Which are the leader in production. Overview of Alcoa Inc. (Alcoa Inc.). The largest exporting countries of engineering products

The company is a world leader in the production of aircraft sensors. Management decided to expand professional sphere and enter the market of equipment for medical purposes. To begin with, a decision was made to acquire a small English company that manufactures equipment for the intensive care units of hospitals. The products of the new subsidiary, which is called Avico-Medicare, are the result of latest technologies and accordingly requires excellent quality, precision and reliability of all components and the final product. Currently, there is little competition in the market for such products, although both American and Japanese products have proven their quality and competitiveness. In the next five years, a sharp increase in demand for such products is possible.
The head of Avico-Medicare constantly researches the situation in the market together with the Director of Research and the Director of Sales. They write reports to CEO management company. Financial, marketing responsibilities, as well as recruitment, were taken over by representatives of the management company. Most of the employees (30 full-time, mostly male, and 20 part-time, all female) have been with the company for several years. Many who did not have qualifications were trained directly at the firm. The number of skilled workers is extremely small. Avico-Medicare is now in the center of England and has tripled in size. The new one is already working manufacturing facility, and plans to open a laboratory. A practically new city of five miles has been created. But most workers are not trained or only half trained. The management company agrees that the workers should study. But he insists on hiring experienced and qualified employees for key positions in production.

Questions
You are a Human Resources Manager who has just joined Avico-Medicare. You have worked in a management company for several years and know its system well. However, you were asked not to build on existing experience, but to propose new methods for developing staff. You need to consider the answers to the following questions: What payment system would be most appropriate for those who are studying? Should the payment be monthly or weekly? What perks should a company offer when recruiting production and R&D employees?
Make several suggestions for each question and justify them.

gardnerweb.com Web Newsletter 2015 ( production and consumption of machine tools 2014 statistics )

A review dedicated to the study of the world production and consumption of metal-cutting machine tools

The main goal in the competitive struggle in the world market for the production and sale of manufactured goods is to increase productivity. One way to increase productivity is to use more qualified staff. Another way to increase productivity is to use more efficient equipment, such as machine tools. It's quite easy to look at these two ways of increasing productivity as rivals; for example, when the working staff is against the introduction of robots into production, or other, more efficient capital equipment. But in fact, more qualified personnel and more efficient machines complement each other. Therefore, only the combination of these two components leads to an increase in the standard of living.

The way these two factors are combined depends on their relative cost. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the skills of workers in manufacturing around the world. This contributed to the improvement of the quality of parts processing worldwide. But more qualified personnel need to be paid higher salaries and receive other dividends. At the same time, throughout the globe, there is a trend towards an unprecedented decrease in interest rates, which has significantly reduced the cost of equipment (fixed assets). Dynamics of size growth wages and declining interest rates mean that it is now relatively cheap to increase productivity by investing in fixed assets. Since the machines are necessary for efficient production of all manufactured products, the level of investment in machine tools is an indicator that a country investing in processing equipment is looking to the future and needs qualified personnel. The current trend in machine tool purchases indicates that the most influential machine manufacturing countries are increasing investment in the latest technology machine processing.

Worldwide consumption of machine tools in past years was $75.3 billion; in 2014 there was an increase of 0.3%. But among the ten largest machine tool consuming countries, which simultaneously correspond to the world's top 10 economies, purchases of machine tools increased by 1.7% in 2014. In 15 countries that are not the world's largest purchasers of machine tools, the consumption of machine tools decreased by 7.9% in 2014. Thus, countries with stronger manufacturing bases invested more in machine tool consumption, widening the gap between them and the rest of the world.

World production of machine tools has been declining for three years in a row and in 2014 amounted to $81.2 billion. In 2014, global production of machine tools decreased by 3.1%. The production cut share slowed down in 2014 as machine builders lowered inventories (the level of work in progress), bringing inventories (equipment deliveries) in line with demand. This indicates that global machine tool prices should increase.

Looking to 2015, a Gardner survey predicts a 0.4% fall in machine tool spending to $75 billion. However, the top 10 consumers will reduce machine tool costs by 1.1% while the remaining 15 major consumer countries will increase their consumption to 3.7%.

World production and consumption of machine tools

Machine users

China remains the world's largest consumer of machine tools. However, China's spending on machine tools fell to $31.8 billion in 2014 from $40.8 billion. in 2011, which for three years amounted to 22%. Since over a period of more than 2 decades, China's money supply has grown at an extremely slow pace over the past two decades, and industrial production has grown at a relatively slow pace since January, it can be assumed that China's machine tool consumption will continue to decline in 2015. We forecast Chinese machine tool consumption in 2015 to be $28.6bn.

At $8.1bn, US machine tool consumption has not changed significantly; while the United States holds the second position in the world ranking of machine tool consumers. In 2015, we expect machine tool costs to increase to $10.4bn. This statement can be substantiated by an article published in December 2014 in the journal Modern Machine Shop (Reshoring).

Germany remains the world's third largest consumer of machine tools. However, Germany's equipment consumption fell by 10.8%, the second sharp percentage drop among the top 10 consumers. Germany's money supply, industrial production and capacity utilization show a rate of decline. Therefore, we can say that, most likely, the consumption of machine tools in Germany will fall in 2015 by another 8%.

Japan and South Korea remained in the top five countries-consumers of machine tools. But at the same time, they switched places, and Japan took fourth place, while South Korea moved to fifth place. In 2014, machine tool costs in Japan increased by 39.4%, the largest increase of any country. Japan is also expected to show growth in 2015, albeit a small one. In 2014, the cost of machine tools in South Korea increased by 13.2%. Like Japan, Korea will show a slight increase in consumption in 2015. Two countries showing significant reductions in machine tool costs are India and Brazil. In 2011, the costs of both countries reached the figure of $2.5 billion; thus, these countries ranked sixth and seventh, respectively, among the world's consumers of machine tools. But in 2014, India spent $1.4 billion on machine tools and Brazil $1 billion. In 2015, India's machine tool consumption is projected to increase. Brazil is a completely different story. We expect consumption to fall to $0.7bn in 2015 as industrial production and equipment utilization decline at an ever-increasing rate.

Machine tool manufacturers

China has been the world's largest machine tool manufacturer since 2009. But production fell to $23.8 billion from a peak of $29.5 billion in 2011. The nature of the Chinese machine tool market and the cooling of economic growth suggests some decline in Chinese machine tool production in 2015.

For several years, Germany was in second place in the production of machine tools. However, in 2014, production decreased by about 20%. At the same time, the country is the world's largest exporter of machine tools.

In Japan, machine tool production fell by almost 50% between 2011 and 2013. But in 2014, production quickly recovered, rising to $12.8bn. This put Japan in third place in the world, only $0.1bn behind Germany.

South Korea moved up one spot to number four, while Italy dropped one spot to fifth in machine tool production. These two countries produced machine tools worth more than $5 billion.

Since 2011, as well as since 2007, the production of Brazilian machine tools has experienced dramatic moments. Since 2011, machine tool production in Brazil has fallen by almost 70% from $0.3bn to $0.9bn.

Principles on which the review was created

This review is the 50th edition of an independent annual report that collects statistics by country and economic indicators expressed in US dollars. The review is being carried out by the Advanced Development Division of the business media corporation, Gardner Business media. Inc., based in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA under the leadership of Steve Klein, Director of Market Research and supervisor project by Nancy Eigel Miller.

Data for the current year on the state of production, export and import data were collected from all official sources, including trade associations and ministries in 27 countries that consume and produce almost all machine tools in the world. Consumption is calculated by adding imports and subtracting exports from consumption. Usually such data is published in local currencies, which are then converted into US dollars.

After converting to US dollars, all data in the 2014 Annual Industrial Report was indexed for inflation by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using the Capital Equipment Producer Price Index.

When calculating, we collected annual statistics for 25 countries, consumers and equipment manufacturers. Since the number of countries participating in the survey changes annually, the report uses a rough approximation that 25 countries are responsible for approximately 95% of all industrial production and sales of machine tools.

Sources:

Corrected data for 2013 and estimates for 2014 are obtained from government agencies or trade associations. In addition, special assistance was provided by the 15-member CECIMO (European Committee for Cooperation in Machine Tool Industry, headquartered in Brussels) consortium and the Manufacturing Technology Association (McLean, Virginia).

Description:

A machine tool is usually considered to be mechanically driven equipment that does not require all manual movements, the source of energy for which is an external energy source. This equipment has been specially designed for metal cutting, for metal forming (metal forming), physical and chemical processing, or for combined processing.

All machines are traditionally divided into two categories: metal-cutting and metal forming machines. Metal cutting machines usually perform the processing of metals with the removal of chips or metal filings. This category of machines includes (but not necessarily only the listed types) broaching machines, drilling machines, electroerosive machines, laser machines, gear cutting machines, grinding machines, machining centers, milling and turning machines.

Metal forming machines typically compress/deform metal into shape. This category of machines includes (but not necessarily only the listed types) bending presses, cold heading presses, presses, shears, roll strip slitting units, stamping presses. The data provided in the WMTS is valid only for machine tools (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System codes 8456-8461) and for metal forming machines (8462-8463) and is valid for finishing only; this category does not include spare parts and modernized machines.

Exchange rate:

All report data for each country in national currency is converted to US dollars using the average daily exchange rate as reported on www.oanda.com in the history section. All analytics is carried out in US dollars.

Coverage scale:

Information on the status of world production and consumption of metal cutting machine tools comes from the 27 countries that are presented in the overview and does not include all world production and sales of machine tools, although it is believed that it covers more than 95% of all world production-related activities. and consumption of machines. In some cases, for countries such as South Africa, or some countries in Southeast Asia or Eastern Europe, a small market for machine tools exists, but status data are not available or difficult to assess.

"Shipments" - "Orders":

Many countries, in addition to reporting to our survey, track orders for new machines. These data are, by their nature, other figures and may not be relevant to the report.

The review is based on actual shipments of new machines from the factories where they were produced. In contrast, the collection of shipping data in individual countries is based on the registration of orders for machines that will be shipped in the future. The time interval between these two events can vary considerably. Thus, a machine that is in stock can be shipped from the warehouse a day after the order is placed; while it may take a year to ship a complete machine line after receiving an order. On average, in the United States, it can take 4 to 5 months from order to shipment. This is a common time for many countries to complete a new order. Less time means delivery from stock or backorders.

Consumption of machine tools (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	2013	2014	2015*
1	China	$31,900.0	$31,700.0	$28,600.2
2	USA	8,048.5	8,056.3	10,412.4
3	Germany	7,573.4	6,758.2	6,232.8
4	Japan	3,695.8	5,150.2	5,427.5
5	South Korea	4,320.0	4,891.0	4,959.9
6	Italy	2,098.4	2,266.9	2,340.6
7	Russia	2,054.5	2,030.2	1,729.9
8	Mexico	1,924.2	1,708.9	1,884.4
9	Taiwan	1,629.0	1,687.0	1,877.2
10	India	1,337.7	1,416.5	1,506.9
11	Canada	1,342.0	1,235.0	1,361.8
12	Turkey	1,261.0	1,227.0	1,266.9
13	Great Britain	1,077.5	1,087.2	1,362.1
14	Switzerland	1,126.1	1,081.8	1,030.4
15	Brazil	1,464.9	1,014.6	661.1
16	France	1,113.8	977.3	1,018.6
17	Austria	734.0	663.7	665.3
18	Spain	426.1	534.8	605.8
19	Czech	435.5	464.3	567.8
20	Australia	374.7	333.0	357.2
21	Netherlands	342.5	303.9	310.8
22	Belgium	190.4	221.2	230.4
23	Argentina	210.0	195.7	137.3
24	Portugal	209.6	166.5	209.3
25	Sweden	194.2	161.3	242.1
26	Finland	121.9	115.5	132.6
27	Denmark	63.0	59.6	66.2
Total		$75,268.7	$75,507.6	$75,197.5

* - 2015 - predicted values

Production of machine tools (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	%	2013	2014
1	China	59%	$24,700.0	$23,800.0
2	Germany	71%	15,268.7	12,957.2
3	Japan	83%	11,333.6	12,831.6
4	South Korea	74%	5,150.0	5,631.0
5	Italy	51%	5,475.9	5,074.7
6	USA	75%	4,956.1	4,900.4
7	Taiwan	82%	4,537.0	4,700.0
8	Switzerland	84%	3,242.8	3,111.7
9	Austria	51%	1,217.0	1,101.2
10	Spain	60%	1,285.1	1,083.0
11	Great Britain	77%	1,007.1	931.9
12	Turkey	27%	719.0	722.0
13	France	61%	797.3	698.9
14	India	83%	576.0	645.3
15	Czech	82%	697.2	625.9
16	Canada	-	685.0	571.0
17	Netherlands	-	428.8	380.5
18	Brazil	81%	417.5	280.0
19	Belgium	-	317.8	254.0
20	Russia	-	210.9	234.4
21	Finland	-	191.8	170.2
22	Mexico	-	140.6	144.0
23	Australia	-	160.0	143.4
24	Sweden	9%	163.4	135.7
25	Portugal	75%	119.2	102.1
26	Denmark	-	49.3	45.0
27	Argentina	59%	36.2	37.5
Total		-	$83,883.3	$81,312.6

Imports of machine tools (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	2013	2014
1	China	$10,100.0	$11,200.0	35%
2	USA	5,268.4	5,241.5	65%
3	Germany	3,012.6	2,783.5	41%
4	Russia	1,922.4	1,869.1	92%
5	Mexico	1,907.6	1,655.3	97%
6	South Korea	1,386.0	1,496.0	31%
7	Italy	992.2	1,021.0	45%
8	Turkey	1,037.0	989.0	81%
9	Belgium	857.6	911.6	412%
10	Canada	900.0	902.0	73%
11	Brazil	1,263.8	901.2	89%
12	Great Britain	902.9	893.1	82%
13	France	982.3	876.4	90%
14	India	797.0	811.1	57%
15	Taiwan	640.0	740.0	44%
16	Japan	745.1	715.7	14%
17	Switzerland	683.6	583.4	54%
18	Czech	477.0	507.7	109%
19	Austria	461.3	416.9	63%
20	Spain	324.7	404.8	76%
21	Netherlands	452.1	401.1	132%
22	Australia	286.0	264.9	80%
23	Sweden	288.1	239.2	148%
24	Argentina	194.6	166.4	85%
25	Portugal	154.8	121.6	73%
26	Denmark	119.2	108.2	180%
27	Finland	109.6	97.2	84%

* – Including machine tools imported for re-export

Exports of machine tools (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	2013	2014	2014 exports* as % of consumption
1	Germany	$10,707.9	$ 8 , 982 . 5	69%
2	Japan	8,382.9	8,397.1	65%
3	Italy	4,369.6	3,828.8	75%
4	Taiwan	3,548.0	3,753.0	80%
5	China	2,900.0	3,300.0	14%
6	Switzerland	2,800.3	2,613.3	84%
7	South Korea	2,216.0	2,236.0	40%
8	USA	2,176.0	2,085.6	43%
9	Spain	1,183.7	953.0	88%
10	Belgium	985.0	944.4	372%
11	Austria	944.2	854.5	78%
12	Great Britain	832.5	737.8	79%
13	Czech	738.7	669.3	107%
14	France	665.8	598.0	86%
15	Turkey	495.0	484.0	67%
16	Netherlands	538.4	477.7	126%
17	Canada	243.0	238.0	42%
18	Sweden	257.3	213.6	157%
19	Brazil	216.4	166.5	59%
20	Finland	179.5	151.9	89%
21	Denmark	105.5	93.6	208%
22	Mexico	124.1	90.4	63%
23	Australia	71.3	75.3	53%
24	Russia	78.8	73.3	31%
25	Portugal	64.4	57.1	56%
26	India	35.3	39.9	6%
27	Argentina	20.8	8.2	22%

* – Including re-export of machine tools

Balance of trade (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	2013	2014
1	Japan	$7,637.8	$7,681.4
2	Germany	7,695.3	6,199.0
3	Taiwan	2,908.0	3,013.0
4	Italy	3,377.4	2,807.8
5	Switzerland	2,116.7	2,029.9
6	South Korea	830.0	740.0
7	Spain	859.0	548.2
8	Austria	482.9	437.6
9	Czech	261.7	161.6
10	Netherlands	86.3	76.6
11	Finland	69.9	54.7
12	Belgium	127.4	32.8
13	Denmark	-13.7	-14.6
14	Sweden	-30.8	-25.6
15	Portugal	-90.4	-64.5
16	Great Britain	-70.4	-155.3
17	Argentina	-173.8	-158.2
18	Austria	-214.7	-189.6
19	France	-316.5	-278.4
20	Turkey	-542.0	-505.0
21	Canada	-657.0	-664.0
22	Brazil	-1,047.4	-734.7
23	India	-761.7	-771.2
24	Mexico	-1,783.5	-1,564.9
25	Russia	-1,843.6	-1,795.8
26	USA	-3,092.4	-3,155.9
27	China	-7,200.0	-7,900.0

Trade balance= export minus import

Per capita consumption (in millions of US dollars)
	Country	Consumption (in millions of US dollars)	Population (in millions)	Consumption (per capita)
1	Switzerland	$1,081.8	8.13	$133.06
2	South Korea	4,891.0	50.22	97.39
3	Germany	6,758.2	80.82	83.62
4	Austria	663.7	8.51	77.99
5	Taiwan	1,687.0	23.37	72.19
6	Czech	464.3	10.53	44.09
7	Japan	5,150.2	127.02	40.55
8	Italy	2,266.9	60.78	37.30
9	Canada	1.235.0	35.67	34.62
10	USA	8,056.3	318.86	25.27
11	Czech	31,700.0	1,360.72	23.30
12	Finland	115.5	5.47	21.12
13	Belgium	221.2	11.20	19.75
14	Netherlands	303.9	16.82	18.07
15	Great Britain	1,087.2	64.31	16.91
16	Sweden	161.3	9.64	16.73
17	Portugal	166.5	10.43	15.96
18	Turkey	1.227.0	77.70	15.79
19	France	977.3	66.02	14.80
20	Australia	333.0	23.13	14.40
21	Russia	2,030.2	143.70	14.13
22	Mexico	1,708.9	122.33	13.97
23	Spain	534.8	46.50	11.50
24	Denmark	59.6	5.66	10.53
25	Brazil	1,014.6	202.77	5.00
26	Argentina	195.7	41.45	4.72
27	India	1,416.5	1,238.89	1.14

USD to Reporting Currency Conversion (in millions of USD)
	Country	Currency	2013	2014	Change
1	Argentina	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
2	Australia	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
3	Austria	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
4	Belgium	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
5	Brazil	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
6	Canada	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
7	China	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
8	Czech	CZK	0.050	0.044	-13%
9	Denmark	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
10	Finland	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
11	France	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
12	Germany	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
13	India	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
14	Italy	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
15	Japan	JPY	0.010	0.008	-14%
16	Mexico	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
17	Netherlands	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
18	Portugal	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
19	Russia	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
20	Spain	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
21	South Korea	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
22	Sweden	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
23	Switzerland	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
24	Taiwan	USD	1.000	1.000	0%
25	Turkey	EUR	1.370	1.216	-11%
26	Great Britain	GBP	1.649	1.553	-6%
27	USA	USD	1.000	1.000	0%

China's industry is developing at a rapid pace and now almost everything is produced in this country, from tiny knick-knacks to huge modern ships. Next, we will talk about 10 types of products for which the PRC is the world leader.

Shipbuilding. China builds annually ships with a total displacement of 766 million tons. This is 45.1% of world production.

Coal. China produces 1.8 billion tons of coal annually. This is 48.2% of world production.

Pork. 49.8% of world production, over 56.6 million tons
Top five pork producers (tonnes)

Cement. 1.8 billion tons, which is - 60% of world production

Shoes. 12.6 billion pairs. This is more than 63% of world production.

Cell phones. 70.6% of world production is more than 1.77 billion mobile phones annually.

Solar panels. With their help, 21.8 million kW of electricity is produced annually. This is 80% of the world's electricity production with the help of solar panels.

Energy-saving lamps. 4.3 billion lamps - this is more than 80% of world production.

Conditioners. Over 80% of the global production of air conditioners.

Personal computers. 286.2 million - 90.6% of world production.

It is a world leader in the development and production of light metals. Alcoa's innovative multi-component products, which include aluminium, titanium and nickel, are used worldwide in the aviation, automotive, packaging, commercial transportation, construction, oil, oil and gas, defense, consumer electronics and industrial applications industries. The company belongs to the sector raw materials and supplies.

Alcoa is also a world leader in manufacturing and organizing rational use alumina, primary aluminum and aluminum prefabrication through active participation in all major segments of the aluminum industry: technology, mining, refining, remelting, processing, recycling. Aluminum is a commodity that is traded on the London Mercantile Exchange (LME) and is valued daily. Aluminum (raw and processed) and alumina are the source of about 80% of Alcoa's revenues, and the price of aluminum affects the Company's results of operations.