Breeding piglets as a business at home. Pig farming as a business idea: how can you make money breeding pigs? Pigsty and its equipment

All about pig breeding in detail. Consider a ready-made business plan for pig farming. Pig breeding at home is quite a promising business. Pig breeding experts advise opening a pig farm for at least 300-350 heads, otherwise it will not be profitable. A beginner should not start a larger number of pigs, since this number of heads will be optimal for the start.

Is pig farming profitable? Pigs, in comparison with other animals, absorb feed very well. For example, a chicken absorbs only 20% of the feed, and a pig - a whole third. Also, pigs have a very high slaughter yield, that is, carcass weight in relation to live weight, equal to 70-85%. In young cattle, it is 50-60%. Pigs are very prolific. For one farrowing, the sow brings 10-12 piglets. Farrowing time is 3 months 3 weeks and 3 days. Feeding piglets lasts from 30 to 60 days. During the year, a pig usually has 2 farrowings, as a result of which it brings 20-25 piglets.

In addition, piglets gain weight very quickly. By the time of weaning from the sow by the age of two months, piglets of an ordinary white pig weigh 16-20 kg. With good feeding, piglets reach 100 kg of weight by the age of six months and can already be slaughtered. For the profitability of pig breeding, it is better to raise not one, but several piglets at the same time. Economic calculations show that when keeping two pigs of 8 months of age, each of them eats 30% more feed than each of them kept alone. However, when choosing the number of pigs for breeding, you should calculate all your feed options. Indeed, with insufficient feeding of pigs, their growth will stop and they may develop various diseases. Compared to cattle, the gain in pigs is 10-12 times better. On average, from one sow, taking into account all her piglets, in one year you can get up to 3 tons of meat, which is 3.5 times higher than that of cattle. The weight of an adult sow reaches 280 kg, and a boar - 380 kg.

Useful for the pig breeder will be the following table of the structure of the pig carcass.

If you decide to build a pigsty from scratch, then you will need a building permit. Please note that no one will allow you to build a pig farm within the city, only in the countryside. In addition, the construction of a pig farm cannot be located near water sources. While you are selecting a piece of land for the premises, order a project. Pigs are clean animals. The room must be dry and clean. If you take into operation an old farm for rent, then you should definitely make a total disinfection. With a high degree of probability, you can find an abandoned building of an old Soviet pig farm not very far from the city.

The pigsty room should have the following characteristics:

• The temperature in the room should be maintained in the range of 18-22 degrees. In no case should the temperature in the pigsty fall below 12 degrees, so in winter you should definitely take care of heating the room, otherwise the pigs will lose in growth and you will incur losses;
• It is also necessary to provide for good ventilation and the complete absence of drafts;
• The ceiling height must be at least 2.5 meters, and the windows must be located at a height of at least 1.5 meters from the floor, which must be opened to ventilate the room;
• The walls in the pigsty are best plastered and whitewashed with lime;
• If there is a concrete floor in the room, then it should be covered with wooden shields, and ideally, a system of slotted floors should be used, which prevent waste from accumulating;
• To insulate the pigsty, the walls are insulated with boards to a height of about 1 meter, and also sections for pens should also be separated by boards;
• The pens should be conditionally divided into two parts: a corner for feeding pigs and a corner for their livelihoods.

As for the area of ​​​​the premises itself, then there will be a direct dependence on the number of heads. According to GOST, one pig should have 2.5-3 square meters, however, pig breeding experts advise laying 4 squares for a pig intended for fattening, and five squares for a sow. If we add vestibules and aisles to everything, then 300 square meters will be needed for 50 heads. In order for the pigs to feel better and be healthier, they should be equipped with a pen for walking in the fresh air.

The pig farm itself should consist of the following elements:

• building for sows;
• the building of the maternity ward;
• building for insemination;
• fattening building;
• slaughter;
• refrigerating chamber for several tons;
• water tower;
• granary;
• transformer box;
• sanitary inspection room with sauna;
• guarded entrance to the farm.

Pigsty heating

As the most economical heating option, devices for direct combustion of liquid fuel or gas are used, namely, blower heat generators. For pens with piglets, water mats are used, into which hot water is supplied from a water-heating boiler. Air heat generators cannot be used for mother liquors, but ribbed tubes of general heating should be used.

Necessary equipment

The choice of equipment for the pigsty will depend on the organized way of feeding the pigs: dry or liquid. In the first case, the cost of equipment is 2-3 times lower, so the dry feeding method is most widely used. In addition, there will be fewer questions from regulatory authorities regarding this method of feeding. If you will be using a standard square or rectangular pigsty, then spiral feed line, supplying feed from the bunker. In the case of a non-standard shaped pigsty, more complex and expensive equipment will be needed - chain-washer conveyor.

• machine tools;
• feed loader for transporting and loading dry feed;
• lighting;
• pigsty heating equipment: heating lamps for piglets;
• plumbing: a water treatment unit with a pressure regulator, a mechanical filter, a medicator, including cup and teat drinkers;
• spiral feed pipeline or chain-washer conveyor;
• manure removal system.

Pigsty staff

1. First, you need a veterinarian. Diseases of pigs lead to direct losses, as pigs lose weight, their meat can become inedible, and the pig can die as a result of a serious disease. The meat of healthy pigs is valued much higher. The duties of the veterinarian include taking the necessary measures to prevent diseases, as well as advising other employees.
2. Secondly, you need a livestock specialist who maintains all the installed and operating equipment in the pigsty. The livestock specialist oversees the process of breeding animals, develops and implements new methods, monitors compliance with the regime for keeping animals. In relatively small farms, the functions of a pigsty and animal husbandry can be combined by one person.
3. Of course, you need to hire pig farmers. 4 pig breeders are needed for 300 heads. To save money, you can hire one experienced pig breeder and three assistants. for this number of heads. The pig breeder is engaged in the control of the number of livestock, fattening the sow, weighing and moving the pigs, monitoring the cleaning of manure, sending animals for slaughter, etc.
4. A farm of 300 pigs will need two laborers to clean the premises, as well as load feed and hay.
5. If you yourself do not want to manage, then you will need a manager and an accountant. Since you will have to pay tax under the simplified 6% system, the manager and accountant can be one person. Also, the accountant can be visiting.

Pig breeding

Buying animals

If you are new to this business, then choose a white large breed of pigs for breeding. Experts advise choosing piglets from one to two months old. Under favorable conditions and good nutrition, piglets weigh 5-7 kg by the age of one month, and by 7-8 weeks they are already gaining 14-18 kg. When buying, pay attention to the behavior of the piglets. A healthy pig should be active with its tail curled up. For an average farm, choose 300-350 heads. For a small farm at home, 50 pieces will be enough. Boars and gilts should be purchased from different suppliers in order to definitely avoid family ties that result in weakened offspring. In case of purchase for 300 heads, 100 heads will be sows, which require 10 boars, the rest will go for fattening and sale.

Pigs are omnivores, eating both plant and animal foods. It should be borne in mind that not every feed will benefit them and, in the end, may adversely affect the quality of the meat. These fatty foods include fatty foods: cakes and meals, as well as those containing a large amount of carbohydrates: corn. If you feed pigs with boiled potatoes, then the water must be drained, as it contains a large amount of corned beef and should not be given to pigs. You should also rinse the potatoes well before cooking them. It is also impossible to feed pigs with raw fish, as well as food containing rot and mold. Pigs love mushrooms as food and pumpkin, which has anthelmintic properties, and pigs are not averse to self-medication. A good vitamin supplement is raw root vegetables. If you give them in large quantities, then the root crops should be boiled.

When raising pigs on farms for 300 pigs per year, 2,700 tons of grain and feed will be needed. In this case, you get a good fleshy and weighty animal. Feed is the most costly part of all expenses and must be stored for future use in order to exclude the possibility of malnutrition of pigs. A 3-4 month supply will be enough. Pigs should be fed 3-4 times a day.

In the summer, hay should be harvested for the winter at the rate of 0.5-2 kg per head per day. Jerusalem artichoke is also grown for pig feed.

Fattening pigs can serve two purposes: fattening for lard and fattening for meat. The last option is the most common. In this case, fattening is stopped when the pig reaches a weight of 100-120 kg, since further feeding will be unprofitable. When feeding in the summer, greens should make up half of the entire diet. Sows are selected for fat, after weaning piglets from her. A good greasy effect is given by feeding potatoes, root crops and corn. The composition of the diet for pigs should be handled by a professional. You can't let this thing go by itself. When it comes to serving sizes, you should only give as much as you need. Leftovers, if left, throw away, do not mix them into new portions of food in order to save.

It is very important to properly organize the correct watering of pigs. On hot days, pigs can go without water for only a few hours. The water in the drinkers should be 12-15 degrees. Lack of water will lead to a decrease in appetite and, as a result, to less weight gain. Once a week, pigs should be washed with a soft brush. On the walks, you must leave a large bathing trough. It is desirable to add potassium permanganate to the water at the rate of 1 gram per 5 buckets of water.

The gestation period of pigs reaches 3 months 3 weeks and 3 days. For a year, a sow has an average of 2.4 farrowings, in which 10-12 piglets appear. Farrowing of sows for the first time in commercial farms weighing 120 kg should be done at 9-10 months. In breeding farms, a sow weighing 140-150 kg occurs at 10-11 months. In this case, optimal multiplicity is achieved. It is undesirable to have sows earlier or later. In the conditions of industrial pig breeding, 40% of sows are rejected. In commodity and breeding farms, 25-30% is rejected. The duration of operation of sows is 2.5 years.

Pig waste disposal

In any livestock building, waste disposal is a very important task. And this problem should be solved at the design stage. In Russia, the most popular is the following scheme. The manure is simply aged in the manure storage for 8-12 months, and then simply burned. Exposure of liquid manure during storage is necessary for biological deworming (disinfestation) in a natural way. When storing liquid undivided manure, mixing of the stored mass is mandatory. This is due to the fact that liquid manure has the ability of natural gravity separation into liquid and solid fractions. In pig manure, the solid fraction mostly precipitates and accumulates at the bottom of the lagoons. In cattle manure, the solid fraction is mainly collected in a crust floating on the surface of the lagoon.

The situation with the storage of undivided liquid manure without mixing is also aggravated by the fact that many farms pump out manure and transport it to the fields using tractor tanks. The tanks pump out mainly the liquid fraction, and the exfoliated solid fraction of manure remains in the manure storage. The amount of solid fraction gradually accumulates, and there comes a time when the accumulated solid fraction can only be removed by excavators. And since the lagoons are mostly film, their surface gets mechanical damage and becomes unusable. Manure storage facilities fail, which leads to the need to attract additional capital investments for the construction of new ones.

From the pig farm of 300 heads of breeding stock, 30 cubic meters of waste comes out every day, taking into account the washing of the pigsty and its disinfection. In accordance with NTP 17-99, the shelf life of manure should be 8-12 months. Lagoons are used for storage. The depth of the lagoon must not exceed 5 meters, and its width must be at least 18 meters. Therefore, taking into account rainfall, a pig farm of 300 heads will require a lagoon with a volume of at least 9,000 cubic meters. If you use the depth of the lagoon exactly 5 meters, then its dimensions can be 50 by 36 meters. At least two lagoons must be maintained. While one lagoon has manure in quarantine and storage, you will fill the second lagoon. The lagoon must be located at least 60 meters from the livestock buildings.

Industrial pig breeding

A pig farm on an industrial scale, as a rule, has from 12 thousand heads. Pig breeding in Russia is currently the most developed and very attractive industry for investment among all others in the agro-industrial complex. It is no coincidence that in Europe this particular industry is practically not dated by the state. In order for pig breeding to be profitable, it is necessary to use modern technologies in this industry. Don't skimp on good equipment. At present, the most computerized projects should be developed, where the influence of the human factor will be minimal and the number of pig farm employees will also be reduced.

Pig farming in the countryside has always been considered a profitable business. For half a year, a carcass weighing 110-120 kg is grown from a suckling pig, meat is in stable demand. To reduce its cost, farmers use new pig breeding technologies and modern equipment. We will talk about all this in this article.

The development of this business and the demand for products

Pork production in our country from 2005 to 2015 increased by 2 times, and industrial - by almost 7 times. The development of large pig farms, such as Miratorg, Rusagro, Cherkizovo and others, creates high competition in pig breeding. However, household plots and peasant farms consistently occupy about 25% of the number of livestock in this niche and produce almost 20% of products.

In the structure of consumption of different types of meat, pork has occupied 32–34% over the past 25 years. Large manufacturers of products are concentrated in the Central Federal District. In many other regions, the share of small farms in pig breeding ranges from 16% (Ural) to 49% (Far East).

The number of pigs in farms of all categories in 2016-2017 according to Rosstat

In rural areas, raising pigs as a business has good prospects if the cost of meat is at the level of 65-70 rubles due to modern technologies, competent feeding, and reduction of fattening time to marketable mass. Implementation of preventive measures against ASF (African plague) is of key importance. By the way, the regions of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East are still free from this virus.

Modern breeding technologies

To date, in pig breeding, non-walking technologies of keeping, the most profitable from an economic point of view, have become widespread. Pigs are kept in special pens, without bedding, on a slit or solid floor from birth to the end of the fattening cycle. As a rule, a pig farm provides for primary meat processing to deep-frozen half carcasses, for which a slaughterhouse is equipped and an industrial refrigerator is purchased.

A typical pigsty is divided into several isolated sections, where pigs are kept at different stages of the production cycle:

• single uterus and boars for insemination;
• farrowing and suckling pigs with suckling piglets;
• weaned piglets;
• the main livestock of fattening pigs.

stress-free technology

The stress-free method of breeding pigs is considered the most progressive. Its essence boils down to the fact that between the sections of farrowing, rearing and fattening, special manholes are equipped through which the piglets independently move from one section to another. There is a spontaneous formation of nests (groups) in which pigs feel comfortable, quickly gain weight and do not experience competition.

Breeding pigs in isolated sections meets the principle of "everything is empty - everything is occupied", the blocks are easy to clean and disinfect. A stress-free system improves meat quality, which is essential in a saturated market. The period of keeping pigs before slaughter is from 175 days.

Canadian

This system of breeding and fattening pigs has become widespread in the USA, Canada, the countries of Northern Europe and has been tested in practice in Russia and Ukraine. Pigs are kept in large homogeneous groups in cold rooms (a metal frame covered with an awning) on ​​a deep non-removable bedding. The advantages of this method: a minimum of funds for the arrangement of a pigsty, the absence of heating, which ensures a quick payback of the project: from 1 year.

The disadvantages of the method include a large feed consumption. Pigs are fed without restriction with dry balanced mixtures, weight gain reaches 800 g / day. In a room of 360 m 2 there are up to 250 individuals. More often this technology is used when keeping fattening pigs. Up to 500 pigs are placed on the same area in a fully closed cycle farm with no-walking easel technology.

Where to start

Start

Pork production is a highly profitable branch of agriculture. From 1 sq. m. of production area, a small-scale pig-breeding enterprise receives about 52 thousand rubles of profit, while for this indicator an average of 9.7 thousand rubles. To obtain an equal economic effect from cattle breeding, premises 5–8 times larger than for a pig herd will be required. An entrepreneur who decides to go into a pig breeding business must choose:

1. specialization: complete closed cycle of reproduction, reproductive (breeding pigs), fattening (beneficial in cooperation);
2. technology and breeds of pigs suitable for climatic conditions;
3. a place for placing a pig farm, taking into account SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03, while the size of the sanitary zone is from 100 to 500 m, depending on the number of pigs;
4. what kind of premises will be used: old with refurbishment, purchase of a modular hangar, construction;
5. type of feed for pigs: to produce your own, you will need an agricultural area, the purchase of ready-made feed mixtures and premixes;
6. equipment for keeping a pig herd, based on the scale of the farm and technology;
7. method of manure removal, its processing, disposal: the average yield from one fattening pig is more than 9 liters per day;
8. conduct a preliminary analysis of the markets for meat and waste.

After receiving answers to the main questions, you can begin to develop a business plan for a pig breeding farm. At the same time, it is desirable to focus on the system of recommendatory documents of the agro-industrial complex of the Ministry of Agriculture:

• RD-APK 1.10.02.01-13: Guidelines for the technological design of pig farms for peasant (farm) farms.
• RD-APK 1.10.02.04-12: Guidelines for the technological design of pig farms and complexes.

Top Breeds

Most Russian farms are dominated by a large white pig - a breed of domestic selection with good reproductive qualities. It is used when crossing as a mother form. Since 2006, as part of the implementation of the national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex", imported breeds of meat pigs have been brought to Russia: Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc. At present, they make up about half of the breeding stock in 117 breeding farms and reproducers.

When breeding pigs in commercial farms of a closed cycle, sows of a large white breed (C / B) and boars of imported breeds are usually crossed, purchasing them in breeding reproducers. Crossbreed pigs obtained as a result of 2- and 3-breed industrial crossbreeding, under the same conditions of keeping, show significantly better indicators in terms of weight gain, half-carcass length, meat yield, bacon thickness. On average, they outperform purebred white pigs by 9–10% in terms of the sum of indicators at the rearing and fattening stages. Promising combinations: two-breed (K/b × D), three-breed ((K/b × Y) × D).

The main characteristics of meat breeds

Indicators	Large White Russian	Large white imported	Landrace	Yorkshire	Duroc
Multiple pregnancy of sows, head.	12,0	12,9	12,5	12,6	9,9
Fattening period to commercial weight, days	171	155		151
Feed consumption per 1 kg of growth, kg	3,0	2,75	2,65	2,51	2,63
The thickness of the fat over the 6th–7th vertebra, mm.	19,3	12,6	14,1	12,5	13,5

Pig farm room

Depending on the specific circumstances, the pig house can be reconstructed from the one in which other animals were kept, or built from any economically viable material. When building a pig farm from scratch, the most practical building is made of precast concrete and sandwich panels. The main regulatory documents that establish requirements and building codes:

• SP 19.13330.2011: Updated version of SNiP II-97-76. Master plans for agricultural enterprises.
• SP 106.13330.2012: Updated edition of SNiP 2.10.03-84. Livestock, poultry and fur-breeding buildings and premises.

The size of the pigsty is determined by the number of pigs and breeding technology. The internal layout depends on the number, size and capacity of the pens, taking into account the regulations RD-APK 1.10.02.01-13 for the placement of pigs of each sex and age group. So, when kept in group pens with a depth of 3.5 m, it is necessary to provide each pig with an area in m 2:

• 2.5 - boars-producers;
• 1.9 - waiting sows;
• 0.65 (0.8) - fattening pigs on slotted (solid) floors.

Shown below are the dimensions and layout of a fattening facility for 1,000 pigs using three-phase stress-free technology as recommended by V.I. Bazykina, A.V. Trifonova. The area of ​​the premises is 793.8 m2. The main parameters of the technological process:

• 2 groups of sows, 6 animals each;
• rhythm of reproduction - 21 days;
• feed consumption - 412 tons / year, water - 2150 tons / year;
• manure output - 1,100 t/year;
• land area - 33.4 hectares.

Necessary equipment

Modern pig farms use rather complex technological equipment that provides the necessary productivity and safety of products for consumption. These are easel systems for keeping, feeding, watering pigs, equipment for creating and maintaining the necessary microclimate, removing and processing manure.

Both Russian and foreign companies are represented on the equipment market. Many manufacturers make it to order, taking into account the size and configuration of the room, the cost is usually negotiable. The price of imported equipment is 3-5 times higher, which corresponds to the quality, and it is mainly purchased by large industrial enterprises. Most manufacturers follow a narrow specialization.

• Machine equipment for pig breeding (for insemination, farrowing, keeping boars, sows, fattening piglets). It is produced by Luch, ROS NITI, Invest-Holding (7–14 thousand rubles), Schauer, Wesstron, Big Dutchman (10–20 thousand rubles).
• For microclimate(ventilation, heating, cooling systems). Producers: Agromoltekhnika, Agrovent, they also specialize in watering and feeding systems. Foreign companies: Egebjerg, Bauer, Wesstron.
• Feed preparation equipment, distribution, teat and cup drinkers on the market are mainly imported, with the exception of the products of the two plants mentioned above.
• Manure removal systems(scrapers, sewer pipes, conveyors). In Russia, they are produced only by Abono Group and BaltAgroSnab; foreign companies are represented by ACO Funki, Big Dutchman and others.
• Slotted floors - produced by many companies. Concrete have the lowest cost, but are used only for pregnant queens and fattening pigs. Plastic ones are used for suckling and growing piglets, they are warm and more comfortable. High-quality plastic gratings last up to 15 years. Metal floors are used for lactating sows.

Domestic equipment is more affordable for small farms. In addition, it can be bought with the help of government programs for preferential lending to agricultural producers. Thus, microclimate equipment manufactured by Agromoltekhnika will cost on average 30% cheaper than imported ones.

Breeding conditions

It is possible to get a good profit in pig breeding only if all zootechnical rules for keeping animals are observed. Reproduction, livestock safety and fattening time are affected by the density of pigs and the microclimate in the room. For each group of piglets (sucklings, weaners), adult pigs, their own requirements are set for the level of temperature, illumination, air humidity.

Machine tools and slotted floors are periodically inspected and repaired. The width of the slots more than 2 cm leads to injuries of pigs, they get abrasions, bruises, fractures, lag behind in growth, lose fatness. In an aggressive environment (humidity, evaporation, high temperature), the machines are subject to corrosion, so galvanized equipment is preferable.

With ration feeding, each pig should have its own feeding place. In the case of using automatic distribution of dry feed, one place is provided for 4 heads, when using moistened mixtures - for 8 heads. Uninterrupted water supply is of great importance. The rate of water supply to the drinkers corresponds to the age of the pigs:

• for weaners no more than 0.6 l/min,
• for fattening pigs - 1 l/min,
• for lactating sows - up to 3 l/min.

To maintain optimal temperature, humidity, cleanliness, the required air pumping power is: in sections for farrowing sows and piglets 430 m3 / h, for adult pigs 180 m3 / h is enough. Air exchange reduces the level of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which adversely affect the health of pigs, reduces the level of pathogenic flora.

In order for all processes on the pig farm to run smoothly, it is necessary to have a technical specialist on staff and a supply of parts for the repair of the main systems of technological equipment. Even a temporary failure in the operation of feeding, watering, heating systems causes severe stress in pigs, leading to weight loss and potential income.

Feed quality and standards

Balanced feed is the main factor influencing the rate of development of piglets and weight gain in adult pigs. Their composition has a direct impact on the quality of the future food product. Carbohydrate-rich potatoes, corn, barley contribute to the growth of the sebaceous layer. Traditional types of feed of plant origin are evaluated for nutritional value as follows.

1. Quality - wheat, barley, beets, peas, pumpkin, food waste, meat and bone meal. They give juicy meat, hard, dense fat. Their optimal share in the volume of nutrition is about 50%.
2. Medium quality - corn, buckwheat, potato husks, various bran, molasses. In the pig diet, they should be present in an amount of no more than 60% in a mixture with highly nutritious feed.
3. Reducing the quality of products - cake, soybeans, millet, oats. They are introduced in an amount of up to 25%, and 2 months before slaughter they are excluded altogether. The fat from them becomes soft, the meat is loose and tasteless.

The fattening stage in pig breeding completely determines the quality of the product. Here the farmer proceeds from what he wants to get as a result. Traditionally, there are three fattening regimes: meat, bacon, greasy. The requirements for weight, condition of gilts, set and nutritional value of feed are different in each case.

• For meat feeding pigs of almost all breeds are used. These are gilts and castrated boars at the age of about 3 months weighing at least 30 kg. With a traditional diet of grain and vegetable mixtures, weight gain is on average 600–650 g per day, feed costs are 4.5–5 units. per 1 kg. The term for reaching a live weight of 100 kg is 11–12 months. This is low intensity technology.
• For bacon feed choose gilts with a long body, lightweight hams, these are breeds of large white, landrace and their crosses. They are fattened for 7–8 months, eventually getting juicy tender (marble) meat. Feed requirements are increased: not less than 150 g of protein per 1 feed unit. nutrition, mineral and vitamin supplements. The desired daily weight gain is 400–500 g in the first 2 months, then 600–700 g per day.
• To achieve sebaceous young animals at the age of 120 days are selected and grown up to 130-150 kg in 10-12 months. In this case, the thickness of the fat reaches 5 cm, and to improve its taste and density, bacon diet is used 6 weeks before the end of fattening. Two-thirds of the period, the optimal average daily gain is 700–800 g, and then decreases to 600 g.

Regulatory documents that establish requirements for feed:

• GOST R 51550-2000: Feed concentrates for pigs.
• GOST 34109-2017: Complete feed for pigs. General technical conditions (introduced from January 1, 2019).

Sales and prices

In a saturated market, the main task of the farmer is to find stable marketing channels. Dumping by large groholdings reduces wholesale prices for pork. So, according to the IMIT agency, in February 2019, the average cost of 1 kg of meat (half carcass) in this segment was 152.3 rubles, while in November of the previous year its price was about 175 rubles. In the summer, during the "barbecue" season, it traditionally grows.

According to statistics, the average price is only a guideline for financial calculation. In practice, it depends on many components: the quality of meat, the proximity / distance of transportation, the requirements of the buyer and many other factors. The simplest analysis of the demand for pork and prices in a particular region can be carried out on the trading floors AGRORU.com., Agroserver, Industrial portal of pig breeding.

Traditional distribution channels:

• sale of fresh chilled meat at agricultural markets, fairs;
• contract deliveries to meat processing plants and other processing enterprises;
• participation in tenders to select a supplier for state and municipal organizations (hospitals, kindergartens);
• contracts with public catering enterprises (restaurants, cafes, barbecues);
• own processing of meat to semi-finished products and sale to stores.

In addition to pork, other pig products are also in demand on the market: offal, trimmings, bones. Substandard remnants are bought up by fur farms and zoos. Up to 3% of the total income from pig breeding is contributed by the sale of manure processed into fertilizers. To do this, you will have to purchase a technological line. Many crop enterprises buy it on an ongoing basis.

Risks

The biggest risk in pig production over the past ten years has been associated with the spread of the African plague virus, which leads to 100% death of the entire livestock. At the same time, quarantine measures provide for the complete destruction of pigs, as well as equipment and wooden buildings within a radius of 20 km from the detection of a source of infection. This must be kept in mind when choosing a place for a future pig farm.

The risk of infection is reduced by such measures as timely vaccination of animals, refusal to use thermally untreated food residues, reliable fences around the farm, and restriction of access of outsiders to its territory. Water for drinking pigs must not be taken from open sources (river, stream) to which wild boars have access. You should not buy piglets without VSD, especially from disadvantaged regions. Other entrepreneurial risks are typical for all agriculture.

• The trend towards lower purchase prices for pork, while in retail they are declining much more slowly.
• An increase in the cost of meat production due to an increase in tariffs for electricity, gas - pig breeding consumes a lot of energy.
• Shortage of domestic equipment for pig breeding and higher cost of imported equipment due to currency fluctuations.
• Failed grain harvest and rising prices for foreign premixes and mineral and vitamin supplements.
• Tightening environmental supervision and requirements for the disposal of manure, which requires additional costs and increases losses from penalties.

With all the risks, pig farming is more profitable than other types of animal husbandry. A small area of ​​the farm, a short period of growing pigs to marketable weight (170-200 days), their omnivorous and prolific nature provide, with proper management of the economy, a stable profit and profitability at the level of 25-30%.

GOSTs and veterinary requirements

• TR TS 034/2013 - On the safety of meat and meat products.
• GOST 31476-2012: Pigs for slaughter. Pork in carcasses and half carcasses.
• GOST 34159-2017: Meat products.

The main document regulating the circulation of meat and meat products on the territory of Russia is the Customs Regulation TR CU 034/2013. According to this document, any batch of fresh unprocessed meat must have a veterinary certificate, and a declaration of conformity to quality is issued for semi-finished meat products.

Since 2012, veterinary certificates (veterinary accompanying documents or VSD) have been issued electronically through the state information system GIS Mercury. It traces the path of meat, starting from the slaughter of animals to the final consumer - a store or a catering establishment. The certificate is issued by the responsible specialist of the Rosselkhoznadzor of the area under his control based on the results:

• veterinary and sanitary examination;
• examinations (live pigs);
• laboratory research;
• information about the epizootic situation.

Access to the Mercury system is free, expenses will be required only for the purchase of a computer and payment for the Internet. In order not to waste time on mastering the program, training specialists (usually not free), many entrepreneurs enter into agreements with an intermediary firm. It is engaged in the creation, registration, cancellation of the organization's VSD for a fee.

Which economic form to choose

An enterprise of any form can be engaged in pig breeding:,. Regardless of the type, they all have the right to apply a single agricultural tax - ESHN. Its size is 6% of the profit (income minus expenses). A society is more often created if private investors are involved in organizing a business. Owners of small farms in most cases prefer to register a peasant farm. In the application for registration, you must indicate the appropriate types of activities from the directory "OK 029-2014 (KDEC Rev. 2)":

• 01.46.1 - breeding and rearing of pigs;
• 01.46.11 - raising pigs for meat;
• 01.46.12 - livestock breeding;
• 01.46.2 - production of boar semen.

You can specify an unlimited number of codes, and it is better to enter them with a "margin". For example, the provision of services for the insemination of pigs - code 01.62. If in fact the farmer does not carry out any activities, this does not entail any consequences for him. Otherwise, the Federal Tax Service will accrue 13% of the income from it in the general manner.

prospects

In agriculture, pig breeding is considered the most profitable business. Despite the development of large pig farms, there is enough space in this niche for everyone. So, buyers are increasingly choosing chilled rather than frozen meat. It has a short shelf life, so retailers prefer to buy products from local producers. Farm food shops are gaining popularity every year, and the number of restaurants and cafes that specialize in cooking dishes from organic products is increasing.

The implementation period of projects in pig breeding is approximately 3-5 years, a record short period for agriculture. Many farmers reduce the cost of production by producing their own feed, using the benefits of concessional lending for small businesses.

The production of even the simplest semi-finished products, smoked lard, packing and packaging of meat significantly increase the profitability of the business. The average income of a farm for breeding pigs for about 500 heads is 2.5-3.5 million rubles a year. Maintaining a pig farm is hard work, but it pays off in full with a decent profit.

There is an opinion in society that breeding pigs as a business is a highly profitable and uncomplicated business. Is this really true, and why then do not all pig farmers become millionaires without much effort? If you want to start a business in the livestock industry, raising pigs can be a great option, but you must be prepared for the realities of reality and understand that pig farming also requires investment and labor, like any other branch of agriculture.

Sample business plan for breeding pigs

Don't expect pigs to thrive in all conditions and quickly gain weight on kitchen waste alone. To make good money selling high-quality pork and young animals, you will need to build a solid pig barn, equip it in accordance with all requirements, feed the animals with a variety of nutritious feeds, monitor their health, regularly clean the pigsty and pay attention to breeding.

Pig farming can be a good start for a business from scratch, since for a start it is enough to buy a couple of dozen pigs and gradually expand your farm if things go well. Young growth can be sold from the fourth month of life, earning money on the sale of meat, lard and skins. In addition to the farm, you can set up your own smokehouse to earn income from your own smoked pork.

Video about the business idea of ​​breeding pigs

It will be possible to understand whether it is profitable to breed pigs only after drawing up a detailed business plan, taking into account all the features of this livestock industry. A lot will depend on which one you prefer. So, with cold keeping, the cost of building a pig farm will decrease several times, another question is whether you will be able to grow a healthy livestock of pigs in such conditions. There are many options for how you can reduce the initial costs of starting a pig farm, and we will look at some of them below.

The financial part of the business plan for breeding pigs is calculated as follows: the construction of premises and the purchase of the necessary equipment will require 1 million rubles each, for staff salaries - up to 1.2 million rubles per year, for the purchase of feed - 300 thousand rubles. rub. in year. In total, about 3,500,000 rubles will be required to start. Income from the sale of young animals will be 600 thousand rubles. per year, and from the sale of meat - 1.1 million rubles. per year, which together will amount to 1,700,000 rubles. in year. According to these calculations, the payback of the pig farm will be about two to three years.

Pig breeding

When drawing up a business plan, do not forget to include the cost of veterinary services and mandatory vaccinations for piglets in order to avoid the spread of infectious diseases that can kill the entire livestock.

Of course, this is a very arbitrary calculation, and the numbers will vary greatly, taking into account various factors. For example, you can build a pig house on your own from improvised materials or buy an old pig farm and renovate it. Having made, you will significantly reduce the initial costs of pigsty equipment, and the use of modern equipment will allow you to almost completely eliminate manual labor, reducing the cost of staff salaries. Although most domestic businessmen still prefer to work the old fashioned way than spend money on pig farm automation.

Pig feeding

In terms of feed, in the summer you can make your own grass for the pigs and use the roots from your garden as succulent feed all year round. But it will not be possible to do without compound feed, vitamin complexes and special feed additives in the industrial breeding of pigs, because the quality of the meat obtained also depends on the diet of pigs.

Secrets of success or how to make pig farming more profitable

Experts estimate the profitability of pig farming as a business at 30%, but this is far from the limit, and if you wish, you can achieve higher rates.

Video about pig breeding

To turn pig breeding into a real highly profitable business please use the following guidelines:

• choose the most suitable breed of pigs for your purposes and pay special attention to the selection of piglets - it is better to purchase females and males from different suppliers in order to avoid genetic mutations, and when buying sows, take into account their productivity, milk production, number of teats and the safety of the brood;
• prevent drafts and dampness in the pigsty, periodically disinfect the premises, destroy insects and rodents;
• take care of creating suitable conditions for pregnant sows;
• hire experienced, professional workers - a large pig-breeding complex will require a veterinarian, livestock specialist, several pig breeders and laborers;
• provide pigs with high-quality, nutritious, vitamin feed, while keeping in mind that feeding boars, pregnant sows and young animals has its own characteristics;
• do not forget about vaccination and regular examination of animals by a veterinarian so as not to miss the first manifestations of diseases.

Provide pigs with quality, nutritious, vitamin feed

Taking into account all the above recommendations, raising pigs as a business can turn out to be a very profitable business, because quality pork is always in demand. The main thing is to correctly draw up a business plan, assess all possible risks and think about ways to reduce them, as well as draw up an income plan and calculate a break-even sales level.

The demand for pork is consistently high, so many people want to try to breed these artiodactyls to get not only fresh meat, but also income.

Is it profitable to keep pigs, where to start breeding, how to care for them, and what is generally needed for this? With these and many other questions, we will help you figure it out.

How to start breeding pigs? Of course, from the search for a suitable room in which you need to create conditions. You need to approach this matter especially responsibly if you plan to breed pigs for sale in the future.

Room planning

The walls of the pigsty, in which it is planned to raise pigs for meat or sell live weight, should be made of non-moisture and heat-insulating materials that will keep warm in winter.

The best building materials

• tree;
• brick;
• porous gas blocks;
• cinder blocks;
• rubble stone.

Inside the walls can be plastered and whitewashed or sheathed with boards. The pigsty must maintain suitable microclimatic conditions for keeping pigs. The attic must be insulated, and the floors can be poured with concrete or assembled from boards. In the outer walls, manholes with dimensions of 70x70 cm are needed, through which animals can enter the outdoor area for walking.

Conditions of detention

The most difficult thing is the rearing of young pigs, which need more comfortable conditions. Purchased piglets should be left in a quarantine room for a week to identify sick individuals in the early stages of development.

Young animals need to be grown at an ambient temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees and humidity in the range above 70-80%.

Piglets need to be kept in warm rooms without dampness and drafts so that they can get stronger.

The pig house must be kept clean and the animals must be allowed to walk outside. Change the water as often as possible, and clean the feeders after each feeding. The pigsty requires disinfection every month.

Pigsty lighting

The correct technology for raising pigs involves providing sufficient natural light in the room. Sunlight favorably affects the development of individuals. During the winter months, when daylight hours are shortened, artificial lighting is required.

Nursing females require 18 hours of light per day at around 15 lux, and fatteners require 5-6 lux for 12 hours.

Room ventilation

In the pigsty, you need to equip a ventilation system that will remove recycled air from the room, and in return drive fresh air from the street inside.

The main thing is not to forget that drafts are dangerous for piglets and young animals, so ventilation should not be too powerful. Optimal conditions for growing pigs are created with a supply and exhaust unit with adjustable performance.

Which breed is better

For it is necessary not only to study and comply with the conditions for breeding pigs, but also to buy suitable livestock. All domestic pigs are divided into three categories, depending on the meat:

1. Bacon. Their meat has the most layers of fat, but there is no layer of fat.
2. Tallow meat. They have premium lard, but also eat meat.
3. Meat-sebaceous. They mainly produce meat.

In Russia, about three dozen breeds of different categories are in demand, and among themselves they differ in terms of cultivation, meat quality and weight. When determining the breed of pigs in the farmstead, be guided not by features, but by market demand in the region:

1. Large white. This breed was brought from England, but our breeders have made a significant contribution to the current appearance of animals. Proper breeding of white pigs allows individuals to gain 100 kg of weight in 7 months, and the weight of adult boars reaches 350 kg and females up to 250 kg. The breed is classified as meat-fat.
2. In the bacon category, the most popular breed in the Russian Federation is considered to be a breed called Landrace. Animals gain a hundred kilograms in about six months, and the maximum weight is 300 kg for males and 220 for females.
3. It is difficult to single out the most popular breed among lard-meat breeds, since there are many of them. Among them is a large black one. Pigs gain a centner in 6-7 months, reaching a maximum weight of 310 kg for boars and 215 kg for sows.

If you are interested in raising pigs for the purpose of obtaining dietary meat, pay attention to the Pietrain breed. Such pork contains less fat, and the animals themselves do not require any special care.

What to feed pigs

What to feed pigs for rapid growth - this question is asked by all beginners. If pig farming is a business for you, it’s better not to save on feed. A balanced diet is the main factor influencing the weight gain of individuals, and the taste of meat also depends on the quality of the feed.

There are three categories of food in total, but we recommend using the first and second, or a combination of them.

It is not recommended to feed with feed of the third category, otherwise the meat will lose its taste. You can add it to the diet in rare cases, and 2-3 months before slaughter, exclude it altogether. Between themselves, the feed differ in composition:

1. Category I feeds are wheat, barley, rye, beans, peas, carrots and beets.
2. Category II includes alfalfa, clover and other grasses.
3. Category III feed consists of potatoes, corn, wheat bran, beet molasses, buckwheat, etc.

More green fodder contributes to the build-up of meat, and root crops, corn and barley increase the layer of fat. Thus, everyone decides for himself what is better to feed the pigs.

How and when to feed

From 1.5-2 months the piglet is ready for intensive fattening. During the first 6-8 months, each of them should gain 100-120 kg. About 400 kg of feed will be spent on each individual for this. Features of breeding pigs require five meals a day for up to 3-4 months, after which they switch to four meals a day. The main thing after feeding is to clean the feeders from food debris.

Pigs are considered omnivores, but the quality of the feed used will affect the meat, so we do not recommend feeding them leftovers from the table.

The diet should include vegetables with fruits, a variety of grains and root crops. Additionally, you need to buy feed containing valuable trace elements.

Piglets up to 4-5 months are fed boiled root crops with the addition of milled wheat and herbs (legume tops, nettles). Milk whey is mixed into the feed, and 10 g of salt per day and a spoonful of iron sulfate (2.5 g dissolved in 1 liter of water) are recommended from additives.

From the eighth month, animals gain fat, so it is recommended to add more legumes, fatty waste and zucchini to the diet, and increase the daily dose of salt to 40 g.

Large-scale breeding of pigs per tribe will increase income if you grow feed yourself, and on small pig farms it is more profitable to buy ready-made food.

Features of keeping pigs in winter

The care and breeding of pigs in winter has certain features that you should be aware of. To prevent animals from freezing and not getting sick, the premises need to be insulated and heated. It is recommended to drink them with warm water, and the method of feeding is also different. Due to the lack of seasonal greens, more food waste, compound feed and bran should be added to the diet, also not forgetting about salt.

Often, novice farm owners are interested in what to feed pigs to grow better?

Pig breeding

Now let's find out, pigs for sale? It all depends on the seriousness of your approach. If you learn how to properly breed animals, it will turn into a fairly profitable business. Physiological maturity in females occurs at 8-9 months, and at 11-14 the first offspring is possible. For it to be good, you need a sow weighing more than 100 kg, with at least 12 formed teats.

For one farrowing, the female brings up to 14 piglets (depending on the breed), and each of them is your profit. Whether this is a profitable business will depend on the demand and average prices for the breed being bred in a particular region.

To prepare the sow for pregnancy, enrich the diet with milk waste, juicy green grass and compound feed. Use hay instead of greens in winter. When the pig becomes restless, refuses to feed and grunts characteristically, this indicates the onset of estrus.

After 10-12 hours, you need to organize a mating with a boar or carry out artificial insemination, and repeat the procedure after the same time period. After 17 days, you need to watch the female. If estrus symptoms recur, the sow is not fertilized, and the process must be repeated (it is better to choose another boar). we told, but this is not the most difficult thing in their reproduction.

How to care for born piglets

Piglets born into the world require special attention. What is needed here is not the usual care of pigs, but more reverent and attentive. Additional attention is needed for a nursing female. After farrowing, you need to give her a liter of water, and after another six hours, fully satisfy her need for liquid.

On the first day, the female should be given a liquid mixture of wheat bran or oatmeal, and after a week, introduce root crops into the diet - they will ensure the flow of milk. After farrowing, the pig will have to be fed three times a day at regular intervals.

As for piglets, each of them after farrowing should be wiped, washed with patches, ears and mouth, treated with a cut of the umbilical cord and burned with iodine.

Breeding pigs is serious business. An important role is played by the mandatory establishment of contact between the piglets and the mother during the first 45 minutes (you need to bring each of them to the nipples). If this is not done, the female will not accept them.

Calculation of the profitability of breeding pigs

Now let's find out if it is profitable to keep pigs for sale and how much does it cost to raise a pig? To calculate the profitability, let's take a small pig farm of 50 heads.

Each pig costs about $40, which means a total of $2,000 is required. Each individual will need 100 kg of compound feed and 180 kg of grain annually, that is, you will spend $ 170-200 per month on feed. In part, the profitability of raising pigs depends on the quality of the feed, so do not save much.

In about six months, pigs will gain almost 100 kg each. From 50 heads for breeding, you can leave 3-4, and sell the rest for meat. From them you will receive a profit of about 10-15 thousand dollars.

At first glance, pigs as a business seem to be a very profitable business, but consider the cost of wages for working personnel, utility bills, the purchase of equipment and feed, and as a result, one pig will have a net profit of 750-800 rubles per month.

Considering all this, decide for yourself whether it is profitable or not.

Meat is a very important component of the diet of every person, a necessary product for cooking. The demand for pork is always high, so many want to start breeding these animals not only for fresh meat, but also for a decent income. This unique animal provides a stable income both when raising livestock for meat and when keeping sows for the sale of offspring. Pork production is beneficial both for the family and for business development. In any difficult economic situation, there will be meat on the table.

Let's take a look at pig farming as a business - where to start and how to succeed? Is it profitable to keep pigs at all, where to start a business of this kind, what kind of care do they need, and what do they need in general? With these and many other questions Reconomica help you figure it out today.

If you want to change something in your life - change your job!

Every person in his life dreams that he and his family live in abundance. You can’t earn much money at an ordinary factory, in a store, and so on, so people try to open their own business, or, as they say, a business.

So was I, Sergey Braslavets from the city of Krivoy Rog, an ordinary guy who worked in very different jobs. At first, they were ordinary in a store, after which they offered to go to a construction site, where earnings were much higher than in a store. After working a couple of years at a construction site, I wanted to change something in my life. And since I had long dreamed of working for myself, I decided to go into business. But not everything started as well as I dreamed and thought.

Problems that arise on the way to success. Choice of field of activity

The first problem that surfaced was the question of where to start. I wanted to come up with something interesting and something that we have very little in our country. For a long time I puzzled over where to start, but then my wife helped with this problem. Since I spent all my youth in the village, and my parents and I were engaged in farming, I decided to try to create a business in agriculture, namely in pig breeding. Taking my savings, which I had accumulated for many years, I began to immerse myself in the agricultural business.

After the problem with choosing where to start disappeared, other pitfalls began to emerge that stood in my way to prosperity. I want to talk about the main ones.

Choosing a place for a pigsty

For a good business development, you need to initially select a large building, which in the future can be increased as the business progresses. The building must be selected so that it is convenient, and in a short time to prepare for operation.

At the moment, it will be very difficult to find a building, since now a lot of people have already bought or rented it for their business. Since no one will let you build a pig farm in the city, you need to look for a place in the nearest villages or towns.

The most convenient place will be in the village, as it will be possible to find land there and sign a land lease agreement.

In addition, there you can find people to work on the farm, since there are no jobs in the village at the moment.

Requirements for premises and paddocks

It is not so difficult to find a suitable building as to prepare it for operation. The next step is repair. This point of the pig farm business plan must be approached very seriously, since the building will need to be equipped with everything necessary for convenient and fast work. Let's start with a general overhaul. Before pouring the floor, we need to design cages and pens for pigs, because there must be several types of them.

Big pig - small pen!

• For large pigs, small pens are needed to reduce the mobility of the pig.
• For medium cages, you need a larger cage so that it can accommodate at least ten heads.
• For small pigs, since their weight is still small, cages can be made hinged to increase the working area.
• We need to make more separate pens for sows.

After all the pens are installed, we proceed to pour the floor.

To simplify cleaning in cages, the floor should be done at an angle of 8 or 10 degrees.

It is advisable to allocate a place in the pen for the pig to sleep and make this place out of wood, because if the pig freezes, then its coat will increase (which can play a bad role in its sale).

Feeders for pigs and feed selection

After that, we proceed to the installation of feeders.

The correct size of feeders, in a rural way "trough", will allow all pigs to receive enough feed.

In addition to feeders, you need to install drinkers, the size of which can be made much smaller. For convenience, you need to bring water to each drinker and make one separate tap. Near each cell there should be a channel for draining waste and urine. At the end of the channel, a transport belt can be installed, which will allow you to load the manure onto the manure trailer without any problems.

In the building of the pig farm, you need to allocate a separate place for storing feed. In the storage room, the floor and walls should be covered with pallets and an exhaust hood should be made for good air circulation. The walls of the building must be whitewashed, because whitewashing is very good at killing mold, fungus and various microbes that can lead to animal illness. After the building is equipped with all the necessary technologies, you can proceed to the next paragraph of the business plan.

Balanced feed is the key to high weight gain in animals. What you need to know

Proper selection of food and bait will give a good growth of the animal and allow you to develop well.

For a good weight gain and animal health, the diet of pigs should include: barley, wheat, sunflower cake, meat and bone meal, sometimes adding vegetables (beets, potatoes).

Each farmer (entrepreneur) himself selects the proportions of adding one or another in order to prepare high-quality compound feed.

There is a standard ready-made compound feed, which includes less than half of barley, 30% wheat, 10% sunflower cake and some meat and bone meal.

Feeding pigs with pellets is now very popular, so you can install your own pellet mill, which will allow you to make pellets on your farm.

As you know, there are very few state-owned grain planting enterprises left; grain can be purchased from a private entrepreneur (farmer). You need to find quality food at a good price.

It is undesirable to buy a lot of feed (for a couple of years), because, firstly, it can deteriorate, and secondly, when harvesting in autumn, the price of grain drops slightly.

The amount of grain must be bought with a margin so that it is enough for a year of feeding with the calculation of adding heads. To save on grain grinding, it is advisable to install a crusher on the farm.

After you have purchased the grain, you can think about your own grain, which will save a lot on the budget of the business plan. In order not to buy land, it can be rented. Of course, planting grain will entail many problems (purchase of equipment), but it will be possible to get around them. At this stage of evolution, there are many enterprises for renting equipment, therefore, in order not to buy it, you can pay money and rent the necessary equipment.

The most important thing is the right choice of pig breed

And now let's get down to the most important issue - animals. Now there are many breeds of pigs - meat and greasy.

The most popular breeds in the field of farming: large white, landrace, duroc.

The main breed to work with is the Landrace. Landrace - a meat breed of pigs, which was bred by mixing several breeds. A special difference from other pigs is the long torso and large back.

If there is a goal, all problems are solvable

I had to solve all these problems gradually, but quickly, because I really wanted to feel like a businessman. First of all, I found an old abandoned building in a neighboring village in the Dnipro region and rented it.

Since there was not much money, I gathered the whole family and began to equip the building for breeding pigs.

The whole process of arrangement was based on the basic rule - there is not enough money, but you have to do it.

After the repairs were made, I immediately started buying crops and additional feed (supplements, premixes, vitamins). In this matter, I was lucky, because my friend's father is a farmer, and I was able to buy grain from him at an affordable price.

Everything went like clockwork: the building was equipped, food for the start was purchased, the main thing remained - pigs. Where can you get them? I got into the car and drove through the villages to look for people who sell pigs. Since I needed a large number of heads, I could not find a place where I could immediately buy the right amount. Almost throwing up my hands, I returned home with nothing.

After my mood improved after the failure, I sat down at the computer and started looking for companies that sell pigs. After reviewing all the ads on the Internet, I realized that in our country, companies that are engaged in pig breeding can be counted on the fingers. But still I found a suitable place where you can buy animals. The city where the pigs were sold was very far from me, but still I went there and bought the necessary pigs of different breeds.

Sales of finished products - where to sell live pigs and pork

After everything was set up and a couple of months passed, I had to face another small problem, it was sales.

At first I tried to sell on the market myself, but since there were already a lot of competitors there, I was kicked out of there. The first batch, which is 5 heads of pigs, had to be sold to relatives and neighbors.

I began to puzzle over where and how to sell products. Since rumors about my small farm had already spread throughout the city, pig buyers began to come to me. At first I had to sell pigs at a very low price, since there was nowhere to go. But once the director of a private small sausage shop came to me, examined my pigs, and offered to cooperate with him. Of course, I agreed, since I wanted to have a regular customer for marketing. Now I have started to sell small pigs in parallel, because the number has increased.

The financial side of the issue - how much to invest and what income can be expected

Honestly, many people condemned me and my business, saying that it is a very unprofitable and very labor-intensive business. But still I did not listen to them and continued to do what I loved. To make it immediately clear, let's look at how much I have invested in the business.

To rent the building, I had to pay $ 3,000, this amount for a year of renting the premises. I was lucky that there was already some equipment there, so I spent $2,000 to repair and equip the pens.

This amount included the purchase of cement, sand, gravel to fill normal floors, as well as the purchase of shaped pipes to repair the pens and feeders. At the metal acceptance bases, I bought old pipes to make an automatic system for drinking pigs. Since I myself am a welder, and I have relatives in my family with hands, so to speak, I did not have to spend money on repairs, pouring floors, building pens.

For grain and supplements, based on 1 year, I spent $ 1,500. I had to shell out $1,000 for the pigs. I bought 50 little pigs.

In addition to the above expenses, there were a lot of small expenses, but there were so many of them that, it seems to me, their amount was half of the total amount.

In the first year of my small business, I spent about 10 thousand dollars, and I did not see any profit, because the pigs only grew, gained weight. Then, gradually, those pigs that grew up, I was able to sell, but I had to invest the money in small pigs and food. Honestly, 2 years was very hard to get the whole system up and running.

Don't expect a quick payback, butall efforts will not be in vain

Let me briefly sum up all of the above. From the very beginning it was very difficult, honestly, many times I wanted to stop and throw everything far, far away, but still I overcame myself, and after a while my business began to bring not only expenses, but even good income.