The level of stress and ailments for a financier working in a room with no natural light is significantly higher than for people working in combined or natural light. High levels of natural light eliminate many causes of stress.
To eliminate such consequences and compensate for the lack of natural light, it is proposed to use artificial lighting with very high levels of illumination.

5.1.3 Insufficient illumination of the working area

Illumination is a physical quantity numerically equal to the luminous flux incident on a unit surface. Illumination is directly proportional to the light intensity of the light source.

Lamps are sources of insufficient illumination of the working area of ​​the financier. The company "Bersh" used a system of general lighting, with diffused and predominantly reflected light.
The general lighting system is provided by ceiling lights, installed mainly in the center of the ceiling.
Number of ceiling lights - 6 pcs.
The analyzed factor is evaluated by three indicators:
- illumination of working surfaces, measured in lux (lx);
- indicator of discomfort M;
- coefficient of pulsation of illumination Kp, measured in%.
The actual illumination at the workplace of the financier is 200 lux.
According to SNiP 23-05-95 “Design standards. Natural and artificial lighting "characteristic of the financier's visual work belongs to the III category of high-precision work with the smallest size of the object of distinction in letters 0.30 to 0.50 mm, sub-class D, the contrast of the object with the background is medium, the background is light.

Table 5.3 - Normalized indicators of artificial lighting in public buildings

Premises	Discharge	Working surface and normalization plane of KEO and illumination (G - horizontal, V - vertical) and the height of the plane above the floor, m	artificial lighting
			Illumination, lx			Indicator discomfort M, no more	Coefficient ripple illumination, Kp, % no more
			With combined lighting		In general lighting
			Total	from the total
Cabinets, workrooms, offices, representative offices	??	G-0.8	1000	200	300	20	10
	???	G-0.8	400	200	200	40	15

Too low a light level can provoke visual strain and headaches. Headache occurs due to pulsations of the light flux of discharge lamps. Sometimes flickering light can cause increased fatigue.
Reducing such consequences and increasing labor productivity is possible due to proper lighting.
Since the room is without natural light, the main measure to reduce the OVPF is to increase the illumination of the working surface created by the lamps by one step, i.e. with??? rank on ??. Thus, the normative indicator of illumination should be 300 lux, while industrial lighting should be uniform and stable, have the correct direction of the light flux, exclude blinding light, the formation of sharp shadows and glare on monitor screens.
It is necessary to use localized placement of luminaires, i.e. their installation in the immediate vicinity of the lighting object or directly above it, or near the equipment (for example, a lamp directly near the financier's working area). Such an arrangement of luminescent lamps around the perimeter and in the center of the room will help to achieve uniformity of diffused lighting.
To ensure the possibility of performing intense visual work, a combined lighting system is proposed. In addition to the general lighting of work surfaces and individual objects, install local lighting fixtures that perform the functions of illuminating the working surface of the financier.
An additional measure to improve illumination is the replacement of fluorescent lamps that have served their time.

5.1.4 Measures to ensure fire safety

Bersh LLC provides for measures to ensure fire safety. Firstly, a system of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation of buildings (smoke ventilation) was installed, which ensures the safe evacuation of employees from the building in the event of a fire in one of the premises. For exhaust smoke ventilation systems, the following are provided:
a) fans, depending on the calculated temperature of the gases being transported;
b) air ducts and channels;
c) smoke dampers with automatically and remotely controlled drives.
Secondly, the enterprise uses powder fire extinguishing installations provided by systems with mechanical stimulation from the lower and upper zones of the premises with compensation for the amount of gases and smoke removed by the supply air. To remove gases and smoke after the operation of automatic powder fire extinguishing installations, main and emergency ventilation systems are used.

Thirdly, the office space is provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment. The required number of fire extinguishers in the protected room is calculated depending on their fire extinguishing capacity, maximum area, fire class of combustible substances and materials, as well as taking into account the climatic conditions of the building. Class A hand-held fire extinguishers are installed in the Bersh office for fires of solid substances, mainly of organic origin, the combustion of which is accompanied by smoldering (wood, textiles, paper).
Fourthly, a fire warning system is used, which ensures, in accordance with evacuation plans, the transmission of warning signals simultaneously throughout the building.
Additional fire protection measures are:

Plans for evacuation of people in case of fire.
Placement of signs indicating the telephone number for calling the fire brigade in all administrative, service and auxiliary premises
An administrative document has been drawn up, in which the fire danger regime is established:

- designated and equipped smoking areas;

The order of inspection and closing of premises after the end of work;
- actions of employees upon detection of a fire;
- the procedure and terms for passing fire-fighting briefings and classes on the fire-technical minimum, as well as those responsible for their conduct.

The use of three-dimensional self-luminous fire safety signs with autonomous power supply and from the mains, used on evacuation routes (light indicators "Exit").

5.2 Designing the ventilation system

Normalization of the air environment of industrial premises, i.е. removal of harmful impurities, excess heat and moisture is carried out using a ventilation system. The task of ventilation is to ensure the purity of air and the specified microclimatic conditions in industrial premises. Ventilation is achieved by removing polluted or heated air from the room and supplying fresh air to it. Thus, to ensure

For the quality of the air environment, it is necessary to choose the right ventilation system by calculating the air exchange rate - a number showing how many times an hour the air in the room is completely replaced.
The air exchange rate is determined by the formula:

K=L F /V , (5.1)

where LФ - actual air exchange, m 3 / h,
V- the volume of the room, m 3.
According to the standards ASHRAE, DIN 1946, recognized throughout the world, the air exchange rate for office premises should be from 3-8 1/h.
Actual air exchange is the amount of air that actually enters (removes) during an hour.
When determining the required air exchange to remove excess heat, you must first determine the amount of heat generated in the room. As previously defined, heat generation can come from 3 sources.

Heat release from artificial lighting is taken equal to 1 lux of illumination when using fluorescent lamps - 0.21 kJ / h per 1 m 2 of floor area.

Calculation:
Q OSV =0.21 120 m 2 300 lux = 7560 kJ/h

The amount of heat emitted by people depends on the meteorological conditions in the room and the severity of the work performed.

The work of a financier in terms of severity belongs to the class of light work - I a, i.e. work performed while sitting and accompanied by a slight voltage, with energy consumption up to 139 watts.
The total amount of heat generated by people when calculating the heat load on the air conditioner is determined by the formula:

Q P I = q P I ? n , kJ/h (5.2)

where q p i - heat release by one person in terms of total heat, taking into account the latent heat of evaporation of water vapor kJ / h;
n is the number of people in the room.
Calculation:
During the warm season, at temperatures indoors 27 o C q p i \u003d 0.12 kJ / h.
n= 8 people
Q P I = q P I ? n = 0.12 8 = 0.96 kJ/h

The heat flux entering the room from solar radiation is not calculated, since there is no glazing in the room.

Calculate the excess heat in the room using the formula:

Q hut = Q OSV +Q P I (5.3)

Q hut = 7560+0.96 = 7560.96 kJ/h
Calculate the general ventilation with the release of excess heat according to the formula:
(5.4)

where Q izb - excess heat in the room;
c is the heat capacity of air per unit volume;
r - air density.
Excess heat during ventilation Q[J] is spent on heating the incoming air (temperature change from t = t prith up to t = t you are t)
The extract air temperature is determined by the formula:

t you are t = t rz + D t ? (H-2),
where H is the height of the air conditioner,
D t= 0.5...1 0 C/m - temperature gradient in height.
t rz- temperature in the working area, i.e. in a volume of space, 2 m high above the floor or work platform.
Calculation:
D t \u003d 1 o C / m
t rz \u003d 27 ° C
H = 3.00 m
t vyt \u003d 27 + 1 (3-2) \u003d 28 o C
Q hut = 7561.056 kJ/h
c \u003d 1.2 kJ / (m 3 . o C)
r \u003d 1.29 kg / m 3
t prit \u003d 24 ° C

Calculate the air exchange rate according to the data obtained:
V = a b h
V \u003d 12 10 3 \u003d 360 m 3
K = 1221.1/360 = 3.4
To normalize the air exchange in the room and remove excess heat, based on the frequency of air exchange, the characteristics of the room, the number of employees and equipment working in the office, it is proposed to install a General AUG25U cassette air conditioner.
The cassette conditioner is mounted in a false ceiling. Accordingly, the lower part of such an air conditioner has the size of a standard ceiling tile - 600 x 600 mm and is closed with a decorative grille with distribution shutters (Figure 5.2).


Figure 5.2 - Cassette air conditioner General AUG25U
The main advantage of a cassette air conditioner is its invisibility, since only the decorative grille is visible. Another advantage is the uniform distribution of the air flow in four directions, which allows using one cassette air conditioner to cool a large
premises. The new design of the front panel of General FourWay Ultra series cassette air conditioners allows you to install the device in rooms with a small distance between the ceilings.
etc.................

Separately, it is necessary to say about the organization of maintenance and cleaning of the workplace. The fact is that the cleaning of the premises, the maintenance of the building in the normal state does not occur according to plan, but spontaneously, that is, there is no cleaning regulation.
Next, consider the organization of service objects of labor. Documentation comes to the accountant at the workplace is not regulated, but in the course of its accumulation from the director. In turn, the return of processed documentation often occurs at the wrong time.

Next, consider the existing organization of maintenance of the director's workplace. It is also a limited space with all the necessary tools and tools located on it.

This workplace includes basic technological equipment, working documentation, organizational equipment, etc. Technological equipment includes: a personal computer, a copier, a paper shredder, and a paper laminating machine. Work documentation includes reference books, instructions (both on paper and electronic media), manuals, personal files of employees. The organizational equipment includes: a table, 2 chairs, a wardrobe, shelves and racks. Office supplies are technological equipment. At this workplace, there are both general lighting facilities and local ones in the form of table lamps. Also, the director's workplace is equipped with a telephone-fax, which can be classified as a means of communication. For accounting and sorting documents at the workplace of the director there are folders-folders, which by their purpose belong to the working container. To maintain a favorable microclimate at the workplace, there is an air conditioner, and in winter, an oil cooler additional to the main heating. The objects of aestheticization in the workplace include blinds, flower girls, paintings on the walls. Items for the care of the workplace, such as rags, brooms, scoops, buckets, are not available at this workplace.

Consideration of the existing maintenance of this workplace, it is advisable to start with a consideration of the maintenance of labor tools. In general, this service coincides with the service that exists at the workplace of an accountant-economist, but there are a number of differences, the main of which is that the power supply of the workrooms of the manager and the accountant-economist is fully regulated from the manager’s office, since it is in his office that there is an electric switchboard, therefore, until the director arrives at his workplace, the work of an accountant-economist cannot be carried out.

Of the features of servicing objects of labor, one can single out the fact that work on completing documentation, compiling a report on accumulated documents is often not done on time, that is, not regulated.

The employee service at this workplace is generally in good condition, but some shortcomings should be noted. Firstly, the enterprise as a whole lacks public catering, which leads to the loss of working time, which is spent on cooking. Secondly, the lack of the required number of clothes hangers, which leads to cluttering up the work area.

Consider the workplace of a storekeeper. There are two employees at this workplace. This workplace is a limited space for warehouse work. Due to the peculiarities of this workplace, it lacks the main technological equipment, which is due to the fact that the warehouse workers use only their muscular strength and do not use additional funds. Organizational equipment includes shelves for goods and a wardrobe. Documentation for the arrival and departure of goods can be referred to working documentation. Household tools for caring for the workplace include brushes, dustpans, brooms, trash cans. There is a common light source at this workplace.

Chapter 3. Improving the planning and equipping of workplaces.

3.1. Rationalization of techniques, actions, movement and methods of work of employees

Familiarization with the system of organization of workplace services existing in SEC "Russia" revealed a number of shortcomings, the elimination of which would allow the enterprise to improve working conditions and save money.

We will start developing measures to improve the organization of workplace services from the workplace of an accountant-economist:

1. At this workplace there is a light source, which is clearly not enough for the normal work process of an accountant. In this regard, it is necessary to increase the power of the lamps or increase their number.

2. At this workplace, it is necessary to increase the number of aesthetics. It is necessary to equip it with means of protection from direct sunlight - they can be curtains, curtains, blinds.

3. Since there are no housekeeping equipment for the care of the premises at this workplace, it is necessary to equip it with them. First of all, you need to equip the workplace with brooms and dustpans for intermediate cleaning, as well as floor rags, buckets and brushes. It is also necessary to establish the rules of economic maintenance of the workplace.

4. Interruptions in the supply of the workplace with all the necessary stationery were also found, which often leads to delays in work. It is necessary to establish both a physical service rate and a strict service schedule.

5. The work furniture of the accountant's workplace does not meet the standards, as the employee makes a lot of effort to work on it. It is necessary to measure the proportions of the performer and select the appropriate work furniture for them.

6. This workplace contains some excess organizational equipment, in particular, work furniture. Due to the fact that in the office of an accountant-economist there is not only his personal working furniture, but also currently not functioning, it is necessary to free the office from excess furniture, which occupies a significant space and reduces the working area and makes it difficult for the employee to move around the workplace .

7. There is no working container at this place, which would serve for storing and arranging objects of labor - various documentation. It is necessary to provide the workplace of an accountant-economist with a working container such as folders-folders, which would be equipped with visual identification means, such as marking or information inserts.

8. Since the employee needs to have a document both on paper and in digital form, that is, in a computer, his workplace must be equipped with a scanner.

9. Due to the fact that natural ventilation at this workplace does not provide the proper microclimate, it is necessary to install a device for mechanical air ventilation (air conditioner or fan).

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10. This workplace lacks all the necessary working documentation and reference literature. Therefore, it is necessary to equip this workplace with all the missing reference and documentation literature.

11. Repair of computer equipment, in case of its failure, is carried out by specialists from different computer companies. It is necessary to clearly assign to any firm the repair of computer equipment.

12. Interrepair maintenance of the main technological equipment (computer and copying equipment) is absent. It is necessary to develop and implement a clear regulation of such services and assign its implementation to specific specialists.

13. At this workplace, the time for cooking, eating and rest is chosen by the employee arbitrarily. In this regard, it is necessary to establish clear rules for breaks and meals.