State support of small business in the Russian Federation. Subsidies for small and medium-sized businesses as state support for entrepreneurship. Government support for small businesses in Russia

This is a source of jobs that contributes to the development of a certain region and the growth of competition in the market. But such an enterprise needs help to stay afloat until the first profits are made.

Support for small business and entrepreneurship - a set of measures to create optimal conditions for the development and stabilization of small enterprises. It includes not only monetary assistance, but also a number of other activities.

There are federal and regional programs support for small business. The measures and requirements implemented in the federal program are determined by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia for a certain year.

The order is created on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, on the basis of the Federal Law №209-FZ, Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The federal program operates throughout Russia, and it is also a model for creating regional programs for each subject of the Russian Federation. The regional plan is created on average for 5 years.

What forms of small business support exist in Russia

Subsidizing;
Education;
Providing preferential loans;
Free participation in exhibitions and fairs;
Free consultations;
Rent of premises and land.

Education

Regional Business Development Funds organize lectures, trainings, meetings on the basics of entrepreneurship. Anyone can come to class by appointment.

Lectures are aimed at start-up entrepreneurs, they cover the main issues of planning, taxation, attention is paid to ways to expand the business, attract buyers and other relevant topics.

Participation in exhibitions and fairs

One of the areas of business development plans is the organization of product exhibitions and fairs in various regions of Russia.

Expert advice

Advisory state support is provided on the basis of employment centers, divisions of the Federal Tax Service, business development funds.

Experts answer questions on taxation, accounting, planning activities, talk about the possibility of obtaining other types of state assistance.

Concessional lending

Issues of concessional lending are specified in federal law №209-FZ. Loans are provided by SME Bank JSC, partner banks and other organizations.

Before contacting a bank, you need to become a small or medium-sized business, correctly determine the type of requested services (microloan, credit, leasing services, etc.) and contact a regional partner bank or a support infrastructure organization with a package of documents.

Documents are collected in accordance with the requirements of the organization from which the loan is requested. After submitting the documents, the bank checks the organization's compliance with the selection criteria and makes a decision on granting a loan.

Loans not provided the following organizations:

insurance companies, investment and non-state pension funds, pawnshops, stock brokers;
gambling business representatives;
enterprises engaged in the sale or production of excisable goods specified in Article 181 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
enterprises extracting minerals;
non-residents of the Russian Federation.

Rental of premises and land

After receiving the money, you must submit a monthly report on the funds spent. The money must be spent within a year, otherwise the balance will have to be returned. More information about state programs in a particular subject of the Russian Federation can be found on the websites of your region.

It's no secret that the presence of a well-developed small and medium business provides a number of undeniable advantages for the country's economy. This is the creation of new jobs and self-employment of the population. In addition, it is an increase in taxes and an increase in gross domestic product. The development of small business is an improvement in the quality of life of the population of the country, because small enterprises can most quickly adapt to changes in requirements modern market. It is for this purpose that the government has developed programs for small businesses. It is much easier to start a business with state support, however, not all young entrepreneurs are familiar with the intricacies of obtaining it.

Small Business Development Program in Russia

The strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia until 2020 states that assistance to medium and small businesses is one of the main elements of the state's economic policy. According to experts, such measures should promote the development of healthy competition and give citizens the opportunity to improve their financial situation. In addition to existing forms of subsidies in new concept Qualitatively new types of state support for small businesses have been adopted, aimed at stimulating the growth in the number of entities entrepreneurial activity, as well as a change in their sectoral structure. Among the new goals of the state development strategy, one can see the following:

reduction of bureaucratic red tape when registering a business and its development;
simplification of the taxation system for small businesses;
reduction in the number of products subject to certification;
improving the efficiency of state regulation in the field of licensing;
the possibility of using various sources of funding.

Regional Business Support Program

Along with the state, there are also regional measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. Such assistance, in particular, can be expressed in the creation of business incubators, venture and guarantee funds, as well as in additional stimulation of enterprises whose activities are export-oriented. In addition, the regions are also adopting comprehensive programs to stimulate entrepreneurial activity, under which funds are allocated for:

development of leasing purchase of equipment;
support for businesses involved in innovative activities;
creation of industrial and technoparks;
improving the energy efficiency of enterprises;
development and support of startups;
creation of various guarantee funds;
introduction of advanced training programs for young entrepreneurs, assistance in starting a business.

Conditions for granting subsidies

All forms of state support for small businesses are one-time state aid, which should be used to implement a specific task within the framework of the enterprise. It will not be necessary to return such assistance in the future, however, the state will control the targeted spending of funds.

In order to receive financial support from the state, an enterprise must meet several criteria:

be officially registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (information must be contained in the state register);
have a properly drawn up business plan, which indicates specific areas for spending subsidized funds;
the owner of the enterprise must be a citizen of Russia, and with equity participation, a resident of the Russian Federation must own at least 51% of the total authorized capital.

Apply for state subsidy enterprises operating in the field cannot:

insurance;
provision of banking or other credit services;
release and sale of excisable goods;
gambling business;
mining;
securities market.

Who can apply

In addition to the conditions listed above, state support for small businesses provides for compliance with some more conditions for receiving subsidies for development:

at the time of filing the documents, the company must be registered less than 2 years ago;
the total number of employees cannot exceed 250 people;
with a share participation, the share of state and municipal partners in the authorized capital cannot exceed 25%;
complete absence of tax debt is mandatory;
income for the previous 12 months cannot exceed 1 billion rubles.

If a business entity meets all of the above criteria and wishes to receive a subsidy, it must submit an application to a regional institution for supporting small and medium-sized businesses before October 1 of the current year.

What will the money be given

In addition to the fact that state support for small and medium-sized businesses, as we have already found out, can not be provided to all enterprises, it will also not work to spend it in any way. There are certain parameters for this. So, you can spend the subsidy:

for the purchase, modernization and repair of fixed assets;
to hire new employees or improve the working conditions of existing ones;
to purchase, update and install licensed software;
on the rent for the use of industrial and office premises;
for investment Money in raw materials and supplies.

If you are just thinking about starting your own business, and have not yet decided on the direction, then you should know that the priorities for allocating state subsidies are:

utility services, transport services and construction;
any production (except for excisable goods);
public service sector;
youth support and development programs;
innovative developments;
development of the social sphere - sports, culture, education;
the revival of crafts and the original culture of the peoples.

If you nevertheless decide to engage in trade, then state support for the development of small businesses, most likely, “does not shine” for you, although, of course, it is worth trying. To increase your chances, try to target your products to socially unprotected segments of the population - low-income families, the disabled, pensioners, and so on. Highlight the work with these categories in a separate line in your business plan.

How to get a grant

So, how to get government support for small businesses? There are two ways - it all depends on what kind of help you want to receive: to open a new business or to develop an existing young enterprise. In the first case, you have a direct road to the employment center, and in the second case, you need to contact the investment department. Before applying, you need to carefully study the procedure for submitting documents and stock up on all the necessary papers.

Employment Center

State support for small businesses for a beginner begins with registration with the employment service and obtaining the status of unemployed. It is best to contact this institution in advance and get comprehensive advice on the preparation of the necessary documents, as well as the amount and procedure for paying compensation due. However, you can skip this step and prepare the documents yourself. You will need originals and copies of:

passports;
work book (if available);
diploma;
income statements if you were previously officially employed;
certificates of marriage or its dissolution, if there was a change of surname.

Having prepared everything you need, go to registration. Immediately notify the inspector of your intention to receive a subsidy for opening an IP. This will help not to waste time looking for suitable vacancies, but go straight to the development of a business plan, which will later have to be defended before the commission. Based on the results of the defense of the BP, a decision will be made to allocate a subsidy in the amount of 58,800 rubles, to compensate for the costs of registering an individual entrepreneur, or to refuse state support. If the latter happened and you were refused, do not be discouraged, the number of attempts is not limited by law. Just write another business plan and go through the process again.

Department

If your business is already running, you should consider getting some money to grow it. State support for small businesses in this case is carried out by the investment department. To take advantage of the subsidy, regional office need to cook:

certificate of registration of a legal entity or FLP;
copies of statutory documents;
a certificate from the employment center on the completion of entrepreneurship training;
certificates of the absence of debts on taxes and fees from the Social Insurance Fund, the tax service and other organizations;
a certificate stating that the company is not at the stage of liquidation;
a document stating that more than 6 months have passed since the registration of the enterprise;
a document confirming that no criminal or administrative proceedings have been opened against this organization;
passport (original and copy);
the original and a copy of the power of attorney, if the documents are not submitted by the owner;
business plan;
application for a grant;
bank statement on opening a current account.

Provision procedure

After the entire package of documents is collected, it is submitted to the executive committee. It is best to do this in person, through the office or with the help of an employment service curator.

Consideration and adoption of documents must be completed within seven days, after which a decision will be made. If you are denied, we go through the whole procedure from the beginning. If the commission makes a positive decision, your business plan is transferred to the next instance, where it is also considered and approved.

The law establishes that the meeting of the commissions takes place as business plans are received and accumulated, so obtaining a subsidy can be quite delayed. Usually, the date of the next meeting of the commission is indicated on the official website of the investment department.

As you can see, state support for small businesses is not an easy and rather troublesome business, but it is still worth doing it - if you have a high-quality business plan, the chances of getting money for development are quite high.

According to statistical studies, 70% of people who want to start their own own business, do not advance beyond conversations.

And only 30% of the population have such serious intentions that they are ready to devote all their time to the development of a certain activity.

Importance of small business for the country

The development of the state economy largely depends on small business, since:

It is an important sector of the economy. These subjects tolerate external changes more easily. The general economic downturn in Russia in the early 1990s was offset precisely by such enterprises and their ability to quickly adapt to new market conditions. State institutions were unable to cope with competition, as a result of which they collapsed or were subjected to privatization.
Small business is the main source of tax deductions. Small companies form budgets of different levels. They pay taxes to the budget, create jobs, provide the population with an opportunity to earn. By the way, this group of taxpayers is more reliable than representatives of big business.
Small businesses develop innovative technologies. Some organizations are interested in the development of new scientific and technological inventions. Such activities are welcomed by the state, so entrepreneurs can count on subsidies and additional subsidies.
They provide employment for people, which has a positive effect on the unemployment rate. A small number of employees contributes to team cohesion, which is not always observed in large enterprises. This increases labor motivation and improves work results. No less important is the fact that socially unstable segments of the population, namely: youth, women, immigrants, etc., can apply for employment. It is here that you can get the necessary experience, climb the career ladder and self-realization.

The main problems of entrepreneurs

An absolutely natural reaction of a person who has decided to engage in any new type of activity is fear. Just as a small child is afraid to take the first step, an adult is afraid of the unknown. Of course, it is impossible to completely get rid of fear, but it is necessary to reduce its boundaries. To do this, it is worth talking with a more successful entrepreneur, gaining experience from him.

Every person expects to receive good income. The main problem of many novice businessmen is the search for a money niche.

It is much more correct to devote oneself to the area in which a person has certain knowledge, skills and abilities, and in which he has an interest.

After determining a suitable niche, you need to think about where to start and which direction is the most correct. Of course, it will not be possible to complete everything without errors, but a thorough analysis is half the success.

After the start of the activity, various questions begin to appear related to choosing the best, determining the optimal cost, attracting additional finance and their proper distribution. Communication with a successful businessman can solve problems.

Every entrepreneur must learn the "Pareto principle": 20% of actions lead to 80% of the result.

Consequently, only 20% are primary and important, and the remaining 80 cannot be called particularly significant. In general, all your efforts should be directed only to those actions that lead to results.

Another problem for novice businessmen is the lack of discipline. Before opening your own business, you need to make sure of your own burning desire, otherwise success is unlikely to be achieved.

What is the support?

Any developing project needs investments that can be asked from the state.

So, the government of Moscow is ready to provide half a million rubles to the newly opened business. This type of subsidy is a gratuitous provision of funds from the city budget to a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, which partially or fully reimburses the businessman's expenses.

Small and medium-sized companies that were registered no more than 2 years ago can apply for this subsidy to the Moscow government.

Financial support can be spent:

for the acquisition of the necessary funds for the conduct of activities;
for the arrangement and equipment of workplaces;
for the purchase of raw materials and necessary materials(no more than 30% of the total amount);
payment of rent payments.

Financial assistance from the state is provided in accordance with the following main condition: the bulk of the funds received must be spent on the needs of the company.

Types of subsidies and grants

In order to receive state subsidies, a novice entrepreneur must consistently perform the following steps:

Register with the job center.
Collect and provide the necessary package of documents confirming.
Submit a business plan to the employment agent detailing the goals that require government support.

This help granted once and only if the employment center has not coped with the selection of a suitable workplace for a person. The amount of the subsidy is equal to the amount of the annual unemployment benefit.

Another way to get help is to submit documents to the authorities local government according to place of residence. The amount of support here is much larger, however, it is more difficult to get it - the competition is higher.

Federal subsidies are provided by the Fund for Assistance to Small Businesses in Science and Technology. The most beneficial programs include:

"Start". Any company that has been on the market for no more than 2 years and has not yet sold its product has the right to apply for participation (annual revenue should not exceed 0.3 million rubles). Research and development activities can be financed with a maximum of 6 million rubles. for 3 years.
The program is provided for several areas: biotechnology, innovative medicine, IT, development of innovative equipment and materials. After the entire amount of the subsidy has been paid, the annual revenue must increase to the amount of the assistance provided, and employees with a main place of work in the enterprise must be at least half of the total number of workers.
"Development". This program is intended for companies that form their own niche, have their own history scientific work and a certain level of cash flow. The program allows you to receive up to 15 million rubles, but not more than the amount of personal funds invested in activities. The assistance is aimed at increasing revenue and profitability.

Departmental programs include:

Two programs for the agricultural sector aimed at supporting farmers and developing livestock. Such grants can be spent on the construction of livestock farms, the purchase of animals, and the improvement of everyday life.
A program that seeks to support organizations engaged in high-tech manufacturing, as well as introducing science into various business processes. For allocation of funds, please contact the Ministry of Education.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade is responsible for the development of folk crafts. With state aid, it is possible to purchase raw materials, organize logistics and significantly advance the fishery. Enterprises that are not included in the list of organizations engaged in folk craft, which is supported at the expense of federal funds, cannot count on funding.

Within the framework of regional programs, a company that owes nothing to the state can count on the following assistance:

Subsidies for starting your own business. Anyone can apply for support entity or an individual entrepreneur who registered no more than 1 year ago. In Moscow, up to 500 thousand rubles are allocated, in the regions - up to 300 thousand. An increased subsidy can be issued to enterprises engaged in innovative activities. You can spend money on the acquisition of fixed assets, paying rent, providing jobs and purchasing raw materials.
Subsidies for the acquisition of fixed assets on lease. Each individual region has its own rules for issuing this amount: either for making a down payment, or for the full repayment of leasing debt, or for both purposes. The amount of assistance varies from 300 thousand to 10 million rubles. (the final amount depends on the cost of fixed assets).
Loan subsidies. Such assistance does not provide compensation for the body of the loan, its subject is part of the interest for the use of credit money.
Subsidies for participation in exhibitions- the region compensates the enterprise for the money spent on participation in such an event.

Many nuances various forms support are disassembled in the following video:

Where and how to seek help from the state?

Small businesses that need financial assistance must take part in a competitive selection. He needs not only to collect a package of statutory and registration documents, but also carefully fill out a special application, the information of which will be the basis for the selection of program participants.

Each significant criterion earns a certain score. Based on the results obtained, the most worthy candidate, who deserves the support of the state, is selected.

The main evaluation criteria include:

the number of jobs created;
efficiency for the budget (the amount of taxes and fees);
social level of business;
a number of other specific parameters.

A business start-up should be sure to provide a carefully crafted business plan with detailed information about the goals of obtaining support, basic costs, payback period and profitability.

In addition, an entrepreneur can apply for help to local governments, although the competitive basis here is much more pronounced, since many people want to get help, but the state cannot invest in everyone.

Latest innovations

Based on the current trends, we can safely say that there will be even more government programs aimed at supporting business. This area of the economy is considered the highest priority, so it is beneficial for the state to expand and enlarge it.

Several new solutions are aimed at the tax industry, labor relations, business insurance and the work of credit institutions.

The economic situation in the country is such that the state is forced to keep small entrepreneurs with a guaranteed demand for their goods and services. So, for example, a certain percentage of state purchases is legally established. institutions of goods from small businesses.

In accordance with the presidential decree, it is planned to form a state corporation for the development of small businesses. The Agency for Credit Guarantees should form the basis of this organization. the main task corporations - the formation of a stable and long-term demand for goods offered by representatives of this class of entrepreneurship.

In addition, the Ministry of Economic Development was instructed to develop a strategy aimed at developing a medium-sized business. The duration of this program is 15 years. In August 2015, only the first stage was completed. If successfully implemented, by 2030 small and medium-sized entrepreneurs will about 45% of the state's GDP instead of today's 21%.

Business development is one of the highest priority government tasks. After all, business is the basis of budgeting. From this article you will learn what the essence of the small business support program is, how to get a subsidy and what are the conditions for receiving a subsidy in 2019

The economic instability in Russia, which has been observed for more than a year, has deprived many citizens of jobs and decent wages. An alternative for this category of the population has become a small and medium business. However, due to lack of funds, the majority is not able to start their own business. That is why the state decided to issue subsidies for starting and supporting small businesses in 2019.

What is the subsidization of individual entrepreneurs?

A subsidy is a type of monetary non-refundable assistance for business entities, which is issued for the intended use (business).

Assistance to small businesses can be allocated for the following purposes:

acquisition of premises;
purchase of equipment, goods for subsequent sale;
purchases of intangible assets.

The allocated funds must be directed to the development of small and medium-sized businesses. State bodies later they will be able to request official supporting documents from the recipient, for example, checks, invoices with a specified amount. If the funds were not fully spent, the rest will need to be returned.

Types of financial assistance and conditions for supporting small businesses

Grants for entrepreneurs who are just starting a business, amount to 60,000 rubles or 12 monthly allowances. Small Business Support Grants are available to individuals who have been registered as SPEs for more than 2 years. Funds are issued on a competitive basis with the aim of directing them to business needs, except for renting premises and paying salaries to hired workers. The grant is also issued to unemployed persons, low-income families with young children, disabled children, former employees government or military service.

To purchase fixed assets– the state program to support small businesses in 2019 guarantees the issuance of up to 60,000 rubles for entrepreneurship, which in the future will increase the number of jobs, tax revenues to the federal budget, increase social significance small business.

Private entrepreneurs in the industrial, housing and communal, economic, social spheres who:

prepare and defend a business development project;
will provide a full package of documents at the request of the commission.

Cash subsidies for business from the Employment Center 2019- the state offers up to 25,000 rubles for opening a small private business.

Compensation of loans previously received for the development of small and medium-sized businesses– the 2019 program was proposed by the Russian Government for financial and property support.

To cover part of the interest rate, the entrepreneur provides a business plan, Required documents, after which a decision is made on the allocation of financial assistance to this person.
Financial state support to socially unprotected categories of the population(released from places of detention, the disabled, single mothers and fathers, graduates of boarding schools, etc.) - the program provides for the issuance of a subsidy in 2019 up to 300,000 rubles to support planned measures to stabilize and develop entrepreneurship.

Training and internships at the expense of public funds, professional retraining(can be issued with full or partial coverage of expenses).

Business incubators (usually based on Small Business Support Funds)– assistance in expanding the area of the working area (rental of premises, warehouses, etc.), training in the basics of entrepreneurship, assistance in drawing up a business plan according to the model for obtaining a subsidy.

Assistance in bookkeeping and tax accounting free of charge (outsourcing).

Development assistance innovative technologies 2019 - the state allocates funds to cover the costs of promoting a new product, acquiring a patent and licensing rights for it (maximum 60,000 rubles).

Is it possible to get a subsidy to support small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and where?

In Russia, the state is offered. financing individual entrepreneurs in special centers and business support funds, as well as in the Employment Center.

Getting Help at the Employment Center

To receive financial assistance, officially unemployed persons must register with the Employment Center and fill out a standard questionnaire according to the model.
You will also need to provide the following documents:

passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation indicating the place of registration;

TIN of the established form;

document on secondary or higher education;

a certificate for the last six months indicating the average salary (for persons who were previously employed);

other documents (at the request of the inspector).

After the documents are submitted by the employees of the service, they will be offered the option of receiving one-time (non-refundable) assistance to start their own business. It is best to take entrepreneurship courses first, draw up a correct business plan and submit it for review by the commission.

With a positive decision, you will need to register with the Tax Inspectorate as an entrepreneur, on the basis of which assistance will be transferred to the unemployed.

State subsidy for starting a business 2019: what is needed?

Select the type of activity you plan to do.

Write a business plan for the grant.

Register as an IP.

Apply to the state body that provides subsidies to small businesses.

Confirm the need to receive payments.

Make up the approximate costs of opening and developing a business, provide for review by the commission.

Collect a package of documents necessary for obtaining a subsidy (passport, TIN, income statement, etc.).

Within 60 days, the commission makes a decision to provide a subsidy as a way to support small businesses by the state, about which the entrepreneur is notified by mail and by telephone.

Details of subsidy programs can be found on the website of the portal of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Social Policy.

In 2019, the system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses has become more advanced, which makes it possible to allocate assistance different layers population for any activity.

Having decided to start a business, the future entrepreneur will face a number of difficulties. Lack of knowledge and the necessary capital can become serious problems on the way to achieving the goal. The government wants to help citizens. Today there are a number of programs and other forms of assistance aimed at supporting entrepreneurs.

Significance for entrepreneurs of state support for small and medium-sized businesses

The Government of the Russian Federation has adopted a program of social and economic development of the country until 2020. It reflects the features of providing assistance to small and medium-sized businesses. The use of forms of assistance is aimed at creating healthy competition, as well as improving the general standard of living of the population.

Providing government support makes it easier to start your business from scratch. When creating a company, an entrepreneur faces a lack of funds and information. Modern forms of assistance can help out in this situation. However, state support is not always enough for a successful start. To date, work is underway to modernize the sphere and introduce innovative developments into it.

Assistance to entrepreneurs is provided within the framework of federal programs. There are also regional projects. Events held within the framework of federal programs, as well as requirements for participation in them, are established by order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. It is created on the basis of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, Federal Law No. 209. The programs provide the following forms of support:

Providing subsidies. In a number of situations, the state provides financial assistance on a gratuitous basis. However, the entrepreneur must meet the requirements for program participants. The amount of the subsidy can reach up to 300,000 rubles. The decision to grant it is made after analyzing the business plan.
Rendering free consultations . Events are held on the basis of employment centers, the Federal Tax Service or Business Development Funds. Employees of institutions are ready to answer the entrepreneur's question related to taxation, accounting, planning and other areas related to interaction with government agencies.
Business training. Regional business development funds periodically conduct trainings and lectures. They are aimed at helping start-up entrepreneurs. Anyone can visit them. However, pre-registration is required.
Provision of land and premises for rent on preferential terms. An entrepreneur can receive a plot of land or real estate for temporary use. This allows you to save on the purchase of your own premises from private individuals.
Issuance of preferential loans. Today there are a number of programs that allow you to get to start and develop your business at a low interest rate.
Admission to participation in exhibitions and fairs free of charge. Placement of products on free trading floors will reduce the cost of advertising campaign.

The use of available forms of government support makes it easier to start your business from scratch.

Expert opinion from the federal electronic platform RTS-tender

The strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia until 2020 states that the development of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the main priorities of the economy. State support measures have the main goal - to ensure the development of SMEs as one of the most important elements of a market economy. As part of the implementation of this strategy, state support is enshrined at the legislative level.

How to get ggovernment support for SMEs?

In particular, the Law on the contract system (44-FZ) obliges customers to purchase from small businesses in the amount of at least 15% of the total annual volume of purchases.

On January 4, 2017, a new rule came into force in the framework of public procurement: customers are required to set the percentage of involvement of SME subcontractors in the execution of contracts - at least 5%.

From May 1, 2017, amendments came into force providing that if the customer conducts a purchase with a restriction - only for SMEs - then the deadline for settlements with such a supplier should not exceed 15 days from the date of signing the acceptance certificate by the customer. Previously, this period was 30 days from the date of signing the acceptance certificate by the customer.

Since August 2016, the Federal Tax Service has put into commercial operation the Unified Register of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses. The register allows not only to systematize and make more transparent the scope of activities of entrepreneurs, but contains information that affects business reputation SMEs, for example, information about concluded contracts in accordance with Law No. 44-FZ or Law No. 223-FZ.

The second most important regulatory act regulating procurement activities is Law No. 223-FZ, which provides for the obligation of corporate customers to fulfill the mandatory quota for placing purchases from small and medium-sized businesses in the amount of 18%. At the same time, at least 10% of this quota should be sent by customers to entrepreneurs based on the results of purchases, the participants of which can only be small and medium-sized businesses.

Services for SMEs that make it easier to participate in public procurement

“Today, the RTS tender site has a comprehensive system of free services and solutions that simplify the participation of SME representatives in procurement. For example, electronic document management using electronic signature, service for participation in small volume purchases, free analytical reports, training seminars, legal support. In the one-window format, procurement participants can receive the financial products they need in one click: bank guarantees, tender loans, and others. Thanks to this, the share of SMEs in financial services transactions on the RTS tender platform is consistently above 90%,” notes Vladimir Lishenkov, CEO RTS tender.

Especially for representatives of small businesses, there are various free educational projects. So, within the framework of the all-Russian award "Business Success", organized by public organization Opora Rossii, in partnership with the RTS tender platform, conducts special master classes for entrepreneurs on existing tax preferences and state support programs, as well as an express course “I am a supplier”, where future procurement participants can gain theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to start work in the field of state and corporate orders.

Business development in Russia is highly controversial. Often, the ways to support entrepreneurship, enshrined in regulatory legal acts, are not implemented in practice. The main problems hindering the systematic provision of assistance by the state are:

lack of an effective legislative framework;
an increase in the tax burden;
bureaucratization of state institutions, which are entrusted with supervisory functions;
lack of a well-developed system of entrepreneurship financing;
the presence of economic problems (, rising prices in all areas of production).

The current situation has a negative impact on small and medium-sized businesses. However, the government is trying to remedy the situation. New forms of business support are periodically introduced.

The main directions of state support for small businesses

On June 14, 1995, Law No. 88-FZ was adopted. It was aimed at realizing the constitutional rights of citizens to freely use their abilities and property to conduct entrepreneurial activities. The law has become the basis for standardizing the regulatory environment that regulates the procedure for providing assistance to businesses. Today, state support is provided in the following areas:

creation regulatory framework to help and develop representatives of the business sector;
organizing the process of training personnel for small business;
formation and provision of social security in the business space;
creation of preferential conditions for the use of information, financial and other resources by entrepreneurship;
inclusion of representatives of the sphere in programs for conducting foreign economic activity.

To familiarize yourself with general provisions provision of state assistance, it is worth studying Law No. 88-FZ.

If a future entrepreneur wants to receive assistance from the state, he must prepare a business plan. Finished project must be submitted to the job center. The citizen must be registered as unemployed. The amount of the subsidy provided for the creation of a business is 58,800 rubles. The review period for a business plan can be up to 6 months.

Other documentation will also need to be prepared. A ready-made package of papers for receiving assistance from the state should include:

passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
education documents;
certificate of average wages for 3 months at the last place of employment;
SNILS.

Then the citizen must write an application with a request for a subsidy. If approved, the company must be registered. A person can create an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The choice of the form of ownership depends on the planned scale of the business. When the procedure is completed, a subsidy will be credited to the bank account. Funds can only be spent on purposes previously specified in the business plan. The citizen will have to report on what the capital was spent on.

Interesting fact! Despite the extensive list of documentation, the main paper is a business plan. Based on it, the employees of the institution will decide on the possibility of providing assistance in creating their company. For this reason, the drafting of the project should be approached carefully.

The money can also be used to pay off loans that were taken to start a business earlier. In addition, a loan with a reduced interest rate can be issued.

If an entrepreneur wants to get a loan to create or develop a business, he can use microfinance under the state program. To take out a loan for the development of his business, the owner of the company must visit a fund that specializes in supporting small businesses in a particular region. The loan is provided under the following conditions:

loan amount - 50,000-1,000,000 rubles;
refund period - 3-12 months;
overpayment amount - 10%.

Money is issued on bail, surety or bank guarantee. Entrepreneurs who have registered as an individual entrepreneur or have created an LLC can take advantage of the state program. Providing collateral will increase the likelihood of being issued positive decision by application.

You can also apply directly to the bank participating in the state program. In this case, the SME Support Fund will act as a guarantor. The procedure for obtaining a loan is as follows:

An entrepreneur applies to the SME Support Fund. The organization's specialists provide a list of banks participating in the program.
The entrepreneur gets acquainted with the list and chooses the most suitable institution.
The business owner recognizes the list necessary papers, fills out an application and takes the finished list of documentation to the bank.
The businessman is waiting for the decision of the credit institution. If the company agrees to lend money, it will be necessary to revisit the SME Support Fund and ask for a guarantee.

Money can also be received free of charge. The state is ready to provide a subsidy for business development. To use it, you need:

Register as unemployed.
Pass tests and then attend specialized entrepreneurship courses.
Prepare a business plan.
Register as an IP.
Open a bank account.

The money provided by the state has a strictly designated purpose. You will have to account for the money spent. In addition, the business owner must be prepared for sudden inspections.

The state seeks to provide assistance to individuals who decide to start their own business. Assistance is provided in accordance with the programs:

federal;
regional;
sectoral and intersectoral;
municipal.

The Government of the Russian Federation annually before the submission of the federal budget submits to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a draft federal program of state support for small business.

Financial provision of programs is carried out annually at the expense of budgets of different levels, as well as other sources. The amount of mandatory annual allocated funds is indicated in the expenditure side of the federal budget as a separate line on the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Interesting fact! Foreign experience showed that small business needs comprehensive support from the state. Aid must be sustained. In order for small and medium-sized businesses to feel comfortable, the policy should be directed towards supporting the sphere.

However, the industry is not yet as developed as in other countries. Most of the problems stem from a lack working capital. The state provides subsidies and grants loans on preferential terms. However, the amounts issued on a gratuitous basis are not enough, and it is problematic to get a loan at the stage of starting a company.

In countries with developed market economy Much attention is paid to business lending. For these purposes, the state creates special structures and funds:

Small Business Administration (USA);
Credit for medium and small firms (France);
Small Business Insurance Credit Corporation (Japan).

The government of the countries sets itself the task of maintaining and developing a competitive environment that encourages manufacturers to switch to more efficient technologies.

State structures foreign countries seek to ensure maximum legal protection of the interests of small and medium-sized businesses. For example, in the United States, a department of advocacy has been created in the structure of the Small Business Administration. Its head is appointed by the President and approved by the Congress. The head is accountable only to them.

Later, an arbitration division was created within the Small Business Administration. In various regions of the country, representatives of the structure hold hearings aimed at improving business efficiency. The department acts as a link between entrepreneurship and federal structures.

Interesting fact! More than 600,000 entrepreneurs register annually in the United States. However, already after 12 months, 500,000 of them close the established enterprises. The fact is that Americans are very mobile. Feeling that the company does not bring the expected profit, they close it and start doing business in another area.

Under the auspices of the same Administration, the Institute operates on the Internet. If an entrepreneur or student wants to start his own business, he can get free training and use information resources.

Today in Russia there are a large number of structures and forms created to support small businesses. However, a significant part of their functions remains unrealized. The reason is the imperfection of the business environment, especially in innovation sphere. Modernization of the current legislation and an increase in the volume of assistance provided may lead to a change in the current situation.

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