Purpose and device of a radial drilling machine. Radial drilling machine - features and specific models Radial drilling machines accuracy characteristics

For operations related to the production of holes or their processing, a 2A554 radial drilling machine is often installed. The model is produced by the Odessa plant, which specializes in the production of such equipment. The model has been widely used in cases where it is necessary to process workpieces of large diameter and weight. A large weight causes problems with its movement.

Considering specifications radial drilling machine 2A554, attention should be paid to the fact that during operation only the working body is movable, on which the tool is attached. That is why the design is very practical in use and is suitable for processing a wide variety of workpieces.

Application area

Radial drilling machine 2A554, depending on the equipment, can be used to carry out the most various works. Examples include the following operations:

Hole reaming.
Drilling holes of various diameters.
Reaming.
End processing.
Cutting in the inner surface of the thread.

The radial drilling machine under consideration differs from the standard design in that most of the controls are concentrated on the body of the working head.

Main technical characteristics

Deciphering the name of the machine can indicate a fairly large amount of information, but most of it is entered in the passport.

The manufacturer entered the following information in the passport:

The accuracy class of the 2A554 radial drilling machine is H. This moment determines that this model can be used to obtain very accurate parts.
The operation of this equipment determines that the largest diameter of the resulting hole is 50 mm. When drilling cast iron, the indicator rises to 63 mm.
All nodes of the 2A554 radial drilling machine are designed for the load that occurs when such holes are obtained.
The distance from the spindle axis to the workpiece is adjustable from 375 to 1600 mm. The drilling head travels along the sleeve for a distance of about 1225 mm.
The design of the 2A554 radial drilling machine also provides for the rapid movement of the sleeve along the column at a speed of 1.4 m/min.
To ensure high functionality, the sleeve can be rotated around the axis of the column by 360 degrees. This feature of the 2A554 radial drilling machine allows processing workpieces without reinstalling it.
Specifications specify that the size of the surface plate is 1020 by 2555 mm. These parameters determine what dimensions the workpiece can be set to.
The spindle sleeve has a size of 90 m.
The maximum spindle speed varies from 18 to 2,000 rpm. The design allows you to install desired speed by choosing one of 24 gears. For switching speeds there are special handles.
A hole can be obtained when a force of 20 kN is reached.
The 2A554 radial drilling machine has a very complex kinematic scheme; several electric motors are installed to transmit motion. The main movement is transmitted from the engine with a power of 5.5 kW, the sleeve drive has a power of 2.2 kW. In addition, the 2A554 machine has a cooling system, the pressure in which is created by a motor with a power of 0.125 kW.

When considering the features of the 2A554 machine, it should be borne in mind that the total power of all installed motors is 8.9 kW. The mass of this model is 4,700 kilograms, due to which the installation becomes much more complicated.

Design features

This 2A554 radial drilling machine has a classic layout, which is represented by the following nodes:

Foundation plate. This element is the base of the 2A554 machine, which distributes the load and receives the pressure coming from all nodes, the workpiece and the pressure generated at the time of processing the workpiece.
Colon. On the machine under consideration, a column is installed, which is necessary to ensure the rotation of the traverse and the movement of the head in the vertical axis. In the manufacture of the column, cast iron is used, which copes well with vibration and other loads. In addition, cast iron does not respond to moisture, which significantly extends the service life.
Traverse. It is located on the column and is designed to move the cutting tool with controls.
The working head is designed directly for feeding the cutting tool. For this, vertical guides are located on the traverse.
The instruction manual provides for the possibility of turning the head around the axis, which allows you to significantly speed up the work.
In this model, the electrical circuit provides for the transfer of forces from various motors. The spindle speed box receives power from the main motor through the drive mechanism. Drilling can take place at the most different speed, for which it is enough to turn on the required transmission. The spindle drive, if the device is in good condition, does not produce a lot of noise, but there is a possibility that if the drive is worn out, there will be problems with operation. There can be quite a lot of malfunctions in the model, it is important to carry out maintenance in a timely manner.
The box-shaped table allows you to fasten a wide variety of workpieces, which may differ in shape and size.
The main electric motor is mounted on the traverse, another one on the column.
The controls are represented by knobs and buttons.
The electrical wiring is hidden in special flexible pipes that can protect them from mechanical and other influences.

Considering the information that the manufacturer entered in the passport, attention should be paid to the fact that the controls are located on the side of the drilling head. The work of switching spindle speeds in the 2A554 machine, as well as other functions, is based on setting all parameters immediately before drilling starts. During drilling or other operation, other parameters cannot be set.

Technical capabilities of the model

Considering the purpose of this machine, attention should be paid to the fact that it has a well-thought-out design and decent technical characteristics. Features of the location of individual nodes determine the high efficiency of the machine, its indispensability in carrying out numerous operations. The drilling machine 2A554, the filling volumes of which can vary significantly, can be used in the processing of cast iron, ordinary or alloy steel.

Download the passport (operating manual) of the radial drilling machine 2A554

The 2A554 radial drilling machine has an electrical circuit that determines the supply of coolant under pressure to the cutting zone. This can significantly increase the cutting speed and feed rate. The size of the volume of the installed workpiece is determined by the size of the table and the height of the head on it.

When reviewing this model, we also pay attention to the fact that the functionality of the machine can be significantly increased due to additional equipment. There are quite a few different devices on sale, the main limitation is weight. So the weight of the tool and equipment should not exceed 15 kilograms. Otherwise, there will be a significant load on the mount.

Due to the fact that the 2A554 radial drilling machine, the passport of which must be included in the delivery set, has several moving elements, the design needs clamps. This machine has two types of clamps:

Hydraulic. The operation of this design is based on the supply of fluid under high pressure to the clamp. A separate pump is responsible for the pressure. In this model, a hydraulic clamp fixes the rotation of the column and the movement of the drilling head along the vertical guides.
Electric. This structural element allows you to slow down the movement of the traverse.

The manufacturer of the 2A554 radial drilling machine installed a friction clutch, which is required to turn on the spindle and change the direction of rotation. However, it should be borne in mind that the design does not have a safety element. Therefore, overloading should be avoided. The box-shaped table for the machine 2A554 is produced using high-strength steel. This is due to the fact that the weight of the blanks can reach several hundred kilograms, as a result of which strong pressure leads to deformation of the surface.

How to extend the life of the device?

A level ground should be provided, which must withstand the pressure created by equipment, tools and workpieces. Taking into account the fact that the weight of the machine is several tons, it is necessary to prepare the base.
Before installation and operation, the structure should be checked for visible defects.
When installing, take into account the high load on the electrical network. So the total power of the installed electric motors reaches 9 kW.

In the event of any emergency, the device should be completely disconnected from the mains. Repair and maintenance should only be carried out under the condition of a complete blackout. This is due to the fact that the device may move during operation.
Perform maintenance and repair, adjustment work is possible only when the machine is completely turned off.
The design has a counterweight, which is responsible for the performance and precise positioning of the cutting tool. During operation, you should constantly monitor the condition of the counterweight, otherwise problems may arise.

You should also pay special attention to the selected cutting conditions. So the cutting speed and the amount of feed determines the load that the main components experience. As previously noted, all nodes are designed for a load of no more than 20 kN. Otherwise, the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness deteriorate. The 2A554 radial drilling machine may have malfunctions related to the drives, the coolant supply system, and the integrity of the electric motor device. Also, the fact that the workpieces are heavy determines the possibility of deformation of the body. In such cases, the positioning accuracy of the moving structural elements is significantly degraded.

The manufacture of radial drilling machines of the 2A554 series is carried out by the Odessa plant RST. This type of equipment is designed for processing large-sized workpieces, the movement of which on the surface of the working table is difficult. The design of the machine provides maximum access to all faces of the part, allows you to perform a wide range of operations.

Machine design

The main purpose of the 2A554 machine is the formation of holes by drilling, countersinking and trimming ends. The spindle head has several degrees of freedom and is displaced relative to the workpiece.

The main difference from similar models is the concentration of the main controls in the design of the drilling head. It is located on the sleeve, which is fixed on the axis of the vertical column. This ensures the displacement of the drilling unit both in height and horizontally. An advanced control system allows you to automate the processing process as much as possible.

The 2A554 radial drilling machine has the following components and assemblies:

base plate, which has several T-slots for secure fixing of the part;
a column that rotates around its axis. To perform this function, it provides for the presence of bearings;
sleeve attached to the column;
drilling head. It moves along the guide sleeves in the horizontal direction.

For the functioning of units and assemblies in the design of the machine there are hydraulic clamps that provide a fairly easy change in position. The controls are located on the side of the drill head, making it easy to set up the equipment. The possibility of a preliminary set of modes and frequency of operation is also provided. This feature improves the productivity and accuracy of workpiece processing.

Regardless of the location of the spindle, it will always be balanced. Due to this, the range of operations performed by the degrees of processing of the part is expanding.

Equipment technical parameters

The competent layout of the 2A554 machine made it possible to achieve optimal performance. This directly affected the characteristics of the equipment. Their review should begin with the main parameters. The mass of the machine is 4700 kg, its dimensions are 266.5 * 103 * 343 cm.

The accuracy class of the equipment corresponds to "H". The maximum allowable drilling diameter for steel 45 is 50 mm. It also provides the possibility of forming holes in cast iron blanks. Their diameter cannot exceed 63 mm. The spindle can be moved along the sleeve at a distance of 35 to 160 cm. Max Height the rise of the sleeve along the column is 75 cm. In this case, the maximum speed is 1.4 m/min.

The dimensions of the desktop are 102*255.5 cm. Additionally, it is possible to install an additional tool to improve the technical and functional capabilities of the equipment. Its weight cannot exceed 15 kg.

To understand the performance of the 2A554 machine, you should carefully study the parameters of the spindle head:

sleeve diameter - 9 cm;
speed limits - from 18 to 2000 rpm;
the number of speeds is 24;
the limits of working feeds that are possible with one revolution of the spindle - from 0.045 to 5 mm / rev;
threading parameters. Feed limits per revolution - from 1 to 5 mm;
maximum torque, kgf * cm - 7100;
allowable feed force, kN - 20.

To control the position of the working head in the design, there are several types of clamps. When the column rotates and the drilling head is displaced along the sleeve, hydraulic devices are used. The clamping of the sleeve on the column post is carried out with the help of electric clamps.

The main drive of the machine 2A554 is carried out when the electric motor is 5.5 kW. To move along the sleeve, the design provides for an electrical installation of 2.2 kW. Additional devices (5 pcs) are designed to supply coolant and ensure reliable fixation of the machine components relative to each other.

To turn off the spindle and change the direction of its rotation, the machine has a friction clutch. It is located between the gearbox and the main electric motor.

Before the final installation of the 2A554 machine, a work site should be prepared for it. It is best to equip a special platform that will be able to withstand the weight of the equipment. Then it is necessary to check the components and assemblies for the absence of hidden and obvious defects.

After installation, the connection to the mains is carried out. It must be designed for the maximum power of the equipment. Therefore, it is important to study all the characteristics of the machine, changing the parameters depending on the current operating modes.

In addition, during the operation of the equipment, the following factors should be taken into account:

in the event of emergency situations (breakdown or malfunction), a complete shutdown is first performed and only then repair work is carried out;
during operation of the equipment, it is forbidden to clean it, change the position of the workpiece, tighten the bolts and nuts of the structure;
if drain chips are formed, the drill should be removed from the hole. Otherwise, there is a high probability of formation of long chips. It can stick to the cutting edges of the drill or the ends of the machined surfaces;
control the functionality of the counterweight, which is necessary to adjust the position of the spindle.

With the working staff, safety briefing is mandatory, the characteristics of the machine are studied in detail.

The video shows an example of the operation of the machine 2A554:

The radial drilling machine is an equipment that can be found in both small and large-scale enterprises. Among the currently existing options for the execution of vertical drilling machines, this one is noticeably popular. The key design feature of the machine is that the axes of the holes of the spindle and the workpiece are aligned not only in the circular, but also in the radial direction.

There are many options for such units. This fact gave rise to the following classification of radial drilling machines, including the following types:

General purpose machines.
Mobile machines applicable for workpieces of non-standard sizes. Most often, such equipment cannot be moved from one workshop to another without the use of a crane.
Self-propelled vehicles on mobile carts.

The radial drilling machine is capable of performing a number of operations that can be distinguished as follows:

Creating holes by drilling in a wide variety of materials, whether wood, plastic or metal.
Countersinking and reaming.
Creating an internal thread.
And a lot of operations that can be performed both with a standard set of tools and with optional accessories.

Working with a drilling-radial machine requires high concentration and considerable physical effort. Performing a number of operations, such as fixing workpieces, machine control, manually feeding the spindle, and much more, requires the operator to take maximum responsibility and a decent level of skill. This is very important because the master is key factor performance. But not only the human factor has an impact on the final result of the work. Automation of the process makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of a piece of equipment.

Automation of a radial drilling machine can concern both individual operations and all processing methods in a complex. This approach to the organization of labor is bearing fruit - the efficiency of labor increases and the labor intensity of the work process decreases.

At present, radial drilling machines are supplied to the world market by a huge number of companies, each of which strives to make its unit more productive, ergonomic, economical and convenient to use. But with all this variety of modern units, the popularity of machines designed and manufactured during the Soviet Union does not fall at all. One of these are the models 2M55, 2K52 and 2A554, which we will consider below.

2M55

Radial drilling machine 2M55 is one of the most successful developments of the Odessa Machine Tool Plant. This machine corresponds to a high class of accuracy and is a very productive and reliable unit of its time.

One of the advantages of the 2M55 radial drilling machine is the presence of a large working plate, whose dimensions are 1000x2555 millimeters. With this machine, the master can work with a wide variety of workpieces without any problems. The maximum drilling diameter for this machine is 50 millimeters when drilling a steel workpiece with a thickness of 45 millimeters or 63 millimeters when working with cast iron, which expands the functionality of the model.

The unit is equipped with six electric motors. The main drive motor has a power of 4.5 kW. In addition, the design includes a sleeve moving motor, a 55-watt hydraulic column clamp drive motor, a hydraulic head clamp motor, a pump motor, and a speed set motor.

The dimensions of the 2M55 model are 2665x1020x3430 millimeters, and the mass of the machine is truly gigantic - 4.7 tons.

2A554

The 2A554 radial drilling machine is also the brainchild of the aforementioned Odessa plant. This model replaced the obsolete 2M55. That is why, in terms of technical parameters, this unit is in many respects comparable to its “progenitor”, but it has some improvements and improvements.

Consider the design differences between the 2A554 radial drilling machine and the 2M55 model:

The number of direct rotation spindle gears has been increased from 21 to 24.
Feed limits per 1 revolution expanded to 0.045-5.0 millimeters;
The number of feed steps has been doubled to 24;
A seventh electric motor has been added - the motor for driving the rapid movement of the spindle.
The total power of all electric motors is 8.9 kW.

This unit largely coincides with its "predecessor", including in terms of weight and dimensions.

2K52

The 2K52 radial drilling machine is a powerful unit corresponding to a high accuracy class, which was produced at Belarusian facilities in accordance with the projects of the Odessa bureau. Its maximum conditional drilling diameter in steel is 25 millimeters. In this case, the range of distances from the spindle to the guide column is 300-800 millimeters. Of course, in terms of performance, this model lags behind those described above, but for small and large-scale production, where drilling of medium-sized holes is required, 2K52 can be an indispensable assistant.

The dimensions of the working plate of this unit are 800x630 millimeters. The spindle speed reaches 1600 per minute. The design provides eight built-in spindle speeds, and the number of steps of working feeds is three.

Radial drilling machines 2K52 are equipped with a 1.5 kW main drive motor. At the same time, the machine also has a built-in electric column clamp motor and a cooling pump motor. The mass of the machine is 1250 kg, and its dimensions are 1760x915x1970 millimeters.

findings

Thus, we were able to get a general idea of what the Soviet technique of the radial drilling type is. Among her distinguishing features it is worth noting the incredible endurance, which is confirmed by the fact that some of these units are still regularly serving craftsmen throughout the CIS. But, of course, in moral and technological terms, these models are infinitely outdated and lagged behind their European counterparts.

And if you're looking to maximize productivity rather than save money, there are more modern developments domestic and foreign companies.

Drilling radial machines are one of the most common tools in the field of metallurgy.

Radial drilling machines are used for surface treatment of metals, processing and creating holes in canvases, and are also capable of performing many other functions in the field of metalworking. As a rule, such equipment is used to work with large parts.

The machines are very convenient and easy to operate, they allow you to process parts at any angle and work below floor level. Due to their high functionality, the machines have a very wide scope, they are used to process parts of various configurations from various materials.

The principle of operation of drilling radial machines

The work of the machine is carried out by combining the axis of the hole located on the workpiece with the axis on which the spindle is mounted. In this case, the spindle moves, and the workpiece itself remains stationary.

The basis of the work of drilling-radial machines is precisely the movement of the spindle along the axis - this is the main movement. The feed movement is the axial movement of the spindle simultaneously with the sleeve.

The work of the machine is also carried out thanks to a variety of auxiliary movements, namely:

Turning and fixing the traverse on the column.

Fastening and movement of the spindle head itself on the traverse.

Switching the speed of the equipment.

Spindle feeds.

Movement and fastening of the traverse.

All radial drilling machines consist of several main components, which are the column, the foundation slab, the traverse and the spindle head itself.

This equipment of the machine allows you to position and mount the spindle and the tool itself at any working point of the zone. This is achieved by moving the spindle head along the sleeves, which are used as traverses, as well as by rotating the sleeve along the axis of the column.

Types and advantages of radial drilling machines

This type of equipment performs the same operations as vertical drilling machines.

Vertical drilling machines are capable of reaming holes in solid material, countersinking existing holes, countersinking end surfaces, reaming holes, and cutting large threads. But the main purpose of the machine is the processing of holes in large parts.

Drilling-radial machines have a fundamental difference from vertical drilling - when working on such equipment, the part is stationary, and the spindle moves. This is due to the fact that when working with heavy and large parts, moving them is quite problematic.

The spindle in such equipment can move both radially and circumferentially. That is, it is possible to make holes at any point in the part section, which is limited by sectors of circles.

There are several main types of machines:

General purpose. When working on such a machine, the workpiece is placed on the table, and the spindle head can move in three directions around the part.

Machines with a column that moves along the guides of the bed. This equipment is used when it is necessary to process heavy parts of large dimensions.

Machines on self-propelled carts. The trolley moves along a special railway track. Used to work with large workpieces.

Portable machines. They allow making holes in the bodies of cast iron and steel castings. These are industrial machines that are used in heavy engineering, as well as in shipbuilding.

Scope of application of drilling-radial machines

Radial drilling machines have a wide range of applications due to a large number of advantages, including the following:

All modern machines have high power, which allows you to process any part, regardless of the size and material of manufacture.

Machines can be used both for the production of single products and for series. Found active application in technological lines.

Such equipment is particularly versatile - it can be used for drilling, enlarging existing holes, reaming and threading.

The equipment is quite easy to use, has ample opportunities for adjustment. On the basis of such a machine, a drilling center may well be created.

Examples of radial drilling machines at the exhibition

The metallurgy industry is constantly evolving, which leads to the need to use new equipment and improve technologies.

It will be possible to get acquainted with the novelties of domestic and foreign metallurgy at a specialized exhibition dedicated to this industry.

The exhibition of the international format "" will be held in Moscow, at the Expocentre Fairgrounds.

The compact radial drilling machine, even having small dimensions and simple design, allows solving many problems associated with the need to obtain holes in metal parts. An important quality is the versatility of such equipment, which is equipped with both small repair shops and production shops large enterprises.

Features of using machines

The technical capabilities of the radial drilling machine make it possible to perform various metal processing operations with it: drilling and reaming holes of various diameters, reaming, threading, carried out using a tap.

Even a desktop machine in this category can be equipped with various working tools that increase its functionality. Equipped with such tools, radial drilling machines make it possible to perform technological operations that are typical for the equipment of the boring group.

Different models of machines in this category are distinguished by their dimensions and technical characteristics. The most common models of equipment for the radial drilling group are: 2M55, 2K52, 2A554, AS2532, 2N55, 2532L. The differences between each model of such equipment, designed to perform typical metal work, relate to their power, as well as to the list of technological operations that they make it possible to carry out.

The versatility that distinguishes the machines of the radial drilling group makes it possible to successfully use them for repair work of varying degrees of complexity. The functionality of equipment in this category is determined by its design, which may include various systems and elements.

Design features of machines

Machine tools of the radial drilling group are used for processing parts with different configurations and geometric dimensions, which are made of cast iron and steel, various non-ferrous metals. Such machines are classified as equipment of the second class, if guided by the generally accepted classification of technical devices intended for metal processing. The most popular models of equipment of the radial drilling group (2K52, 2M55, 2A554, AC2532, 2N55 and 2532L) allow drilling holes, the axis of which is located at different angles.

The technical capabilities of the radial drilling machine allow it to process any type of surface: cylindrical, conical, threaded and face. A desktop machine of this model is most often used to perform roughing, semi-finishing, as well as finishing technological operations.

The main tools that are equipped with radial drilling machines are drills, reamers, countersinks and threaded taps. To perform individual technological operations, a special-purpose tool can be installed on the machine.

The above models, which are most widely used, are mainly used for processing internal holes, which can be cylindrical and even conical in shape. Parts that can be processed on the equipment of these models may have rather large dimensions and irregular geometric shapes.

The design features of radial drilling machines make the process of processing parts on them simple and convenient. The part on such a machine is fixed in a special fixture. The design of the equipment ensures smooth movement of the cutting tool in relation to the surface being machined.

CNC Radial Drilling Machine

Machines of this category, including desktop ones, are distinguished by high power characteristics, which makes it possible to process parts made of various metals, including steel billets, on them. Machine tools of the radial drilling group are successfully used to equip enterprises operating in various industries, this also applies to the automotive and aircraft construction.

Component structural units of machine tools

Machine tools of the radial drilling group used on modern industrial enterprises, can refer to one of four types according to their design.

and 2M55 belong to the category of stationary equipment and are used to perform general-purpose technological operations.
The design of the machines models 2532 and 2A554 has a special column that can move along the surface of the workpiece, for which special guides are used.
Large-sized machines of models 2532L and 2N55 themselves move along the surface of the workpiece, for which they are mounted on rail guides.
There are separate models that are installed directly in the processing area. With the help of such equipment, you can also perform finishing work, which is characterized by a high degree of accuracy.

To effectively and safely use any model of this equipment, and not just a CNC radial drilling machine, it is necessary to understand its device very well and have the appropriate qualifications.

The design of any machine of this category, including a desktop one, necessarily contains the following elements: a reliable base on which the workpiece is fixed, a cylindrical column, a traverse and a working head in which the cutting tool is fixed.

The column of the radial drilling machine, on which the horizontal traverse is fixed, can, if necessary, perform rotational movements. The traverse can move in a horizontal plane; a drilling head with a working spindle is mounted on this element, in which the cutting tool is fixed.

The design of such a desktop machine is simple and reliable, which becomes clear even from the photo. This equipment is easy to maintain and subject to the required repairs.

Machine principles

The gearbox and adjustment of working gears, which are equipped with each desktop machine of the radial drilling group, are located in its drilling headstock. The working bodies, with the help of which the operation of the machine is controlled, are located on its front panel. The processing of parts on machines of this category is carried out due to the rotation of the cutting tool.

Before putting the equipment into operation, using special handles, the parameters of the tool rotation speed and feed rate are set. When choosing the parameters of processing performed on the machine of the radial drilling group, a number of factors are taken into account: the maximum diameter of the hole that can be machined on the machine; the maximum amount of spindle movement; the number of the attached cone located in the inner part of the spindle; the number of revolutions that the spindle can make; the number of steps that allow you to adjust the spindle speed.

The power possessed by machines of the radial drilling group of a certain model mainly depends on the parameters of the electric motor used to equip it. Of great importance is the cost of the machine, which depends both on its technical condition and functionality.

During operation, there is a regular need for maintenance equipment and its repair, the implementation of which should be carried out only by qualified specialists with sufficient experience in this area.