The cost of sidewalk. We open a business - the production of paving slabs. Production of paving slabs: equipment, personnel, premises - financial calculations

When ennobling any territory, one cannot do without a comfortable and beautiful road surface. Production of paving slabs as a business: profitability, a plan with income and cost calculations in a review for start-up entrepreneurs.

Advantages and disadvantages

Paving slabs are a popular building material for arranging paths and playgrounds in a wide variety of places:

• city ​​parks, squares, roads, squares;
• area in front of shops and other business enterprises;
• yards in private and apartment buildings.

The competition in this sector of the economy is very high, but the huge volumes of consumption allow all manufacturers of high-quality paving stones to make a profit.

Entrepreneurs are attracted by the following points:

1. Lack of permission to open your own business.
2. Simplicity of legal registration.
3. The need for a small number of employees.
4. Simple technological process.
5. An opportunity to earn additional income from the provision of tile laying services.
6. High level of profitability.

The negatives include:

• Seasonality - most of the production falls on the warm season, since in winter a small amount of construction work is carried out.
• The same type and monotonous work - in connection with this, staff turnover is possible.
• Expensive equipment - paving stones are produced on a large scale using machines costing up to half a million rubles.

You can download a business plan for the production of paving slabs with calculations at.

Business plan

In order not to miss anything when starting a paving slab project, you must adhere to the following action plan:

1. Marketing research of the market.
2. Study of tile production technology.
3. Company registration.
4. Room rental.
5. Purchase of equipment and materials.
6. Search for workers.
7. Organization of advertising and sales.
8. Calculation of profitability.

To save time, you can do several things at the same time, for example, purchase equipment and hire workers.

The owner of the production of paving slabs may need a business plan in case of raising borrowed funds - a bank loan or a non-commercial loan.

Marketing

There are many varieties of tiles on the market that differ in characteristics and production methods. Starting "from scratch" the release of several types at once is expensive and risky. It is better to determine the most demanded goods and only after the enterprise begins to bring a stable profit, expand production.

You can identify a sales leader both on your own and by ordering a study of a marketing company. Also at this stage, it is necessary to determine the lower and upper price limits for tiles in order to be able to compete without harming their own business.

Another option is possible: if any niche turns out to be free during the analysis of the market, then if there is demand, you can take a strong position in the production of unique products.

Technology

There are three main types of coverage:

• Ordinary concrete tile, which is paved with sidewalks and paths. Color and shape can be very varied, even with 3D designs.
• Polymer plastic tiles. With the help of additives, it is given the necessary properties - frost resistance, reinforcement, water resistance. Polymer tile has a longer service life, it is easier to process and more pleasant to operate than concrete.
• Soft paving slabs. The basis for production is shredded car tires. Such a coating is used in the arrangement of sports fields, outdoor pools and other traumatic places. The tile withstands a wide range of temperatures, is highly resistant to adverse environments, and has a non-slip rubber surface.

In production, two approaches are used:

1. Vibrocasting is a simple and cheap method of manufacturing tiles that are not very strong and of high quality. First, a concrete mixture is prepared in a concrete mixer from cement, crushed stone, sand and additives. Then the mixture is poured into molds on a vibrating table, which works until the tile surface is moistened. The molds are dried on pallets in the room for two days, then they are heated for several minutes to 60ºС-70ºС to remove the tiles on a vibrating table. In the process of heating and knocking out the matrix, cracks and chips can form on the paving stones, especially if unskilled labor and cheap equipment are used.
2. Vibropressing and hyperpressing - this method uses expensive equipment, but the tiles are of high quality. As with vibrocasting, a molding sand is prepared, which is compacted with a vibropress or hydraulic press. Such a tile is dried for 8-9 hours in a natural way or 5-6 hours with hot steam. Since manual labor is minimized, there are practically no defective products.

To produce high-quality tiles, you need to consider the following nuances:

• Polymer forms are treated with a special agent that removes static charge during the first use. In the future, it is desirable to apply lubrication with emulsol and, after finishing the manufacture of tiles, rinse with a 7% solution of hydrochloric acid.
• To preserve moisture in the tile during drying, it is covered with a film. But then the drying time increases.

The finished paving stones are carefully laid on wooden pallets, fixed with film and tape. Store tiles in a dry, warm and well-ventilated warehouse.

Legal registration

The owner of the enterprise can register as an individual entrepreneur or open a limited liability company. Next, you need to get registered with the Federal Tax Service and social funds. The simplified taxation system makes it possible to submit reports once a year with the payment of tax as a percentage of revenue and fixed social contributions.

No special permissions are required to operate. If it is necessary to issue a quality certificate to the customer for a tile, you must provide a product sample to the certification service.

room

The manufacture of paving slabs as a business cannot be carried out at home - for the location of equipment and storage of finished products on an industrial scale, a room with an area of ​​​​at least 70 square meters is required. m. In the industrial zone of any city there is a free workshop or a suitable warehouse at an affordable price.

Basic requirements for a mini-factory:

1. Availability of communications - water supply, sewerage, electricity.
2. Insulated premises and availability of heating, if it is planned not to stop production during the cold season.
3. Change house for workers or the possibility of self-arrangement of a residential area.
4. Separate areas for production and warehouse.
5. High ceilings.
6. Access road adapted for freight transport.

It is advisable to find a room near the wholesale bases selling raw materials for production in order to save on delivery.

Equipment and raw materials

The list of necessary equipment for any production technology includes:

• concrete mixer (for the manufacture of two-layer tiles you need 2 pieces);
• matrices of various types in the amount of 150-200 pieces (there are metal, plastic, wood, silicone);
• container for washing forms;
• a heated container for removing tiles from the matrix;
• racks for drying tiles;
• pallets for storage of finished products;
• packaging tools and accessories;
• scales;
• hydraulic trolley for moving pallets with tiles.

Depending on the method of making pavers, you will need:

1. Vibrating table.
2. Hydropress.

New equipment is quite expensive (from 100,000 to 500,000 rubles), used equipment is 30-40 percent cheaper. A vibrating table and iron molds can be made on your own if you have experience in mechanical engineering and the ability to work with metal. But at the same time, the production technology and the quality of the finished product are called into question.

If you have free start-up capital, you can purchase a ready-made tile production line for 800,000 rubles. - 1,000,000 rubles

Raw materials for concrete pavers are cheap and readily available. Recipe for the manufacture of 1 square. m. paving slabs 6 cm high:

This is the most common composition among manufacturers. Also, in the manufacture, you can use crumb rubber, glue, wire mesh, polymers, clay.

An important point: in order to obtain consistently high-quality products, the components for the preparation of the mixture must be of the same brand and manufacturer.

Employees

The number of required workers at the plant for the production of paving stones depends on the planned production volumes. For example, for production by vibrocompression 50 sq. m. paving per shift will require 3 people:

• machine worker;
• handyman;
• loader.

Administrative work, marketing and accounting activities at the enterprise at first can be performed by the owner. After the plant becomes profitable, it makes sense to hire specialists.

Particular attention should be paid to safety, to give workers overalls and protective equipment.

Sales of products

For a novice entrepreneur, the main buyers of paving slabs are the owners of private houses and retail outlets. To receive an order from a construction company, it will be necessary to certify products.

The first customers may be acquaintances or relatives who need to ennoble the territory. You need to search for orders through ads in local newspapers, the construction press, information portals on the Internet. A good result is participation in specialized fairs and exhibitions and contacts with supply agents for construction companies.

Sometimes customers receive orders for tiles with laying. To provide turnkey services, you can conclude an agreement with an installation company or hire workers for each case.

To attract large customers, you need to make discounts, for example, when buying a certain amount of products, offer free shipping and give a guarantee for operation.

Video: how to open a paving slab business?

Economic calculations

To determine the amount of investment in a tile project, you need to make a cost-income calculation and calculate whether it is profitable to engage in this business.

Starting production by vibrocompression includes the following costs:

Half of the investment is the cost of purchasing equipment. Vibratory casting technology does not use expensive equipment and you can start a business with 700,000 rubles available. - 750,000 rubles.

Fixed costs in the manufacture of paving stones per month consist of:

The cost of 1 square. m. paving slabs will cost the entrepreneur 280 rubles. In the course of work, additional costs may arise for equipment repairs, product certification, incentive payments to employees, etc.

The income of the plant will depend on the volume of production and sale of tiles. Presumably, with a production rate per day of 50 sq. m. of paving stones and sales of 80% for 600 rubles, the monthly turnover will be:

With such calculations, investments will pay off in 4 months - this is a very high figure for production. If you also provide tile laying services, then the profitability will be even higher.

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• Step-by-step business plan for the production of paving slabs: where to start
• How much money do you need to start a business
• Production of paving slabs: what documents are needed
  • • • Similar business ideas:

Starting investments in opening a business for the production of paving slabs amount to no more than 200 thousand rubles. The profitability of the business reaches 50%, and the equipment payback is only 3 months.

Characteristics of paving slabs

The attractiveness of the production of tiles lies in the fact that the state and private individuals are increasingly using it for laying sidewalks and household plots. And this is logical, because the pavement is more reliable, easier to repair and looks much more attractive than concrete or asphalt. And the laying process itself is understandable to many homeowners, in contrast to the same asphalt, the laying technology of which is known to the best of 5% of the country's population.

For the production of paving slabs with a volume of 1000 m2 per month, it will be necessary to rent a room with an area of ​​at least 100 m2 with a warehouse and a place to install a drying chamber. The cost of renting such a room is in the range of 20 to 30 thousand rubles per month, depending on the region.

To organize a mini-production of paving slabs, it is enough to attract no more than 3 people. At the initial stage, you will need one moulder, a dismantler and an accountant.

What equipment to choose for the manufacture of paving slabs

The total cost of purchasing such a set of equipment will be about 130 thousand rubles, taking into account the purchase of plastic molds.

When choosing equipment for the production of paving slabs, it is recommended to pay attention to domestic production equipment. It may partially lose in terms of manufacturability and level of automation to imported counterparts, but our equipment is cheaper, easier to repair, easier to find spare parts and, due to its simplicity, does not require hiring highly qualified workers.

The raw materials for the production of paving slabs are crushed stone screenings, sand, Portland cement, chemical additives (plasticizers, concrete modifiers, etc.), dry pigments and water.

Paving slab production technology

The technological process for the production of paving slabs is not complicated, and includes such stages as the preparation of a concrete mixture, the preparation of molds, the formation on a vibrating table, the holding of products in molds, the stripping of products and the packaging of finished tiles.

Shapes are the key element in tile production. Forms can be plastic, rubber and polyurethane. The most practical are rubber molds, as they can withstand up to 500 cycles of use. Plastic molds are slightly inferior to them in strength, they last for 200-250 cycles, and polyurethane molds for only 100 cycles.

Forms before pouring concrete are lubricated with chemical additives based on C-3 plasticizer, which improves the mobility of concrete during spreading, increases the strength and frost resistance of products.

For the preparation of concrete, it is recommended to use cement grades M500 and M400. Crushed stone with fractions of 0.5-0.10 cm is used as a coarse aggregate, and building sands with a particle size of at least 2 are used as fine aggregates. Crushed stone and sand are mixed in proportions of 1: 1.

After preparing the concrete mixture, it is placed in molds and compacted on a vibrating table. Then the vibrated products are stacked on a pallet and sent to a drying cabinet, where they are kept in molds for a day.

The disassembly of the tiles is carried out on the disassembly table with the help of nozzles. The demoulding of one tile lasts about 5 seconds.

Upon completion of the formwork, the finished tiles are placed on pallets. The packaging of products is carried out using packaging scissors, tape and metal staples. The final strength of the tile is gaining within 21 days.

The cost of production of 1 m2 of paving slabs averages 250 rubles. At the same time, the main costs are made up of material costs and wages of hired personnel. The wholesale selling price of tiles reaches 450 rubles / m2.

How much can you earn by opening the production of paving slabs

Net profit after payment of all taxes is 120 rubles/m2. In the production of paving slabs with a volume of 1000 m2 per month, the entrepreneur's profit is about 120 thousand rubles.

The payback of equipment, subject to 100% sales of the produced tiles, can be only 3 months.

There are a huge number of important products in the construction market. One of them is paving slabs, which partially or completely covers pedestrian areas near roads and other areas, such as squares, etc. In this article, we will try to consider in detail the business plan for the production of paving slabs and find out if it makes sense to open such a business in Russia. Please note that the competition in this area is quite high, but the demand from construction companies and individuals for this material is also significant.

Some general information

You must understand that the business is seasonal, so you will receive the main income from spring to mid-autumn. To create your own small factory, you will need to invest quite a lot. This amount will not be less if you purchase a business that is already ready for launch. In the latter case, on the one hand, you have an order of magnitude less trouble, and on the other hand, you do not control the assembly quality of the production line, which is not good. The main direction is the production of paving slabs, but along with this, no one bothers you to make 3D, luminous or even polymer tiles. All this will allow you to attract a maximum of customers in a short time and acquire precious regular customers. But let's go ahead and talk about building a business as such.

Registration and selection of production premises

Before you begin, you must draw up a competent business plan for the production of paving slabs. The first step is to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur. This registration form will be enough for you. Since the manufacture of paving slabs is not subject to any additional certification, the procedure for obtaining a license is much simpler here. However, there is one "but".

As practice shows, most of the buyers prefer to purchase tiles tested by experts. Therefore, you must submit your product for examination, where it will be tested for frost resistance, strength and abrasion. If the result is satisfactory, then you will receive a product quality certificate that you can show off to customers. As for the production premises, the main thing here is to find a plant with an area of ​​more than 70 square meters. The location can be almost anything, as there are no special requirements for this item. To connect modern equipment, you need 360 V. In addition, you need to choose a place to install a drying chamber, where the temperature should be around 40 degrees Celsius.

We buy equipment for the production of paving slabs

You have several paths. One of them is production by vibrocompression. In order to set up production in this way, you will need to buy a vibropress. The higher its performance, the higher the price. A mid-range unit will set you back about $20,000. Of course, we can not do without a concrete mixer, as well as a punch. For all this you will spend no more than 8-10 thousand.

As noted a little above, there are several production methods. In order to establish the manufacture of tiles in the second way, that is, by vibrocasting, less money will be needed, since the technology here is slightly different, and we will talk about this a little lower. The main equipment is a vibrating table worth 6-7 thousand dollars and a concrete mixer. The price of the latter may vary, depending on the brand and capacity. On average, it is 600-1000 dollars. You also need to buy molds for future tiles. Here you choose for yourself - which ones you like best, and buy them. For one form you need to pay about 10-20 dollars.

Vibrocompression production technology

There are three main stages here. The first step is to prepare the concrete. To do this, use a concrete mixer. As a rule, two types of mixture are used. If it is made single-layer, then one concrete mixer is needed, if two-layer, then, respectively, two. After the molding mass is obtained, it must be transported to the vibropress.

At the second stage, the press vibrator and punch work. The presence of pulses contributes to the fact that the mixture is compacted. According to the technology, the process should last only 3-5 seconds, after which the matrix rises, and the remaining pallet is sent to the drying chamber.

At the final stage, the tile "reaches" to full readiness. To do this, it is dried on water vapor. It is extremely important to choose the right duration. The fact is that with increasing time, the strength of the product increases. So, at 6-8 hours of drying, the product can withstand a load of 2 MPa, which is quite enough.

Vibrocasting technology

In fact, these two methods are somewhat similar, but the sequence and some details are slightly different. Here, for example, it is possible to set up the production of paving slabs from waste (sand, polyethylene, etc.). In principle, this is a good solution that will help to significantly reduce the cost of funds for the purchase of raw materials. At the first stage of this technology, the mixture is prepared: polyethylene is melted and sand is mixed with cement. After that, the mass is placed in pre-prepared molds for tiles. Further, the forms are laid out on pallets, and in this form the product is left for about two days. At the final stage, the finished tile must be removed from the mold. It is not so easy to do this. The easiest way is to use short-term heating (1-2 minutes), and then remove the tile.

Profitability, product sales and recruitment

Most experts give very good numbers when they talk about the profitability of such a business. If we take the average value, then it is 100-130%. Here you need to understand that there is a place for defective products. There is no getting away from this, your business plan for the production of paving slabs should take this into account. The only thing that can help is the further use of an unusable product in construction.

The wider the range of forms and types of products you produce, the easier it will be to implement. The number of loyal customers will constantly increase, but only if you can give them what they want. To begin with, it is recommended to purchase lines for the production of paving slabs of medium productivity. If all goes well, you can expand further. Much depends on the capacity of the plant. If the daily output does not exceed 50 square meters of tiles, then 3-4 people are enough to be responsible for the process.

A little about advertising your business

If you ask yourself what it takes to make paving slabs, the answer is relatively simple: good equipment and smart workers. However, good advertising is necessary for its implementation. This approach will significantly speed up the process of increasing the popularity of your organization. Advertise in the newspaper that a new tile factory has opened for every taste. Post a few flashy updates online, describe your assortment, etc. Of course, you may not be active, buyers will still come, but not so soon and not in such numbers. Competent advertising can do a lot, believe me.

A few important points

This business can be called profitable and profitable, however, it is subject to seasonality, which should not be forgotten. If you wish, you can preserve your production for several months. It is possible to establish the production of paving slabs as a business rather quickly, since there is no additional certification required and there are no special requirements for the production premises. The main thing is that it is safe for workers and clean. Offer your customers transportation and tiling services. So you organize a full range of services, and this is very attractive to the buyer.

Conclusion

Here we have considered the main details on this topic. Set up the production of paving slabs from plastic bottles, and you will not only save on the purchase of raw materials, but also be able to make a quality product. However, you must understand that even high-quality tiles for a high price will not be bought from you, especially if you have just opened. Therefore, you must have good products at an affordable price. This is what your business plan for the production of paving slabs should look like. There is no complicated technological process and many units, so you can organize such a business quickly enough. But do not forget about quality control at all stages of production, your staff should monitor this.

Modern construction is not complete without paving slabs, so many entrepreneurs are setting up their own production of concrete products. In order to fully and accurately assess the profitability, compare the advantages and disadvantages of such a business, it is necessary to study this issue thoroughly.

Paving slab production: niche assessment

Paving slabs are in high demand in any region of the country. It has the widest range not only in shades, but also in shapes, configurations, sizes. With its help, you can create true masterpieces on the streets of the city and private areas. Therefore, the production of paving slabs is considered the most profitable business in our time.

In order for your tiles to be successful, you must adhere to the basic manufacturing techniques. Performance characteristics must be met:

• resistance to frost and high temperatures;
• strength;
• endurance to mechanical impact;
• durability, and more.

If we evaluate the sales niche, vibropressed paving slabs are the most popular. For example, ordinary paving stones are the sales leader - they are bought in 60 cases out of 100. The rest of the types are distributed approximately equally - 20-40%.

Characteristics of the most popular types of paving slabs

Vibropressed. Made from concrete mix. In the production, special vibropressing equipment is used. Refers to the most common. It has high quality indicators and a wide range.

vibrocasting. It is made according to the previous method, but with the difference that the tile is not pressed, but is made by casting on vibration equipment. Also belongs to the demanded type, has high quality.

Polymer sand. In the manufacture of polymeric substances are used. Differs in the widest range of shades and textures. It is possible to imitate stone, wood, slate and other natural materials. Durability is at a high level.

Glowing. Such a tile is not a sales leader, as it has a high cost. Most often it is bought for private territories. Quality indicators are good, it is used mainly for decorative purposes.

Rubber. By production rubber raw materials are used. A distinctive feature is anti-slip properties. The quality is high.

Any manufacturer at the initial stage of opening a business is engaged in the manufacture of exclusively vibropressed and vibrocast paving slabs. The fact is that such a building material requires a minimum of investment and has a high level of payback. In 2-3 months you can fully return the invested funds and get the first profit.

You can get acquainted with the production technology of vibrocompression paving slabs by watching the video:

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• payback rate;
• the opportunity to earn 100-200 rubles per 1 square. m. products, and this is a significant amount, since the buyer immediately purchases a large number of tiles;
• a wide range of sales - from individuals to government agencies;
• there is no seasonality in sales, as modern paving slabs can be installed under any weather conditions.

Flaws:

• expensive equipment;
• the need to initially invest a large amount of money;
• will have to rent a room for the production workshop.

How to start making paving slabs: starting costs

Before you start your own production of paving slabs, you need to calculate the costs at the start, that is, determine the amount of investment. First of all, it is calculated production cost. The tile is made from flat-cement concrete and a special plasticizer, which improves quality indicators. A cubic meter will cost you about 2800-3000 rubles. About 15-17 square meters can be made from a cubic meter. m. paving slabs. Thus, the average cost of 1 sq. m. tiles will be at least 170 rubles.

Do not forget about spending on electricity, wages of workers, rent of premises. There may also be other production costs. Therefore, at least 50 rubles must be added to 170 rubles. Therefore, your paving slabs will cost you 220 rubles for at least 1 sq. m. There is an opportunity to purchase raw materials cheaper, but in this case, pay special attention to quality indicators.

Be sure to think about employees who will need to be paid at the end of the month (week). Initially, you do not know how fast the sale will go, so the amount wages you should have in stock. If a small production is planned, for example, in a 50 sq. m, then it will be enough for you to hire only 2-3 workers.

Provided that you find buyers in a short time, the profitability of production will be 150%. To do this, at the initial stages, you can make tiles from inexpensive materials.

Registration and certification

In order for your business to be legal, you need to register. With a small production, it is possible to register as an individual entrepreneur. This will make it possible to choose a profitable and simplified taxation system, which will be only 6%. Special certification for paving slabs is not required, which further simplifies the task. However, the majority of buyers require a quality certificate, so it is advisable to order it additionally. To do this, you need to contact the certification service and provide them with samples of each of your goods. The service checks the degree of moisture resistance, strength, resistance to various temperature extremes. Be sure to take into account resistance to mechanical stress, fading in the sun and color retention.

Organization, equipment

To properly organize your business, you must first purchase the appropriate equipment. It must be reliable and of high quality. If there is no required amount, it can be rented at the initial stages. You will need the following:

1. For vibropressed paving slabs you need vibropress. The price from foreign manufacturers is about $20,000. It needs to be purchased additionally. concrete mixer, the cost of which is $ 5,000. You will also need punch for $3,000.
2. For the manufacture of vibrocast paving slabs, you need to buy a special vibrating table. Its price is only $4,000. concrete mixer can be purchased for as little as $600.
3. You can't do without forms. One form costs from $1 to $8.
4. Forms should be washed after each use. Therefore you will need large capacity. Here you can use a regular bath. But if you decide to purchase a professional model, it will cost you at least $1,000.
5. To store finished products, you need to buy special pallets.
6. Purchase Desktop, on which you will remove the paving slab from the mold.
7. You will also need a tensioning device for clamping bands, staples, PP tape, stretch film, a forklift.

Warehouse space

The premises for the warehouse and directly the production can be rented or purchased. It must meet certain requirements:

• the presence of heating, since the production requires an air temperature of 15-40 degrees;
• water supply of the central type;
• electricity with a voltage of 380 volts;
• The minimum area must be 50 sq. m;
• ventilation.

Purchase of raw materials

In order to avoid unnecessary costs, it is necessary to correctly purchase raw materials. For example, for the production of 30 sq. m. of paving slabs, you need to buy 0.8 tons of cement, 2.3 kg of plasticizer, 2.5 kg of sand-granite mixture and coloring pigments in the entire palette. Finding a supplier is easy. You can independently apply to the management of the mining quarry. This method will be the most profitable. If this is not possible, you can find an intermediary company, and there are a lot of them today.

1. Try to purchase cement, pigments and other components from one manufacturer. This is especially important for the pigment, since each manufacturer has peculiar shades of the same color.
2. The storage room should be well ventilated and free of high humidity.
3. Fractions of crushed granite should be at least 5 mm, maximum 10.
4. The most popular plasticizer is C3.

When choosing a supplier, be sure to ask about its reputation and experience in the market. Remember, it must be reliable and proven.

How to implement? The most common ways

In the process of opening the production of paving slabs, take care of advance advertising. After all, this is how you can interest a potential buyer. Initially, make samples of tiles of various shapes, sizes and shades. Create a product catalog, order booklets, which will contain information about the product, its advantage, assortment.

The most common and reliable ways to sell products:

1. Information is best placed on Internet sites.
2. It is advisable to create your own website.
3. You can also find customers through advertisements in a newspaper, magazine, television, etc. It is especially important to advertise in a specialized construction publication, since it is the consumer audience that reads it.
4. Order advertising in public transport, starting from a fixed-route taxi and ending with the subway.
5. Hang advertisements in holiday villages and in private sector areas, especially if it is an elite microdistrict.
6. A fairly popular method of self-promotion is participation in specialized exhibitions.
7. You can use direct mail.
8. Organize a point of sale (you can even at the place of production).
9. Experienced manufacturers can also use an unusual marketing ploy. For example, offer a company or government agency a free service. That is, you will pave paving slabs in front of the building for free. In return, you must provide advertising.

The main consumers of paving slabs

Who most often buys concrete products:

1. Construction companies of any type, buyers for the construction of municipal buildings, fulfillment of other types of orders.
2. Private persons.
3. Legal persons.

Paving slabs are by far the most popular building material. With its help, a beautiful view is created on the streets, in courtyards, parks and squares, and it looks better than asphalt, even the highest quality.

Many businessmen who know a lot about production and sales are increasingly choosing it for their product.

There are enough pros in this business, but there are also disadvantages:

• Firstly, more and more tiles are bought for the beautiful decoration of cities and private houses. Customers often do not look at the high cost of paving stones, so the prospect of its manufacture is quite understandable. But you need to remember that many people want to earn money, so the competition here is high.
• Secondly, it is easy to arrange such a business. Documents are not needed here stating that this product has special certificates, and in this case the owner of the future production only needs. He can even not fully understand the production technology and in general in the construction industry. If the manufacturer wants to present documents on the quality of goods to its customers in the future, then a special certification service will help him in this by conducting a special study. They will check all the properties of the products and enter them in the quality certificate.
• Thirdly, the production facility can be located anywhere, and with the purchase of high-quality imported equipment and with a small footprint, the staff can consist of only three people.

Everyone can produce tiles due to the simple process of its manufacture. One has only to know that workers will be engaged in boring and monotonous work. With all this, this business, with its proper construction, is characterized by high profitability and quick payback, although orders may come seasonally.

Varieties of material

There are only two types of coverage on the market:

• vibrocast tiles can be bought everywhere because of the ease of its manufacture. You need to choose it for laying in those places where a small load is expected on the tracks.
• Vibropressed and hydropressed tiles fit where heavy traffic is expected with a large impact on it.

Paving stones also differ in the material from which they were made:

• Most often it is made concrete, as from the cheapest substance, and this material is the only one for the manufacture of vibrocast tiles.
• Clay- this is another raw material for the production of vibro- and hydropressed paving stones. It will cost more, but the quality will be higher, comparable to roofing tiles.
• The most expensive variety of high-strength paving slabs is produced from various natural stones such as granite.

Required premises and equipment

Special equipment for the vibrocompression process will cost about 30 thousand dollars and include vibropress, concrete mixer and punch. Equipment for vibrocasting is much cheaper. Vibrating table, molds and concrete mixer will cost their owner about 5 thousand dollars.

After choosing a production method, you need to find a suitable room with an area from 70 sq.m. The higher the expected production volumes, the more it should be. The room can be located anywhere, it all depends on the choice of the owner. It is worth choosing an industrial area with convenient access routes. Warehouses with production space would be the best option. Saving on the delivery of the necessary raw materials is not only possible, but also necessary. This is feasible when the future workshop is located not far from cheap raw material bases.

The main thing is the characteristics of the room. The electrical voltage in it must be at least 360 V. Great if it is always heated. A sewerage system with cold and hot water is required.

You also need to remember about a constant temperature of 35 to 45 degrees Celsius in the chamber for drying finished products and in the warehouse. There should be a warm floor, and such conditions should be maintained year-round.

Required raw materials and their purchase

Concrete mixture is the starting material for the production of paving slabs. It consists of cement, which is its main component, crushed stone (granite screenings) with a fraction of 5 to 10 mm and building sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm.

Additional components that may be present in the mixture are a plasticizer, various additives to increase its strength, cold resistance and water resistance, and coloring pigments. With their help, tiles of small architectural forms are stained: paving stones, artificial stone, paving option.

All products should be made only from high-quality raw materials and follow the production technology as accurately as possible.

All purchases should ideally be made from the same manufacturer, especially with a large order for all types of materials. If you change the brand or any component for production, then not only the color of the product may change, but even important characteristics. This is fraught with various problems with buyers and large losses.

Types of production technologies

Paving slabs are made in three ways:

• Vibrocompression. With its help, not only paving stones are made, but also stones for walls and partitions, as well as curbs. The technology of such production consists of three stages and includes:
  • preparation of concrete in a concrete mixer;
  • molding with vibrators and a punch. The material placed on a special pallet is compacted in a few seconds due to the impact of vibration impulses. Later, the matrix and punch are removed, leaving almost finished paving stones on the pallet;
  • drying. The pallet with the products must dry either under the influence of ordinary water vapor, or simply in the room. Ready-made concrete gains the necessary strength within 5-8 hours.
• Hyperpressing similar to vibrocompression, but instead of vibration, strong pressure under a hydraulic press is used to compact the mixture. Many tiles can be produced in this way, and the presence of a large number of people is not required due to full automation. The absence of the human factor reduces the cost and also positively affects the quality of products.
• vibrocasting is the third way of production. During the process, it is necessary to prepare the concrete mixture and lay it out in special forms located on the vibrating table. These forms are laid out on pallets and left for 48 hours right in the production room. Then the finished tile is heated for 2 minutes to 60-70 degrees and gently knocked out of the molds on a vibrating table. Of course, with this method of production, especially when using cheap equipment in conjunction with manual labor, there will be much more chips and cracks than with vibrocompression. It is worth considering in advance the use of low-quality paving slabs in other construction industries.

You can learn more about the manufacturing process of products in the following video:

Sales channels

Advertising is the engine of progress! It all starts with her, especially in this type of business. You can resort to its traditional methods: advertising on television (preferably on popular channels, although it will be a little expensive), in magazines and newspapers on construction topics, on the Internet, on billboards, in transport and other crowded places.

It is also worth contacting the heads of construction companies directly and offering them your cooperation. This will help establish distribution channels and recoup the cost of starting a business for the first half of the year. The main thing is not to sit still, actively promote and advertise your product, talking about its advantages.

General costs

Starting a business is always fraught with spending money. The production of tiles can be laid in a relatively small amount:

• Certification of compliance with high quality standards - from 100 to 300 dollars. It is not necessary to pass it, but it is worth doing to maintain the prestige of your product.
• The cost of rent for industrial premises, depending on their location, condition and area, is from 500 to 1000 dollars per month.
• The cost of the selected equipment is from 3,000 to 30,000 dollars.
• Salary to employees per month - from 1000 to 2000 dollars.

The total starting capital will be $4,500 to $33,300.

Profit calculation

When calculating income from the sale of tiles, it is worth considering:

• the volume of its implementation per month (in sq. m.) * the cost of 1 sq. m. m.;
• minus the cost (costs for the production of goods);
• minus VAT (it is 6%).

So, the manufacture of paving slabs is a fairly profitable project. With the right consistent actions and a high-quality technological process, the payback for six months or a year will be 100-120%. Everything mainly depends on the size of production and established distribution channels.