Paving slabs from PET melting heating unit. Equipment for the production of polymer sand products. Production technology and equipment used

Preparation of polymer sand mass

After the first grinding, the waste plastics enter the extrusion machine, where they are mixed under heating. Any chemist will say that it is impossible and unscientific to mix dissimilar polymers; It's like mixing kerosene with water. But such a task is not set - to mix polymers at the molecular level, it is enough to mix plastic waste using the viscosity properties of molten polymers.

Polyethylene and polypropylene films occupy a large place in the structure of polymer waste. They are added to the extrusion machine without grinding.

The resulting polymer-sandy mass with the consistency of yeast dough is removed by the operator with a mitten at the outlet of the extrusion unit of the line, and, having rolled a ball (agglomerate up to 100 mm.) with his hands, throws it into the water for cooling. Taken out of the water, not completely cooled, but already hardened, the agglomerate dries quickly, cooling down.

It happens that the polymer mass overheats, and it flows out of the extrusion machine onto the floor until the operator turns off the heat. Cooled such a mass, then suitable for use. The entire cooled agglomerate is subjected to repeated grinding into chips with a fraction size of up to 1-10 mm. Thus, a ready-made raw material for the polymer-sand mixture is obtained.

Obtaining polymer sand mass and molding tiles

This stage of tile production is the final one. Some separate it from the harvesting area, located in a separate room. In addition to aesthetic considerations (the preparation of an average polymer mixture is accompanied by the release of gases, and requires the provision of an exhaust), there are also practical benefits: it is easier to control and account. And in cases of work in correctional institutions, it is simply necessary because of the security of the enterprise.

The mixing of sand, polymers and dyes takes place in a thermal mixing unit (Melting and Heating Unit). It is important to keep the mass of the mixture in the APN constant, adding new portions as the finished mass is consumed. The crushed polymer-sand mass is mixed with sand and dyes in different proportions, depending on the products being manufactured. For, for example, tiles, this ratio is: 24/75/1, and for paving slabs it can be 5/94/1.

The ratio of sand and polymers also affects performance - the mass that has more sand in its composition will take longer to heat up.

This property should be taken into account when calculating the cost and accounting for products.

It is important to obtain a high-quality mixture - sand particles must be completely enveloped in polymers, without gaps. This is achieved by a unique shaft design, calculated by the "Polymer Technology" Orsk. More precisely, not calculated, but tortured by experimental designs and scientific research. As a result, the blades on the shaft are located in such a way that when the shaft rotates, the mass advance rate is different in 3 heating zones, which ensures complete polymer melt and high-quality mixing with the filler.

By the way, in this node we see some design flaws, the change of which leads to an increase in the productivity of the entire line.

Thus, the resulting polymer-sand mass with an outlet temperature of about 170-190 degrees and the consistency of a tight dumpling dough is squeezed out of the machine after the damper is opened. The operator cuts off the required amount with a knife, weighs it on the scales, and having received the right amount (about 2 kg.), Puts it into the mold with an ordinary scoop.

The form, mounted on a press with a movable bottom plate, is cooled in different ways.

The upper part has a temperature of about 80 degrees, and the lower 45, or cooled as much as possible, for the fastest formation of tiles (30-50 seconds).

This is done to create a gloss on the outside of the polymer-sand tiles, as if the polymer is squeezed upwards, filling the pores between the filler.

This is another secret of technology. Although such uneven cooling can lead to the bending of the tiles, for which it is placed on the cooling table and pressed with a load until the final molding.

To obtain a matte surface of polymer-sand tiles, it is enough to cool the upper mold as much as the lower one. This is used for the production of polymer-sand paving stones. The dye may not be added, and the product turns out to be gray in color, like concrete.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Department of Economics and Entrepreneurship in Construction

Course work

on the topic " Business plan for the production of polymer sand tiles "

Kazan 2016

1.1 Characteristics of the enterprise

1.2 Product features

2.1 Definition of demand

2.2 Selecting the target segment

2.3 Competitive analysis

3.Production plan

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business schedule

4.2 Organizational structure

4.3 Staffing

5.Marketing plan

5.1 Pricing methods

5.2 Distribution channels

6. Risk plan

6.1 Project risk management methods

6.2 Determining the discount rate

6.3 Project sensitivity analysis

6.4 Risk mitigation measures

7.Financial plan

7.1 Funding sources

7.2 Performance analysis financial efficiency project

7.3 Analysis of the commercial effectiveness of the project

7.4 Income Statement Analysis

7.5 Analysis of the balance sheet

7.6 Analysis of the cash flow statement

7.7 Break-even analysis

7.8 Social, budgetary, and environmental performance of the project

List of sources used

Business plan development goals:

1. Substantiation of the effectiveness of creating an enterprise for the production of polymer sand tiles;

2. Justification of the need to attract a bank loan;

3. Determination of project performance indicators;

Objectives of this investment project:

1. Opening of the enterprise "Kazan polymer-sand tile" and its introduction to the market;

2. Return of funds invested in the project;

3. Sale of manufactured products and profit in the future;

Business plan development tasks:

1. Describe the goals and profitability of the investment project;

2. Assess the ability of the enterprise to implement the project;

4. Analyze the risk that the goals presented in the project may not be achieved;

5. Select the optimal project financing scheme;

Brief description of the project:

This business plan proposes a project to create a limited liability company "Kazan polymer-sand tiles" for the production of polymer-sand tiles for the construction and repair of residential buildings, offices and industrial premises.

The main type of manufactured products is polymer-sand tiles with parameters: 400x310x50mm.

The offered product has the following main advantages:

* The material has high impact resistance. This property greatly affects the efficiency in the production and transportation of tile products. It is no secret to anyone that during the transportation of almost all materials, a certain percentage of the goods is subject to write-off "for battle". In this case, this does not happen.

* Water-repellent properties, there will be no fungus and mold on the tiles. With polymer tiles, there will be no such problems, since it has the property of sound absorption. Quartz river sand, which serves as a filler for PFC, is “sintered” during production. This factor, together with high-quality dyes, allows you to maintain the original color throughout the entire period of operation.

* The rafter system can be attributed to the indirect advantages of PFC. The rafters do not need to be further strengthened, since the standard rafter system is designed according to the principle of 300 kg per 1 m2. The weight of the roofing material itself is not more than 22 kg. Similar types of polymer tile roofing have an analogue and a competitor. A very similar product in form and purpose, which has long won a place of honor in the sales market among roofing materials - a roof made of sand and cement.

* The production of cement-sand tiles does not require the purchase of a large amount of equipment and costs, which affects the cost. At the tile production plant, the concrete mixture is pressed into the desired shape and then cut to the required dimensions.

* It is heat-resistant and moisture-resistant, and its weight is from 40 to 47 kg per linear meter.

* The material is durable and has a durability of up to 30 years.

The price of our products is competitive and well below the average price.

The planned production volume is 14,400 sq.m. per month.

The project will be financed by own and borrowed funds. Own funds will be invested in the amount of 10,000 rubles. Borrowed funds are presented in the form of a loan (8,000,000 rubles) in VTB24 bank at 19% per annum under the Business Start program.

Funds required for financing - 5,604,000 rubles.

Indicators of the commercial effectiveness of the project:

· Life span of the project - 15 sq.m.

Simple payback period of the project - 0.57 years

Discounted payback period - 0.60 years

· The net present value of the project NPV is - 12,669,000 rubles.

· Return on investment (PI) - 5.11 p.

Thus, this project is acceptable for implementation, has a sufficient margin of financial stability.

Project financial performance indicators:

· Sales proceeds - 83,371,000 rubles.

Cost price - find in viola and put 1,774,000 rubles.

· Net profit - 24,857,000 rubles.

The calculations of indicators presented in this business plan that characterize the economic, commercial and budgetary efficiency of the investment project indicate that the project is effective and attractive for financing.

tile marketing financial risk

1. general characteristics enterprises

1.1 Characteristics of the industry

Market building materials today offers many options for arranging the roof. The range is so wide that you can spend a lot of time choosing the perfect roof. Since the roof is directly exposed to environment, it must be waterproof, moisture resistant, resistant to aggressive chemicals and sudden changes in temperature. Should not warp, crack or break.

In modern industry, various wastes are increasingly being used, including PET bottles and films. This plastic waste that fills the city's landfills can be reused for the production of much-needed roof tiles and even curbstones and cladding. Such products are called polymer-sand, in contrast to traditional cement-sand.

Polymer-sand tile is a new generation roofing material. It looks like ceramic, but is made from sand and ultra-highly filled thermoplastics by pressing. Such tiles are very durable (at least 50 years), resistant to water, acids, aggressive environments. The polymer base protects against rot, mold and fading. In addition, it does not rust, does not attract electricity, does not require a lightning rod.

1.2 Characteristics of the enterprise

1. Limited Liability Company "Kazanian Polymer-sand tile" - "Kazan polymer sand tiles" - "KPPCh"

2. Date and place state registration: in the UFK of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Tatarstan (IFTS of Russia for the Vakhitovsky district of Kazan) on January 1, 2016.

3. Legal address - LLC "Kazan polymer sand tiles" is registered at the address: Alabastrovaya, 2a.

4. Organizational and legal form: Limited Liability Company.

5. The size of the authorized capital: 10,000 rubles.

6. Information about the founders and management team:

Director of LLC "Kazan Polymer Sand Tiles" - Kafiatullina Munira Amirovna.

Date of birth 05/30/90, passport series 92 07 No. 300594, issued on 03/30/08, Department of Internal Affairs of the Soviet District of Kazan. The address. Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Guards d.59, apt. 94.

Education: KSUAE, specialty - Production management.

Accountant "Kazan polymer sand tiles": Sukhanova G.A., Date of birth 11/16/78, passport series 92 05 No. 300893, issued by the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kirovsky district of Kazan. Address: Russia, RT, Kazan, st. Uprising d.30.

Education: Kazan Federal University, specialty - accounting and auditing, 15 years of experience in this field.

The founder is one person with experience in managing similar organizations. In organizing a business project for the production and production of polymer sand tiles, the entire authorized capital belongs to Kafiatullina M.A. in the amount of 100% - 10,000 rubles.

7. Main activity: OKVED code: 26.30 (Production of tiles for use in construction)

8. TIN/OGRN: 1961196219/9219940510112

Main banking details: RS No. 1237894561114161719245 at VTB 24 Bank under the Business Start program.

Details of OJSC VTB 24:

RS No. 1237894561114161719245

Correspondent account: 12378945600000000305 Kazan

BIC 785147324

Gearbox 305194190

TIN 7707085419

OKATO code 45319633577

The enterprise will be engaged in the production of polymer sand tiles.

Workers have work experience in this field of activity.

The brick production workshop and the office of this enterprise will be located on the street. Uchitelskaya d.2a.

1.3 Product features

Polymer sand tiles are a modern type of roofing that comes to the rescue of those who have to find a compromise between high quality and affordable price. Sand-polymer tile combines best qualities natural material, but at the same time it costs much less. The service life of this coating can be envied: with a factory warranty of up to 20 years specifications materials allow the use of tiles for about a hundred years, while not requiring major repairs.

Polymer sand tiles have the following characteristics:

1. Weight 1pc. - 2.2 kg.,

2. The weight of the ridge tile is 1.8 kg. (weight1 m2 - 16.2 kg)

3. Size 1 piece - 405 x 315

4. Quantity in 1 m2 - 9 pcs.

PFC is made from polyethylene and propylene, which are thermoplastic polymers, with the addition of the necessary dyes. Calcined river sand acts as a filler.

How and from what is a polymer-sand tile made? In the manufacturing process, equipment for polymer tiles is used. There are a lot of polymers around us, and for processing they need to be crushed. For this, a rotary polymer grinder or crusher is used. After the desired polymers have been processed by a crusher, they must be melted into a homogeneous mass. An extruder will help with this - an apparatus for melting polymers. The remelted mass must be mixed with a filler, which is used as sand, and a certain color of the source material must be achieved. At this stage, a thermal screw machine, or APN, is used. It is she who mixes the molten polymers with sand and the necessary coloring pigment. The output is a heated mass, ready for formation. Separately, mention should be made of coloring pigments. Dyes added to the polymer mixture must be heat-resistant and of high quality. They should also have light-stabilizing properties. This will protect the roof from UV rays. If these requirements are met, the roof will have its original color for the entire period of operation. At the same time, equipment for the production of polymer sand tiles and its quality is important. The viscous mass obtained as a result of processing must be given the necessary shape. The final result is achieved with a press. The mass is poured into the mold necessary for the desired type of product and brought to condition. It would be remiss not to mention that the set of equipment for PFC also includes a sand dryer, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process. The technology for the production of polymer-sand tiles, in relation to its high quality, is quite cheap, and therefore this material is one of the leading on the market.

Features of polymer sand tiles:

* PFC is heat resistant to temperatures from -700C to +1500C.

* It has a high resistance to mechanical damage, which means that the material will remain intact in a hurricane or hail.

* PFC roofing will not be affected by mosses, acid rain and various bacteria.

* Such roofs have a low probability of lightning strikes and they do not accumulate static charge, which significantly reduces the likelihood of fire inside the building.

* Seasonal shrinkage of the building is inevitable, and this causes deformation of the roof. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere also cause deformation. The structure of the original PFC material is such that these changes will not harm your roof, since each unit of the product is equipped with a temperature butt joint, and this allows the roof to "stretch". Thanks to these joints, ventilation of the material is carried out. This is a very important point, since the building releases moisture.

2. Analysis of the market and main competitors

2.1 Definition of demand

Determination of demand - an assessment of the potential capacity of the market, i.e. total cost goods that the inhabitants of a certain region can buy in a certain period of time.

Potential market capacity - the maximum possible sales volume when all potential consumers purchase a product, based on the maximum possible level of consumption.

The real market capacity is the real (projected) sales volume of the analyzed product. There are several methods for calculating the real market capacity.

In this business plan, we use the consumption level method, which includes the calculation of income elasticity of demand and the calculation of price elasticity of demand.

Income elasticity of demand is the degree to which demand changes with changes in income. The coefficient of elasticity of demand for income is calculated by the formula (form. 1):

where is the income elasticity of demand;

Quantity of goods required in the base year;

Quantity of goods required in subsequent years;

per capita income in the base year;

per capita income in subsequent years.

To analyze the statistical data for the Republic of Tajikistan for 2014 (base) and 2015 (following) year in relation to our industry, we received the following data:

where 570000 pcs. - the quantity of goods (in physical terms) consumed in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan;

542000 pcs. - the quantity of goods (in physical terms) consumed in the base year 2014 in the Republic of Tajikistan.

28787 rubles/month - income per capita in the base year 2014.

31465 rubles/month - income per capita in the subsequent 2015 in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Since>0, then an increase in per capita income entails an increase in demand for our products.

Price elasticity of demand is the ratio of relative fluctuations in quantity demanded to relative fluctuations in prices. Price elasticity of demand is calculated by the formula (form. 2):

where is the price elasticity of demand;

Demand for the product in the base year;

Demand for the product in subsequent years;

Price in the base year;

price in subsequent years.

Having studied the statistical data of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2014 (base) and 2015 (following) year in relation to our industry, we obtained the following data:

Therefore, the increase in price led to a slight decrease in demand.

320 rub. sq.m - the price of 1 roll of a square meter of polymer-sand tiles in the Republic of Tatarstan;

385 rub. sq.m - the price of 1 square meter of polymer-sand tiles in the next year in the Republic of Tatarstan.

2.2 Selecting the target segment

Segmentation - the process of dividing consumers into groups based on differences in needs, characteristics, behavior. A market segment is made up of consumers who respond in the same way to the same set of marketing stimuli.

For the normal functioning of production, the following segmentation was carried out:

1. In terms of income, potential consumers of products can be:

A - buyers with low income;

B - buyers with an average income;

B - buyers with high income.

2. By types of buildings in which potential consumers live, we single out the following:

G - owners of private houses;

D - residents of multi-storey residential complexes;

E - owners of administrative buildings.

Let's represent this division graphically in the form of a matrix and select the segment that we will focus on.

Table 1

Thus, our company will target buyers with medium and high incomes belonging to different types of buildings.

2.3 Competitive analysis

At this stage of the analysis, we collect the necessary information on all possible competitors that produce similar products. As mentioned earlier, there are none in Kazan. However, there are companies that supply products of domestic and foreign manufacturers. The range of these products of domestic manufacturers should be taken into account. You should consider the range of these products, as well as the pricing policy of these companies. Most strong competitors are:

OOO "Stroitel AG"

EuroStroyTech LLC

LLC "BT"

LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

1. Stroitel AG LLC

LLC "Stroitel AG" was founded in 2000 by a group of professionals who came to the company from various fields and have already accumulated significant work experience. Very quickly, the company turned into a large-scale industrial and construction enterprise - at the moment Stroitel AG LLC has all the necessary resources to independently implement the entire range of construction work. In addition, the company is a partner and dealer of a number of the world's largest manufacturers of construction products. At the same time, the specialists of Stroitel AG LLC are highly qualified to provide a full cycle of services - from consulting and design to work within the framework of complex turnkey projects. It is also worth noting that there is a system of cumulative discounts that is convenient and beneficial for customers, plus there are corresponding discounts for a large volume of purchases. In addition, the company offers a product reservation service in the warehouse, which allows our customers to receive necessary materials and goods at a convenient time. Moreover, the company's delivery service allows our customers to significantly save time and resources required to transport the ordered products.

In March 2005, Stroitel AG LLC acquired a new production base. It was deployed in Golitsino (Moscow region, Minsk highway), and its total area is 2 hectares. At the moment, all the main divisions of the company are concentrated here, including the sales department, warehouse terminal, design and service and production divisions.

Among its main advantages, it is worth highlighting high strength, low weight, long service life, ease of installation, maintainability and many others. In addition, polymer-sand tiles in their appearance do not differ from natural ones, but at the same time they have a much more favorable price.

To date, the factory has 2 melting and heating units for the production of polymer sand tiles, as well as 2 presses with a semi-automatic temperature control system.

The production capacity of each of the lines reaches 150,241 square meters of polymer sand tiles per year.

To date, on this enterprise 2 types of polymer sand tiles are produced:

Tiles ordinary

ridge tile

Factory "Stroitel AG" pays great attention to environmental protection. The company has installed 2 regenerative exhaust gas treatment plants manufactured by Sequa GmbH & Co. Germany.

All manufactured products comply with the sanitary requirements of the Russian Federation. In 2012, the products of the Stroitel AG LLC factory successfully passed the necessary tests, and a Certificate of Conformity with the requirements of the Technical Regulations on the requirements fire safety.

2.OOO "EuroStroyTech"

"European Construction Technologies" is a young and dynamically developing company, the main activity is the production and sale of polymer-sand products. For several years, our company has established itself as a reliable supplier of quality materials that are in high demand among construction organizations and private buyers. Not resting on our laurels, the team strives to constantly improve the quality of products, expand the range, introduce new production technologies. The priority direction is the production of "Strong" tiles, "Hardplast" cladding panels, as well as drainage systems and borders from a polymer-sand composition. Due to the quality and excellent properties of this material, our products have earned high marks in operation. Since 2012, our company has mastered the production of plates for covering cables in a trench (CCC), which is used to protect cable lines when they are installed in the ground. Our products are in demand throughout Russia. We invite to cooperation, both construction and installation organizations, and individuals. We are glad to see you in our store and office, where you can get acquainted and purchase all types of products we offer, as well as get detailed advice on their use.

The company's management pays great attention to improving the skills of employees. German programmers, managers, mechanics work together with Russian colleagues.

One of the most important factors influencing the quality of products is the qualitatively high level of raw materials used.

3. LLC "BT"

The BT company has been a Perm manufacturer of paving slabs and tiles for 14 years.

This company is an exclusive manufacturer of polymer-sand and concrete paving slabs and tiles in Perm, in terms of price-quality ratio.

BT LLC produces 3 types of products:

1. Polymer sand paving slabs at low prices.

2. High quality polymer sand tiles from the manufacturer.

3.Fencing border for beds and flower beds

The material has certificates of conformity, fire safety and epidemiological conclusion.

BT LLC has a number of advantages that will attract experienced consumers:

· Warranty up to 50 years.

· The product range is constantly growing.

· Color selection.

· Flexible system discounts.

This enterprise is the only producers of this type of product in the territory of the Perm Territory. BT LLC has been on the market for more than 14 years, during which time more than 1,000,000 sq.m. roofs.

Partners are companies such as:

LLC "UralDomStroy" general developer of the cottage settlement "Gorki 2"

· LLC "Derzhava" general developer of townhouses and others, as well as more than 500 individuals.

Hypermarket "Superstroy"

4.LLC "Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company"

"Ukrainian Polymer Sand Company" is a young company that is gradually conquering the market and promoting a new environmentally friendly and durable type of building materials.

This enterprise is focused on the development of such products in this segment as polymer sand tiles, polymer sand tiles, paving stones.

Sh Production:

The plant is completed necessary equipment for the production of high-quality polymer sand products.

The production capacity of the complex is 10,000 square meters of products per month.

SH Team:

Professionalism in the understanding of this company is not only a thorough knowledge of all the subtleties of your favorite work, but also a continuous striving forward, to new knowledge, skills and achievements. Professionalism allows them to be more efficient and perfect than competitors.

W Quality:

All links in the production chain work for the client, so the quality of the finished polymer sand product is priority No. 1. Accordingly, in order to guarantee it at the exit, raw materials are carefully selected and controlled - there is no random material in production.

table 2 Comparative analysis products of the main competitors LLC "Kazan polymer-sand tile"

Name indicator	Stroitel AG LLC	EuroStroyTech LLC		LLC "Ukrainian Polymersand Company"	"Kazan polymer-sand tiles"
Price, rub./pc.
Quality			High (4)	High (5)
Reliability
Range
Volume discount.
Reputation		Positive			New firm

From table 2 it follows that LLC "Kazan polymer-sand tile" has the highest score for 2 indicators out of six possible (for price and reliability)

Conclusion: our company will occupy a fairly stable position in the market.

Determining the competitive position of the company in the selected market segment.

To analyze the competitive position, we use the matrix (Industry Attractiveness - Competitive Position) developed by the McKinsey consulting company. Positioning of the company is carried out in a coordinate system. One of the axes is the attractiveness of the market segment, and the other axis is the competitive position of the organization in the selected market segment.

The following parameters were chosen as parameters for assessing the attractiveness of the industry:

1. Market capacity - Total goods (in quantitative and cost terms), which can be sold in the segment for a certain period of time. The number of possible consumers. The construction segment of the industry is extremely in demand on the market, so we will give this indicator a score of 4 and assign it a weight of 0.19.

2. Competitive pressure - the number of competing stores, the intensity of competition and the determination of the degree of its security, the assessment of its competitive advantages. Assessment of the level of competition and determination of the degree of security of a commercial enterprise. Since polymer-sand tiles are not produced in Kazan and nearby regions, therefore, we will put a score of 5 on this indicator and assign it a weight of 0.25.

3. Availability of resources - the company has sufficient resources to operate in the market: staff qualifications, access to finance, marketing opportunities, access to market technologies. Due to the low distribution of production (polymer-sand tiles are not developed in the region), we will evaluate this parameter at 2 points and assign a weight of 0.09.

4. Segment stability - The stability of a selected group of consumers, their loyalty to this retailer trading company. For this parameter, due to the lack of competitors in this area, we will rate it at - 4 points and assign a weight of 0.19.

5. Sufficiency - the potential of the segment, including the duration of the existence of the segment and the rate of its change (growth, decrease). The total number of goods (in quantitative and cost terms) that can be sold in the segment for a certain period of time; number of consumers; segment area. We estimate this parameter by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

6. Variety of assortment - the higher the variety of the assortment on the market, the more difficult it is to differentiate your product from competitors' products and find a working competitive advantage. Since our production will be focused on high quality polymer-sand tiles, we will evaluate the parameter at 3 points and assign a weight of 0.14.

Table 3 Evaluation of the attractiveness of market segments

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource availability
Segment sustainability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Therefore, the integral score is: 0.76+1.25+0.18+0.76+0.42+0.42 = 3.79.

When evaluating a competitive position, the calculation is similar to the previous one, but here we consider key factors organization's success. (Table 4)

1. Profitability - the segment must provide a certain return on invested capital. In the construction industry, the level of profitability is at a high level, so we will rate it at 4 points and assign a weight of 0.227

2. Availability of the segment - informational, territorial, material.

According to this parameter, we will evaluate the production of polymer-sand tiles at 3 points and assign a weight of -0.16.

3. Level of competence - the company has sufficient competence to operate in the segment. Therefore, we evaluate the parameter by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.16.

4. Product quality - the company's product is able to meet the key needs of the target market consumers at an effective level. Since in the production of polymer-sand tiles we will use only high-quality materials, therefore, we will evaluate it by 3 points and assign a weight of 0.253.

5. Probability of entry of new players - the prospect of entry of new strong players increases the risk of tougher competition and lower industry profitability. As Building bussiness in the region is now in the stage of active growth, we will estimate the probability of competitors entering the market by 1 point and assign a weight of -0.1.

6. Audience solvency - a decrease in the solvency of the market audience can lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of a product, switching to cheaper analogues or refusal to use a product category. The unstable situation in the financial market in the country does not ensure stable solvency of the population, therefore, we will evaluate the indicator by 1 point and assign a weight of 0.1.

Table 4 Assessment of competitive position

Market segment parameters	Relative weight	Segment attractiveness assessment	Result
Market volume
Competitive pressure
Resource availability
Segment sustainability
Adequacy
Variety of assortment

Assessment of the competitive position of the organization:

0,908+0,48+0,32+1,012+0,1+0,1 = 2,92.

Therefore, according to Table. 3 and 4, the integral assessment of the attractiveness of the industry segments is 3.79, and the assessment of the competitive position is 2.92.

3. Production plan

3.1 Influence of geographical location

LLC "Kazan polymer-sand tile" is going to carry out its activities in the city of Kazan, but does not have its own premises for these purposes, which would be suitable for organizing production. In order to start our activity, we rent this premises in accordance with the parameters we need. These include:

Square production premises(workshops) not less than 1500 sq.m.

Office area not less than 100 sq.m.

Availability of communications

Premises that meet our requirements, at st. Uchitelskaya d.2a. Moreover, both the office and the workshop are located in the same building, which is a definite plus for the management.

In terms of cost, the rent also fits into the framework of our expenses, namely the price per sq.m. is 150 rubles. For the office we rent 100 sq.m., for the workshop - 400 sq.m.

But the rent also includes utility bills.

Thus, the total rental costs are: 82,800 rubles per month

150 H 500 \u003d 75,000 rubles.

We also need to take into account utility bills (included in the rental price), because the production of PP-tiles is very energy-intensive.

18000- Utility payments.

3.2 Characteristics of the materials used

These Specifications apply to tiles intended for roofing of buildings.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Tiles must comply with the requirements of these Technical Specifications and be manufactured in accordance with the Technological Regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

1.2. The tile is made of two types:

Slotted with two side closures;

Ridge semicircular, conical.

1.3. For the manufacture of tiles, the following materials are used:

Sand for construction works according to GOST 8736-85;

Pigment - red lead according to GOST 8135-74 or other mineral pigments.

1.4. The depth of the grooves (folds) of the tiles must be at least 4 mm.

1.5. The height of the tile spikes must be at least 14 mm.

1.7. The tile must have at least one through hole with a diameter of 4-5 mm in the overlapped part for attaching it to the crate.

1.8. Tiles should be of regular shape with smooth surfaces and smooth edges without cracks.

Name of appearance indicators Permissible deviation:

1. Curvature of the surface and ribs (warping), mm, no more than 3

2. Repulsion or crushing of one of the corners, length, mm, no more than 5

3. Broken or crushed stud, no more than 1/4 of the stud height

1.9. The breaking load during the tile bending test must be at least 800N (80 kgf). The strength of ridge tiles is not determined.

1.10. In terms of frost resistance, tiles in a water-saturated state must withstand at least 50 cycles of alternate freezing at a temperature of minus (15 ... 20) ° C and subsequent thawing in water at a water temperature of plus (15 ... 20) ° C without any signs of destruction (stratification, chipping, peeling, cracking).

1.11. Weight 1 sq.m. coverings with slotted tiles in a state saturated with water should be no more than 50 kg, and the mass of running meters. ridge tiles - no more than 10 kg.

1.12. The tiles must be waterproof, i.e. when tested according to clause 3.6. of these Specifications, no drops of water should appear on the underside of the sample within 3 hours from the start of the test.

1.13. The color of tiles of one batch must be uniform.

1.14. Marking.

1.14.1. Each piece of cargo (container, package, etc.) must have a transport marking in accordance with GOST 14192-77, which indicates:

Product name and date of manufacture;

Batch number;

Number of pieces in a package;

Packing weight;

OTC stamp.

1.14.2. Tiles are marked in an amount of at least 20% of the batch on the lower (not front) side of the product with quick-drying and indelible paint or in some other way, indicating the manufacturer or his trademark.

1.15. Package.

1.15.1. The tiles are laid on a pallet or in specialized containers on soft pads (cardboard according to GOST 3135-82, wood shavings according to GOST 5244-79, etc.) on the edge along the length tightly one to the other. Each row in height should be covered with thin wooden slats or other cushioning material. The number of rows of tiles laid one on top of the other must be more than 3. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to use another type of packaging in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents.

2. ACCEPTANCE RULES

2.1. The tiles must be accepted in batches by the technical control department of the manufacturer.

2.2. The batch size of tiles is set in the amount of daily output of the manufacturer.

2.3. The supply of tiles must be made in a set according to the customer's specification, which must indicate the number of slot and ridge tiles. In the absence of a specification in each batch, the number of ridge tiles from the total quantity must be written.

2.4. Each batch of supplied tiles must be accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

Name of the manufacturer and its address;

Name of the product and its symbol;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Type, overall and covering dimensions of tiles;

Number and date of issue of documents;

Test results;

Designation of real specifications.

2.5. To check the compliance of tiles with the requirements of these technical specifications, acceptance and periodic control is carried out.

2.6. For acceptance control, tile samples are taken from each batch in a pre-agreed order, in the amount of 1% of the batch, but not less than 25 pieces, and tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Shape, size and appearance - all selected samples;

Waterproof - at least 5 pieces;

2.7. Periodic control is carried out on tiles selected from among those that have passed the test according to clause 2.6., According to the following indicators:

Frost resistance - at least 5 pieces;

Weight of 1 m2 of slotted tiles and 1 linear meter. ridge tiles in a state saturated with water.

2.8. The frost resistance of tiles is determined at least once a quarter and every time a change in technology or raw materials is made.

2.9. Determination of the mass of 1 m2 of roof tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a state saturated with water is carried out at least once a month and every time the technology or raw materials change.

2.10. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of testing tiles for at least one of the indicators for this indicator, a second test is carried out on a double number of tiles taken from the same batch. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of repeated tests, the lot is not subject to acceptance.

2.11. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the compliance of the tiles with the requirements of these technical specifications.

3. TEST METHODS

3.1. Appearance tiles (presence of cracks, brittleness, crushing of spikes, etc.) are determined visually.

3.2. Determining the size and correctness of the shapes of tiles is carried out with a steel ruler in accordance with GOST 427-75 with a measurement error of not more than 1 mm.

3.2.1. When measuring the length and width of the tile, the ruler is applied in two places at a distance of 20 mm from the edge of the tile. For the length and width of the tiles take the arithmetic mean of the results of two measurements.

3.2.2. The curvature of the surface and edges of the tiles is determined by measuring

the largest gap between the surface or edge of a free-lying tile and the adjusted surface of the supporting plane.

3.2.3. The value of the broken corners is measured with a ruler along the largest length of the broken corners.

3.3. Determination of the breaking load at fracture.

3.3.1. Preparing for the test.

Before testing, the lower surface of the tile is leveled with two transverse strips of gypsum mortar 20-30 mm wide, located at the places where the tile rests on the supports. On the upper surface in the middle of the tile, one transverse strip is made in the same way at the place of application of the load.

3.3.2. Conducting a test.

The tested tiles are laid on rigid parallel prismatic supports with rounded ribs with a radius of 10 mm or cylindrical rollers with a diameter of 20-30 mm. The distance between the axes of the supports should be 300 mm. The length of each support shall not be less than the width of the tested tile. The breaking load must be transferred to the tile through a rigid prismatic bar exactly, in the middle between the supports and evenly distributed along the entire line of contact between the bar and the tile. The loading speed should be (15±5) N per second.

3.4. Tiles are tested for frost resistance according to GOST 7025-78

The duration of one freezing of tile samples should be 5 hours.

3.5. Determination of the mass of 1 m2 of grooved tiles and 1 running meter of ridge tiles in a state saturated with water. Selected tile samples are placed in a vessel with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C in one row on linings so that the water level in the vessel is at least 2 cm higher than the top of the samples, and they are kept until completely saturated. After that, the samples are removed from the vessel, immediately blotted with a soft cloth and each sample is weighed. The mass of water flowing from the pores of the sample onto the weighing pan should be included in the mass of the sample saturated with water. Weighing of each sample, made with an error of up to 1 g, must be completed no later than 5 minutes after saturation with water. The mass of one tile (m) in grams is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the results of weighing 5 samples. The number of tiles per 1 m2 of coating (A) is determined with an error to the decimal point as a quotient of 1 m2 per average covering area of one tile in square meters (excluding tolerances). The mass of 1 m2 of tile covering in a state saturated with water (M) is calculated by the formula M \u003d m x A

3.6. Determination of the waterproofness of tiles.

The tile specimens are placed on the supports with their face up. A glass tube with an internal diameter of 25 mm and a height of 200 mm is installed on the front surface of the tile. The gap between the edges of the tube and the surface of the tile is sealed with plasticine, paraffin or other sealing material. The tube is filled with water to a height of 150 mm and this level is maintained by constantly adding water. During the test, the appearance of water droplets from the underside of the tile is monitored, which is determined visually or using an automatic device developed by the VNIISTr institute. Determination of the appearance of a drop using an automatic device consists in fixing the moment of closing the electrical circuit between the electrodes, one of which is lowered into a tube with water, and the other, made in the form of a plate, is installed at a distance of 1 mm from the bottom side of the tile. At the moment of closing the circuit, the time counter stops with the simultaneous appearance of an audible signal. The tile is considered to have passed the test if, within three hours from the moment the tube is filled with water, a drop of water does not appear on the underside of the tile.

3.7. The uniformity of the color of the tiles is determined as follows:

The tile, together with standard samples, is laid on a slightly inclined board with an area of at least 1 m2 and its uniformity is visually determined at a distance of 10 m by comparison with standard samples.

4. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

4.1. Transportation of tiles is carried out by any type of transport in

in accordance with the "Rules for the carriage of goods" in force for this type of transport.

4.2. Transportation of tiles in vehicles must be carried out in

packed, in special containers.

4.3. Tiles must be loaded and unloaded mechanically using special grippers. It is not allowed to load tiles into vehicles in bulk (throw) and unload them by dropping them.

4.4. During loading and unloading operations, the safety rules established by GOST 12.3.009-76 must be observed.

4.5. Tiles should be stored separately by type in packaged form on pallets or in specialized containers in accordance with the relevant regulatory and technical documentation.

4.6. It is allowed to store tiles without pallets in packages that provide

mechanized loading and unloading.

5. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

5.1. The manufacturer must guarantee the compliance of the supplied cement-sand tiles with the requirements of these technical specifications, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage

4. Organizational plan

4.1 Business schedule

When compiling a business schedule, it is necessary to record the most important and key events. It will reflect a specific sequence of actions. For clarity, the business schedule is presented in table 5.

Table 5 Business schedule of the organization KPPCH LLC

key event	Deadlines (date)	Responsible person
company formation		Director
creation of a product prototype		Technologist
reaching agreements with sales representatives		Director
signing agreements with wholesalers		Accountant
ordering materials in quantities necessary for the production of the first batches		Storekeeper
start of production		Technologist
receiving first orders		Accountant
delivery of the first batches of goods		Accountant
receiving the first payments and receipts to the account.		Accountant

4.2 Organizational structure

The organizational structure is a set of ways in which the labor process is first divided into separate work tasks, and then coordination of actions to solve problems is achieved. The organizational structure determines the distribution of responsibility and authority within the organization. As a rule, it is displayed in the form of an organization - a graphical diagram, the elements of which are hierarchically ordered organizational units (divisions, job positions), horizontal and vertical links.

For the effective functioning of the enterprise, it is necessary that all employees of the organization be in their “places” and fulfill all the duties assigned to them.

LLC "KPPCH" has the following staff. (fig.4)

Administrative - managerial:

Sh Manager

Sh Accountant

Main production staff:

Ш Ancillary workers (2 people);

Ш Operator of the APN line (2 persons)

Support staff:

Sh Technologist

Sh Storekeeper

Ш Cleaning lady (2 pers.);

Ш Driver (2 people).

4.3 Staffing

The staffing table is presented in table 6.

Table 6

The total salary of the AUP for the month is 224,000 rubles. In addition, on the specified salary, taxes are charged to off-budget funds in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Consider the main responsibilities of administrative and managerial personnel.

The director acts as a manager. It takes all production and management decisions. The director's responsibilities also include:

1) Manages the financial and economic activities of the Company, ensures the fulfillment by the Company of the tasks assigned to it, organizes the work and effective interaction of all structural divisions of the Company.

2) Ensures compliance with the law in the activities of the Company, fulfillment of all licensing requirements when carrying out the activities of the Company in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, organizes the preparation of relevant documents and the implementation of all necessary actions to obtain (renew) a license to carry out the statutory activities of the Company.

3) Ensures the fulfillment by the Company of all obligations to the federal, regional and local budgets, state extra-budgetary social funds, as well as customers and creditors.

4) Organizes the development and implementation of the latest progressive forms of management and organization of labor, scientifically based standards of material, financial and labor costs, studying the market situation and best practices (domestic and foreign) in order to improve the technical level and quality of work (services) in every possible way.

5) Resolves issues related to financial, economic and economic activity organization, within the limits of the rights granted to it by the legislation, delegates certain areas of activity to other officials of the Company.

6) Ensures and controls the implementation of decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors of the Company, the provision of information, reporting on the activities of the Company and explanations on the management of the Company's activities general meeting shareholders, the Board of Directors and auditors of the Company.

7) Organizes the provision of the Company with all the necessary material and technical conditions of activity.

8) Organizes work to provide the Company with qualified personnel, rational use of their professional knowledge and experience, certification and training of employees.

9) Organizes the development and approves the staff list of the Company, job descriptions for employees of the Company.

10) Organizes and controls the implementation by the employees of the Company official duties, requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation and internal normative documents The Company takes measures to eliminate violations and shortcomings in the work of employees.

Qualification requirements: higher professional (technical) education and at least 3 years of work experience in managerial positions.

The accountant of the Kazan polymer-sand tile limited liability company carries out the following activities:

1) Performs work on maintaining accounting of property, liabilities and business transactions (accounting for fixed assets, inventory items, production costs, sales of products, results of economic and financial activities; settlements with suppliers and customers, for services rendered, etc. .).

2) Participates in the development and implementation of measures aimed at maintaining financial discipline and rational use resources.

3) Carries out reception and control primary documentation on the relevant sections of accounting and prepares them for counting processing.

4) Reflects on the accounts of accounting operations related to the movement of fixed assets, inventory and cash.

5) Prepares accounting cost estimates for products (works, services), identifies sources of losses and unproductive expenses, prepares proposals for their prevention.

6) Calculates and transfers taxes and fees to the federal, regional and local budgets, insurance premiums to state off-budget social funds, payments to banking institutions, funds to finance capital investments, wages workers and employees, other payments and payments, as well as the deduction of funds for material incentives for employees of the enterprise.

7) Participates in the conduct economic analysis economic and financial activities of the organization according to accounting and reporting data in order to identify on-farm reserves, implement a savings regime and measures to improve document flow.

8) Participates in the inventory of funds, inventory items, settlements and payment obligations.

9) Prepares data on the relevant areas of accounting for reporting, monitors the safety accounting documents, draws them up in accordance with the established procedure for transfer to the archive.

10) Performs work on the formation, maintenance and storage of a database of accounting information, makes changes to reference and regulatory information used in data processing.

11) Performs separate official assignments of his immediate supervisor.

Qualification requirements: higher professional (economic) education and work experience in the field of accounting and control for at least 2 years.

Technologist:

1) Develops, using design automation tools, and introduces progressive technological processes, types of equipment and technological equipment, automation and mechanization, optimal production modes for products manufactured by the enterprise and all types of work of various complexity, ensuring the production of competitive products and reducing material and labor costs for its manufacture.

2) Establishes the procedure for performing work and the operational route for processing parts and assembling products.

3) Draws up plans for the placement of equipment, technical equipment and organization of jobs, calculates production capacity and equipment loading.

4) Participates in the development of technically justified norms of time (production), linear and network schedules, in testing product designs for manufacturability, calculates standards material costs(rates of consumption of raw materials, semi-finished products, materials, tools, process fuel, energy), economic efficiency projected technological processes.

5) Develops technological standards, instructions, assembly schemes, route maps, maps of the technical level and product quality and other technological documentation, makes changes to the technical documentation in connection with the adjustment of technological processes and production modes.

...

Production of tiles from sand with polymers

The manufacture of a piece roofing from sand with a polymer component includes a number of stages, each of which must be performed with the utmost responsibility.

The subtleties of the preparation of components

The use of sand and polymer waste in the production implies the need to prepare raw materials for the manufacturing process. In particular, the sand must be washed, screened and thoroughly dried. It is unacceptable to use this material with clay and organic inclusions, the presence of particles larger than 3 mm and water.

Washed and sifted quarry or river sand of the required fraction can be bought ready-made. And you can do the screening, washing and drying yourself, but for this you should stock up on a sieve of the appropriate size, a rinsing tank and water tanks.

There are many more nuances in the preparation of the polymer mass for the production of tiles. However, the requirements for the resulting raw materials are much less than, for example, for components for recycled products.

A slight presence of fat is allowed, because it will burn out anyway, it is not necessary to sort and wash. However, plastic raw materials must be carefully examined, removed from metal parts, foil. It is advisable to wash off the engine oil, but there is no need for special diligence - it will burn out.

Sorting was discussed due to the fact that in the manufacture of a polymer-sand coating, polymers of different rigidity are used, these are:

Soft products. It includes disposable and reusable polyethylene packaging.
Hard products. Used household items and materials made of PET, ABS plastic, polypropylene, polystyrene.

Both types are taken in approximately equal proportions, but it is desirable that the hard component slightly prevails, at least by 5–10%.

Refractory polymeric materials are absolutely unsuitable: fluoroplasts, polycarbonates. Can be used, but fusible PVC is not very suitable, because it will partially burn out.

Grinding and mixing of polymers

The polymer mass, consisting of soft and hard components, is pre-crushed. The work is done on a crushing machine. The rule of mixing polymers with different properties must be observed in order to ensure standard product quality characteristics.

The composition should contain both polyethylenes, which provide strength at low temperatures, and rigid polymers, which guarantee strength in the heat. If it is possible not to use waste, then it is better to buy granules of a suitable brand, although the cost will increase because of it.

After preparation and grinding, the polymer mass enters the extruder. In this machine, the polymer components are mixed under heating. Mixing is not done at the molecular level, which is generally impossible for dissimilar polymers. A simple connection is sufficient due to the viscosity of the melt.

The result is a viscous mass, similar in consistency to yeast dough. At the exit of the extruder, this “dough” is removed by an operator dressed in canvas gloves. It literally crumples the removed mass into a ball about 10 cm in diameter.

This ball, the so-called agglomerate, is thrown into a container of water to cool. Without waiting for complete cooling, they remove it from there and send it further to cool without water and dry.

It happens that in the process of mixing and heating, the mixture for the production of polymer sand tiles flows out of the equipment directly onto the floor. There is nothing wrong with this. The mass must be collected and put into action, together with the balls that have passed through the container with water, all this is crushed into chips with sizes from 1 mm to 10 mm.

Shaping of tiles from polymer-sand mass

At this stage, the polymer mass crushed into chips, sand and coloring pigment are mixed. The process is carried out in a thermomixing unit. The proportions of ingredients are selected depending on the type of product.

The optimal proportions for the manufacture of tiles are 24% polymers, 75% sand, 1% pigment. It is important in the course of work to continuously maintain the working volume of the raw mass, adding components in the required percentage.

Note that the selection of proportions affects the speed of production and, as a result, productivity. The more sand in the raw composition, the slower the melting will be, because it takes longer to heat up.

Mixing should be done in such a way that each grain of sand is completely enveloped in a polymer shell. The shaft of the mixing unit ensures a uniform flow of the mixture into three conditional zones that differ in temperature.

The mixture moved by the blades smoothly passes the stages of melting and saturation with a sand filler with a dye, which guarantees the uniformity of the physical and mechanical qualities of the resulting tile and the uniformity of color throughout its entire thickness.

The mass prepared for molding, resembling a tight dumpling dough, is squeezed out of the unit through the damper opened by the worker. The operator cuts off the extruded piece of the required volume and weighing about 2 kg with a knife. After the control weighing, the workpiece that has not cooled down is transferred to the mold using a simple scoop.

The form is installed in the pressing equipment, the bottom plate of which is able to move. The polymerization and hardening of the workpiece is carried out in different temperature conditions: the upper surface is processed at a temperature of 80º, and the lower one - at 45º or cooled even more within 30-50 seconds.

This cooling method contributes to a kind of extrusion of polymers onto the surface of the tile, due to which a gloss is formed. If it is planned to produce matte tiles, then both surfaces are polymerized in equal temperature conditions.

Production line equipment

In the production of polymer-sand products used both in laying a piece roof and in arranging pedestrian areas with paths, similar equipment is used. The finishing press is suitable for the release of both paving slabs and tiles.

The production line can be purchased at complete set or assembled from separate units. However, even a ready-made set of working systems can be supplemented or not supplemented with units that do not have a leading value, at your own discretion.

Mandatory kit for use includes:

Waste crusher. A unit equipped with knives capable of grinding polymer raw materials into fraction particles up to 30 mm, and agglomerate into fraction particles up to 10 mm. Due to operational specifics, it requires frequent sharpening of knives.
extruder. It is intended for hashing of polymeric ingredients under high-temperature influence. Equipped with a shaft that provides uniform mixing, and easily replaceable heating elements.
Melting and heating unit (abbreviation APN). It is used for mixing crushed polymer agglomerate with sand and pigment. Provides different speed and heating of the mass passing through it, which guarantees uniformity of mixing.
Press. Small-sized pressing installation with a movable plate at the bottom. equipped with two independent cooling circuits, which provides a temperature difference on the back and front surfaces of the tiled petal.
Hydrostation and water tanks for cooling. The power of the hydraulic pumping station and the useful volume of the cooling tanks are selected based on the expected performance.

In addition to the basic types of equipment required for the production of polymer sand tiles, additional machines will be required. For example, a crusher for marriage, which is used to crush unsuccessful tiles.

On the other hand, you can crush defective products with a sledgehammer, and then pass them through a crusher used in the preparatory stage for all waste.

It does not hurt to get a sand dryer. Although excess moisture in the material evaporates during the period heat treatment, but at this time, pores and cavities may form in the polymer-sand mass, which, of course, will reduce the strength characteristics of the product.

Scope and laying technology

Like any other type of piece roofing, polymer-sand tiles are not suitable for flat roofs. It will look good and serve well if the slope of the structure is at least 22º.

There are no upper slope limits, laying on extremely steep surfaces is available. For example, the heads of narrow observation towers with a spiral staircase inside. However, it is recommended not to get carried away with steepness over 60º.

Since this type of tile is lightweight, there is no need to build a powerful truss system. For the manufacture of rafter legs, they take a beam with sides of 50 ... 70 mm, install them after 1.0 m - 1.5 m.

The crate is constructed from a bar with sides of 50 mm, the counter-lattice is made from a bar 30 × 50 mm. The spacing of the laths depends on the size of the tiles, each of which must rest on at least three supports.

The laying technology is similar to the installation of traditional clay tiles. Laying starts from the eaves line and moves up to the ridge. The slats serve as both supports and guides.

Tin corner elements are placed in the valleys, which are fixed to the crate even before the tiling is installed. For ridge and hip ridges, standard parts for tiled roofs are produced.

Those who want to equip a hip roof will freely cut the elements to the desired size, and install the rest in the next rows or on another slope. Absolutely useless scraps, as a rule, at a minimum.

The video will acquaint you with the nuances of manufacturing a polymer-sand piece roof:

Video about the rules for testing polymer-sand roofing:

Video presentation of the coating from the Russian manufacturer:

Features of the manufacture of a polymer-sand piece roof deprive the material of the disadvantages that are standard for building ceramics. If they are known to the owner of the house, who is looking for a suitable option for arranging the roof, he will certainly pay attention to this view. And will not regret the next 50 years.

So, our favorite pastime in childhood - making Easter cakes from wet sand and even building entire cities from it - turns out to be quite in demand in adulthood. Buildings, of course, cannot be built from this material, but it is quite possible to produce a whole range of the most diverse products from a polymer sand mixture.

To obtain the desired composite, all that is needed is to mix the sand with the polymer and add the appropriate color pigment to this solution. And then create from this mixture: roofing, building, finishing and other landscaping elements. These include tiles, manholes, paving and facing tiles, paving stones, curbs, trays, gutters and many other products of the most various forms and flowers.

What to work on?

To organize this business does not require the presence of complex and cumbersome equipment. Basic kit polymer sand equipment includes 3 machines: a radial crusher, a melting and heating unit (extruder) and a molding press. Additionally, of course, you will need molds, as well as auxiliary installations: screw and belt conveyors, mixture supply and dosing systems, oil stations and, finally, tables for aging finished products.

We will not talk about secondary equipment, since this is universal equipment and there should not be any problems with its choice. But it is worth paying attention to the main machines.

First of all, we think about purchasing plastic shredder. It is best to take a radial crusher. This will save a lot on raw materials, since the cost of the finished polymer is much higher than crushed used waste. And the shredder can process absolutely everything: cans, bottles, cans, films, etc. You just need to find a supplier of this garbage (you won’t collect it yourself).

Further we select an extruder. The task of the melting plant is to heat up and mix all the components into a single mass to the consistency of a tight dough. The productivity of these machines can reach 1000 kg/h, so you need to take the machine according to your needs.

Well, the last car in the production chain - molding press. In our case, it must be with a force of at least 100 tons and with a variable desktop size. The last factor is necessary for the placement of various molds (curb, tile, etc.). By the way, it is better not to save on their cost. The fact is that only high-quality molds made of heat-hardened alloy steels can last a long time and withstand up to 5 million moldings.

Despite the ease of operation of polymer sand equipment, it is still better to entrust its commissioning to professionals. Suppliers of this equipment will not only set up production, make a technical link to other equipment of the workshop and conduct trial production of products, but also tell your staff about all the intricacies of working on these machines.

Machine overview

Let's start right away with the good news. mass produced in Russia. Therefore, there is a choice, as they say, and the prices are quite reasonable. You can buy a set of installations literally in every region of the country, which, of course, significantly reduces the cost of transporting machines to the place of their future operation.

Speaking of leaders, the most popular among customers are POLYMERSTROY 18 machines. A manufacturing company from Izhevsk offers not only a wide range of high-quality machines of its own design, but also equipment from trusted suppliers from the Middle Kingdom. For example, in their product line there are 2 universal crushing units of polymeric raw materials of Russian and Chinese production. 300-watt machines are designed for grinding hard, soft and film plastics to a 5-8 mm fraction.

POLYMERSTROY 18 also offers an extruder of its own design, which, due to a variety of modifications, can be combined with various types of related equipment. The productivity of the melting and heating machine is 600 kg/h. Depending on the tasks, you can also select presses from the D24 series with a force of 100 to 400 tons. Foreign-made digital control units are used as the program control body of the press. With their help, it is possible to produce, say, up to 50 sewer manholes or about 140 sq.m of paving slabs per day. Well, in general, Izhevsk molds made of alloyed structural steels (40X and 45X) make it possible to produce about two dozen types of various products.

Another leading manufacturer of polymer sand equipment is located in the city of Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk region. The MONOLITH enterprise has established itself throughout the country from the Baltic States to Far East. Here you can purchase a set of machines for organizing a full-fledged production. Firstly, a radial shredder for plastics up to 8 mm thick and with a capacity of 100 kg/h. Second, energy-saving extruder own brand Mastek, producing 500-600 kg polymer sand mixture at one o'clock. Thirdly, a semi-automatic molding press with a force of 100 tons. As well as additional equipment: a unit for drying and sifting sand, a forced mixer, an agglomerator for processing polyethylene films into granules, etc.

Let's talk about another domestic manufacturer, the installations of which are worth paying attention to. This is POLYMER-TECHNOLOGY from the city of Orsk, Orenburg region. According to the specialists of this enterprise, the guarantee for polymer-sand products made on their equipment is at least 50 years! And the resource of each mold with proper operation is 5 years! The minimum set of installations includes 3 units: a polymer crusher, a thermal screw mixing machine and a molding unit with a vertical hydraulic press. Chopper capacity - 700 kg/h; extruder - 250-370 kg/h. And another competitive advantage of this manufacturer is the cost of equipment. The basic set (and in fact - a whole mini-factory) will cost only 772 thousand rubles.

Paving slabs from PET melting heating unit. Equipment for the production of polymer sand products. Production technology and equipment used

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