Correct motivation. The Science Guide to Motivation: How to Stay Motivated for Long Time? Remembering ambitions

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The importance of motivation manifests itself in one of two cases: when a person is ready to study and work for hours without stopping, and when it is given to him with great difficulty. Everyone wants to be productive, but motivating yourself every day is incredibly difficult.

Does not exist simple way teach yourself to wake up in the morning with sparkling eyes and a desire to achieve goals. Therefore, this article is intended to collect all the most important and interesting things in order to help you understand yourself and your motives. We will look not only at motivation as such, but also go through different areas of life where it plays a special role: sports, study and work.

What is motivation

Motivation- the reason for the actions, desires and needs of people. It is also what makes a person want to repeat the behavior. A motive is something that motivates a person to act in a certain way, or at least to develop a tendency toward a particular behavior.

There are several more definitions of this phenomenon:

• an internal state or state that activates behavior and gives it direction
• a desire or need that fuels and guides goal-directed behavior
• the influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior
• arousal, direction and consistency of behavior

Please note that the word “direction” appears in many definitions. We can say that a motivated person is a vector that has direction and strength. Even while at rest, he still makes efforts (for example, mental).

A person can achieve a serious goal if he balances between motivation (when the task is interesting, brings pleasure and is completed with ease) and willpower (when the task is set, we don’t want to take on it, but we force ourselves because we have to).

Motivation is usually divided into drives and motives. Drives are primarily biological, such as thirst, hunger, sleepiness and the need to reproduce - all of which drive us to seek out and engage in certain activities. Drives are believed to reside within a person and do not require outside influence or encouragement.

Motives, on the other hand, are driven by social and psychological mechanisms such as work, family, and relationships. These include factors such as praise and approval.

Let's look at what theories of motivation exist and how they differ.

Theories of motivation

There are many theories of motivation, but we will highlight the most interesting and significant.

• Instinct Theory of Motivation. According to it, people are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily programmed to do so. For example, biological instincts that are important for the survival of the organism, such as fear, purity and love.
• Incentive theory of motivation. It suggests that people are motivated to do things because of external rewards. For example, your motivation could be salary.
• Drive and need theory. Processes such as eating, drinking and sleeping are dictated by physiological needs. Therefore, he is motivated enough when he feels their lack.
• Arousal theory of motivation. It assumes that people are motivated to do things that help them maintain optimal level excitation (the so-called flow). A person with low arousal needs may engage in relaxing activities such as reading a book, while people with high arousal needs may be motivated to do something physically exciting such as motorcycle racing.

Motivation can also be viewed in terms of zone of influence. In this case, it is divided into external and internal.

External and internal motivation

Intrinsically motivated behavior is generated by the sense of personal satisfaction it brings. A person gets joy from completing a task. You can be called motivated if you study at university for fun and to become educated.

Intrinsic motivation is a critical element in cognitive, social and physical development; those people who are inherently motivated are more likely to perform better and improve their skills.

Extrinsically motivated behavior, on the other hand, is performed in order to obtain something from others. Employees may do their jobs because they want the company to pay them, not because they love it. Some athletes are driven by the goal of winning competitions and receiving praise from fans; they are not driven by the inner satisfaction they get from the game.

Likewise, if you are studying at university because you want to get high paying job or satisfy your parents' demands, your motivation is more external.

This is in theory, but in reality everything is a little more complicated. Motivation is often a combination of both internal and external factors, and their balance may change over time. Therefore, it is recommended to try yourself in different areas and look for a hobby in order to understand which type of activity brings more pleasure.

We're done with the theory and it's time to figure out how to motivate yourself in different areas of life.

Motivation for learning

Many people find it difficult to motivate themselves to study for two reasons:

• They want to start working right away.
• They want instant returns in the form of money or approval.

When you are studying or programming (that is, that activity that requires a fair amount of time with no return), then there is big risk that after two weeks you will stop doing this. Training requires patience, because for a long time you will not receive any results or money. Therefore, motivation for learning is even more important than for work.

Below you will see a step-by-step structure that will increase your motivation in learning.

Goals. Start by recognizing and writing down two types of goals: long-term and short-term. Short-term goals will influence your level of motivation and move you towards long-term goals.

1. Write down all your goals.
2. Avoid ambiguity; goals should be clear and clear.
3. Break complex goals into small ones.
4. State how you intend to achieve your goal. The more details, the better.
5. Visualize achieving your goal and how you will feel in the future when you achieve it.
6. Reward yourself. External incentives should complement motivation, not determine it.

Just start. The brain is designed in such a way that it resists any change in activity because it does not want to lose energy. Knowing this, you should do everything possible to remain in a state of learning for as long as possible - over time, the desire to learn will arise. Now this process becomes the main one, and distraction from it becomes painful.

1. Tell yourself, “I’ll study for just 30 minutes and then we’ll see.”
2. Don't torture yourself by imagining alternatives to studying. Focusing on other activities will make learning exhausting.
3. The faster you concentrate, the faster you will complete the lesson.
4. Imagine the negative consequences of procrastination and laziness (we are afraid of inner pain).
5. Imagine the positive consequences of achieving a goal (we strive to have fun).
6. Eliminate distractions (put your phone on silent).

Achieve one small goal. You've already divided your long-term goal into several short-term ones, and now you just need to achieve one of them. This is important because it allows you to feel that you have become better, that you have reached a new level. very popular now and for good reason. In the game, motivation appears as if by itself: you don’t need to look for it and carve it out of stone.

Choose the right music. Many people neglect this advice, but in vain. What is the most important thing in learning? Complete concentration. So download music that doesn't have lyrics and try to work for a few hours. If this is your thing, use this playlist more often.

Clear the table. Few people will sit at a table cluttered with piles of paper and various rubbish. A clean table means clear thoughts. It's always hard to start, and when you see a cluttered desk, you find yourself a lot of excuses for not doing anything.

Genuine Interest. You can force yourself, or you can fall in love with learning. What does it mean? For example, you teach English language and it seems boring. Read the book “It is impossible to teach you a foreign language” by Nikolai Zamyatkin, which will help you become interested in the process of learning languages. Be interested not only in rules and boring theories, find Interesting Facts in any field that you master.

Motivation for sports

Everyone wants to be and clearly understands this. Why then do so few people play sports? Because they lack motivation. They have knowledge, they have understanding, they have a need, but there is no desire. You can even force yourself to work or study, but going for a run (if this is not your profession) is incredibly difficult. Here are some tips to help you do this.

Read books about sports. After reading an article about sports, the likelihood of doing it increases significantly. Much depends on the skill of the author, who may or may not evoke this desire. After a few days, motivation and enthusiasm disappear. Therefore, read books and exercise at the same time.

Athletes release their autobiographies - reading them will be an excellent motivating factor. There are books about fitness, proper breathing and much more. If they help you at least start doing morning exercises, then they are already performing some of their functions.

Track your progress. Smart watches are of particular value for those who play sports. It’s very exciting to see after a run how many kilometers you ran and how many calories you lost. Find popular apps for your mobile platform and use them.

Find a friend for sports. It will be much more difficult for you to refuse to go to Gym, if you understand that you will let the person down. You can enjoy a great time together and help motivate each other. Someone who is better than you will usually be more motivated as you try to keep up with them. And vice versa.

Find music for sports. Motivation appears when strong positive emotions rage in your psyche. Music evokes them quickly.

Pack your bag and leave it near the door. This is the simplest and most effective trigger technique. We have already said that the brain does not want to change its activity, which means that any obstacle will be perceived as a reason not to do so. If your bag is packed and located near the door, you just need to put on your shoes and leave the apartment. Even if you have the strongest motivation for sports today, don’t flatter yourself - it will disappear overnight.

Create a schedule. Replace the thought “I should go to the pool” with “I will go to the pool tomorrow, Thursday and Saturday right after work.” You don't look for an excuse, but put up with by decision and plan your life, taking into account that two hours for the pool are already scheduled.

Motivation to work

Work can bring suffering if you are mentally determined that you are doing it all for the money. Even what you love will become unpleasant after some time if you are fixated only on external rewards.

Motivation to work differs significantly from motivation to study in one important point: in studying it is important to start (the first 30 minutes), but in many cases you are forced to do work. The problem is not getting the work done (you will do it), but enjoying it.

Let's see what methods and tips will help you avoid such a mistake.

Productive morning. No the best way hate your job than start your morning wrong. Wrong means unproductive and completely pointless. No matter what kind of work you have, in the office or at home, the first 30 minutes after waking up are of great importance.

What can and should be done during this time? Review your to-do list for today that you made ahead of time last night. This is important because it allows you to instantly get ready for work. Meditate and do exercises - the first clears your thoughts, the second brings you out of a state of laziness and peace.

Definition of the task. Work motivates when it is clear what exactly you are doing. Think about it: what good feeling does it feel like when you clearly understand a task or make serious progress on a big project? At the end of each day or week, create a “Done” list (opposite your to-do list) in which you outline all the tasks you have completed. For extra motivation, keep it in front of your eyes.

Diversity of skills. What completely kills motivation? Boredom, routine, repetition. When you do the same thing, it drives you crazy. Whatever you do, there is always the opportunity to learn something new, study many books on the topic and immediately apply knowledge in practice. Do the job in different ways, mix it up different styles and demeanor.

Feedback. If you want to become motivated, collect feedback on your work. Not only for the ego boost (if the job is done well), but also because the right feedback can help sharpen skills. It is good because it unsettles the usual rut, offers fresh ideas and makes you question the usual order of things. It helps you look at yourself and your work from a different angle. Freshness appears and destroys routine.

Remind yourself why you do what you do.. Even if your work is enjoyable and has great value, you may forget about it. Remind yourself of its importance every day - in the morning and before bed. In any case, it will be done, so it’s better to do it with pleasure.

Know your "why". First, step back and create a list that displays all the ideas, projects, and tasks floating around in your mind. Then take a look at the following questions:

1. Why is this task important to me?
2. Who and what does it affect?
3. How will this affect my personal and professional life?

Even if you don't feel like doing the work today, still tell yourself, “I want to do this task,” rather than “I have to do it.” If you can't evoke the right emotion, take a couple of minutes and think: “Why is this so important to me?”

Self-motivation for procrastinators

When deadlines are not absolute or clearly defined, procrastinators do not cope well with them. All four strategies discussed below involve activating emotions that motivate performance.

Reducing available time

Scheduling a task around a job or activity gives procrastinators less available time to do something, thereby creating time pressure that activates driving emotions. Some people, encouraged by a deadline, challenge themselves before they start working or studying.

If you artificially limit yourself to time frames, then you begin to control yourself. As we know, work fills all the time allotted to it.

Forced incentives

Professionally successful people emotionally attached to their goals. When they keep promises regarding them, they increase their motivation level. To-do lists are popular for a variety of reasons, but they are used as a tool for making commitments.

Financial considerations are also effective in setting an absolute deadline. This is especially important for those whose income is based on commissions or project completion. Regularly assessing the attractiveness of a financial goal and its impact on your long-term plan can generate emotions that motivate action. It doesn't matter what incentives you find, real or unrealistic, the main thing is that it works.

Using working memory

The burst of energy needed to achieve something appears as the deadline approaches. When you think about a task without doing it, you become tired and waste a lot of energy without any benefit.

Get thoughts about the task out of your head until you begin to complete it. Otherwise, you will not be able to get to work, simultaneously reproaching yourself for it. Meditation and breathing exercises may help you.

Using external circumstances

Even though procrastinators like to wait for deadlines, under certain circumstances they are motivated to complete tasks early. For example, they can immediately solve it if the delay is associated with an intrapersonal conflict. That is, the pain of not getting the work done right now should be greater than the pain of putting it off.

You can set your priorities in such a way that you take on work in order not to let your loved one down. Some people's sense of self-shame is not as intense as the shame we feel in front of those we care about.

Books on motivation and self-motivation

• “33 ways to self-motivate” Igor Osipenko
• "100 Ways to Self-Motivate" Steve Chandler
• “It’s not harmful to dream” Barbara Sher
• "Be the best version of yourself" Dan Waldschmidt
• "No Self Pity" Erik Larssen
• "To hell with all of it! Take it and do it!” Richard Branson
• "Get Out of Your Comfort Zone" Brian Tracy

We wish you good luck!

What is motivation

In the scientific understanding, motivation is explained as the urge to action. This is a dynamic process of psychophysiological structure that controls human behavior, as well as determining its direction, activity, organization and stability; A person’s ability to satisfy needs through purposeful activities.
Motivation can also be described as a psychophysiological process that encourages a person to perform a certain activity with the help of external and intrapersonal factors.

Motivation as a tool for success

for success is a very strong “motive tool”, which greatly helps to bring the desired result closer. In simple words motivation is a kind of strong psychological impact, which activates a person and makes him act or move no matter what. But I can say from my own experience, and recently I also came across important information that proves that motivation can be both positive and negative. How can motivation be harmful?, you ask? But the whole point is that rather weak motivation is, of course, not enough to achieve goals, but also Too strong motivation can be even worse than weak motivation. Since a very highly motivated person begins to make many fussy mistakes, absurd and alarming actions. And further, very strong motivation, creates unnecessary excitement . In addition, all this can develop into an equally severe depression because of. So you need to find a middle ground. It would be more correct motivate yourself in small doses, but constantly and most importantly, always keep your goal, dream, desire in mind.

A sufficiently and positively motivated person will always be able to move mountains in his path and overcome any obstacles. Do you know what the main advantage of this energy is? And the fact is that a properly motivated person is not so susceptible to the same things and does not focus on failures, because he knows what he wants to achieve and does not pay attention to obstacles and temporary defeats. Any failure cannot confuse him, because he sees his goal and is confident in his abilities. I am sure that he will get to the carrot regardless of external factors. He can lose many battles today and win a war tomorrow.
Well, let’s move on directly to the methods of proper motivation.

Ignore what doesn't matter to you

1. Being able to ignore something is an amazing thing. It will bring much more benefits than you could imagine. There should be a special subject “Ignoring” that should be taught at the university. Spreading your attention on many things at once, as most people do, only weakens you. Ignoring what doesn't matter will free up your energy and help you stay focused, focused, and productive.

Try to figure out what's boring you

2. Avoid all of this if possible. Things and actions tend to become boring. But, just like any other condition you have, it can be understood and ways to get rid of it can be determined. Once you understand this, you can do it easily. It takes time, but it's really worth it.

Laugh more often

3. If there is free time watch comedies more often, read comics. Forget about your terrible seriousness. Laughter is a mechanism that can help prevent and relieve stress. In fact, it quickly removes it from you and this is the most effective remedy.

Keep a journal of your breakthroughs

4. Do you remember those moments when you achieved something worthwhile in your life? We tend to forget the simple habit of writing down our feelings every time we have a big breakthrough. Start and keep a journal of your successes, victories, successful events. And take inspiration from it.

Exercise

5. This is the easiest way to motivate yourself. Just get out of the office, start doing some exercise or just take a short jog around your house. This will immediately activate your body, put it in order and recharge you with energy. Every time you do some exercise, you get endorphins. And endorphins are useful, good and cool. =)

Create an environment that suits you

6. You will not be able to constantly motivate yourself to take action if you work in an environment that does not suit you. Change it, add to it or improve it. It doesn’t matter whether you work in an office or at home. Whatever the space around you, make it “yours” in any way, this will reduce the adaptation time and you will be able to devote more time to the necessary things. And in general, even if you are satisfied with everything, periodically changing the environment is useful - it brings shades of innovation and freshness into your life.

Read success stories

7. Read other people's success stories. Find motivation and experience in them. Get inspired. Admire them. Reading similar stories will make success more accessible and will fuel your efforts to achieve it. And, of course, you can learn to be successful, feel successful, and do as winners do.

Switch between tasks

8. People get tired of working on just one project for a long time. Fatigue from monotonous work greatly reduces motivation (unless your job is your dream, in which case motivation and inspiration are inexhaustible). Try doing a few small projects when you feel like you're on edge. Let's not say that switching between tasks will give you fresh perspectives, but it will help you solve problems faster.

Evaluate your progress

9. If you are constantly moving towards your goal, you will usually make some progress. But you may feel like you haven't made any progress, and that's because you're missing all those little daily milestones. Look back with satisfaction at what you have created, this will definitely increase your energy.

Talk about your projects

10. With friends or family. Let people know that you are doing something good. This often makes us understand that we are doing something really good and enjoying it. It also creates a level of responsibility that is more likely to push you forward.

Avoid Energy Vampires

11. – they all suck energy and motivation out of you. Do not fall into the power of such a game, avoid these energy leaks at all costs. Even if it means you'll be isolated more often. It's better to do the job alone than to try to fight off the vampires around you.

Create Clear Goals

12. More precisely, clearly state and write down your goals on paper, because they are already clearly defined deep in your mind. But take them out of your mind, and put them somewhere where you can always find them. Your mind works better when it knows what needs to be done, rather than spending time figuring it out.

Practice Satisfaction

13. When you complete some work or task, reward yourself. Give yourself a gift. It doesn't need to be particularly large. It is only needed to develop a habit. Strive for it while you work, expect it. After a while you will become addicted to it and will not stop until you get your coveted “carrot”.

Accept defeat

14. As part of this game. Failure, like success, is just the result of your actions and nothing more. In fact, any failure is an experience and the one who makes mistakes in time and learns from them wins. One of the biggest enemies of motivation is fear of failure. Fears that your results will disappear. Accept defeat. It's not good, but that doesn't mean you should stop doing what you're doing. Work on yourself and hope for the best.

Use reminders

15. Use them as a record of your aspirations, goals, current status. Reminders are a very powerful tool that is greatly underestimated. People find it awkward to write messages to themselves and read them out loud. News flash: you do this all the time, unconsciously. So why not do it consciously? Let's start the morning with a phrase addressed to yourself!?

Play games

16. Parody people. Imitate animals. Imagine that you are some kind of fairy-tale character. Games will give your thoughts a rest and, at the same time, gather your strength from secret sources. They also develop enthusiasm and ease of action. Good motivation is always mixed with joy. You can start with a simple game like: How to get from point A to point B in 5 random steps.

Say “No”

17. Say “no” to unnecessary entertainment, distractions, and depression. Practicing the word “No” frees you. Having too many obligations too often makes your life a continuous series of constant chores. Limit your promises, and only take on what you really want to finish. After that, go to the mirror, smile and start politely practicing your “no”.

Look for positive people

18. Sadness, whining and complaining do not go well with motivation. In fact, everything is completely the opposite. But positive, optimistic, energetic people will always shift your mood changes in the right direction. Look for them, find them and become their friend. Sometimes all you need to motivate yourself is to be surrounded by happy or successful people.

Difficulty is part of the game

19. Learn to work under pressure. There are some things that are more difficult than others. Accept this fact and focus on what you need to do rather than on your feelings of dissatisfaction. Difficulties often force you to do something. You can’t even pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty. Whenever you feel that something will be difficult to do, you tend to be more motivated to do it. The reward will be higher.

Have a competition with yourself

20. Competing with yourself or short-term goals, usually 15-90 days. Like starting an exercise routine or creating a habit from scratch in 15 days. Or, for example, do a sprint to complete some permanent work - that is, try to do a certain action faster than yesterday. This kind of competition strengthens your inner spirit in the same way that exercise strengthens muscles. The more you do, the more motivated you feel to do even more.

Choose positive motivation

21. When you motivate yourself, do whatever it takes to keep your motivation going. on the positive side, which is initially aimed at helping you. Unlike negative motivation, which basically makes you fearful. Negative motivation works in the same way, only it is much less effective than positive motivation.

Get rid of your “fears”

22. Like any person, you have “fears”, and some of them affect you quite adversely. They won't let you do what you have in mind. The worst thing is that most of the time they work outside of your consciousness and it is quite difficult to fight them. Just accept it, be aware of it and get rid of them. You will feel better. But this is more a question of willpower.

Follow your personal mission

23. You must have your own personal mission. If you don't have one, quickly find one. Reinforcing your personal mission at specific intervals is by far one of the greatest motivators. It's like looking at a map and being able to see at any moment where you are, how far you have to go, and which path to take.

Spend time outside

24. If you can do something creative like gardening or landscaping, that's even better. But nothing bad will happen even if you don’t know how to do it. By spending time outside, you purify the indoor air. Fresh air also helps you regain strength and relieve stress. When you return, everything will be brighter and shinier. And something fresh is always a pleasant motivator.

Keep your inner world clean

25. A clean inner world helps to have an easier flow of thoughts. And an easy train of thought allows you to be unencumbered by any worries. Often? this is the only thing needed to start creating something.

Don't strive for perfection

26. It will soon wear you down. Perfection does not exist and that is why you will only experience failure. Striving to be better is the real game. Perfection is a dead end; nothing will happen even if you get close to it. Recognizing that you can be better, rather than believing yourself to be perfect, leaves some room for growth. This means you have a reason to do even more and even better. And this is what we usually call motivation, right?

Do one thing at a time

27. Multitasking is a myth. You will simply waste your energy and lose sight of your purpose. Even computer processors don't multitask, that's just what we see. Instead, they have a single frequency and multiple parallel information management buses, creating a type of multitasking activity. Multitasking creates internal conflicts, both in the human body and in the computer. You'll end up spending more time resolving these conflicts than doing the work itself.

Keep reading for what inspires you.

28. Keep making a list of what inspires you. Quotes, blog posts, books, whatever. Sometimes a small phrase or a motivating picture is enough for you to decide at the right moment to take an unusual action that will change your future life.

Turn on some good music

29. Just let it play, float around you, don't turn it on too loud. Its volume should be enough to create a pleasant atmosphere. Music controls parts of the mind that you cannot control logically, it is so powerful that it can completely lift your mood in a second. The only thing better than silence is good music. But the music should be positive or background.

Don't fall into the productivity trap

30. It doesn't matter how much you do, only how meaningful it is. Doing something just to tick a notebook will not give you motivation. On the other hand, when you do something meaningful, your organizational skills will help you.

31. Your camera lens may be blurry, but you may not know it. Therefore, you will end up with the same picture over and over again, which stops you and prevents you from moving forward. Sometimes all you have to do is take off your rose-colored glasses. It takes courage, but it's worth it.

Clean up the house

32. I know you need motivation for this too, but believe me, this is a great way to get rid of internal garbage. Cleaning your home isn't just cleaning, it's a necessity. Your path of action may be as littered with debris as your floor. And cleaning it will give your thoughts a go again.

Finally, stop reading this and get to work!

33. Your tasks from reading will not be completed on their own. Inspiration is a good motivator, but don't overuse it. Now that you're energized, it's time to get back to work. Of course, you can bookmark this post for future motivation sessions, but for now, just get to work.

The impossible is possible!

Exercise is known to improve health, improve well-being and prolong life. There is an opinion that properly selected physical activity helps not only to get in great shape, but also to cope with depression and blues. Unfortunately, for various reasons, not everyone can go to the gym. In this case, training can be organized at home. Doesn't work again? So it's all about lack of motivation.

Most people have at least once tried to start a new life on Monday or next month. For example, do exercises in the morning, go for a run, eat right, finally quit smoking, etc. But there are often cases when, with the beginning of a new week, all aspirations are put off until later or are simply forgotten. According to psychologists, the reason lies not only in laziness or lack of willpower, but also in the wrong approach to assigned tasks.

Good motivation is the key to further success. It's no secret that any victory begins with victory over oneself, one's laziness, and fears. In order to start moving forward, you need to set priorities, analyze your capabilities and change your attitude towards the problem. First of all, it is important to understand what you want to get from a healthy lifestyle and sports in particular: good mood and self-confidence, slimness and health, the desire to please others, etc. After this, you need to choose the most suitable look fitness that will help you achieve your goal. Some people prefer the pool, others like strength or dynamic training, there are those who like dancing, stretching, yoga, running, and regular walking. The main thing is that the classes bring not only benefits, but also pleasure and enjoyment. It is also important to tune in to gradually achieving the goal; it will ultimately give a sustainable result and become a habit, rather than methods that lead to rapid changes.

An incentive for regular physical activity can be, for example, training with like-minded people and friends, or a publicly given promise to start leading a healthy lifestyle. This will make it more difficult in the future to give up on your goal and quit what you started. For some people, motivation comes from real stories of those who changed themselves and their lives in better side, photographs of slender and cheerful girls, guys from fashion magazines, aphorisms and statuses posted in visible places that give confidence in working on oneself.

A successful motivation will be the fact that fitness helps rejuvenate the body and prevents premature aging. It helps strengthen the immune system, normalize blood pressure, improve the functioning of the digestive system, maintain joint mobility, relieve headaches, insomnia, etc.

Effective ways on the path to a healthy lifestyle

If you want to achieve something, it is important to set specific goals. For example, if you set a goal to lose excess weight, decide how many kilograms you want to lose. Once a week, summarize your results and even if, in your opinion, they are insignificant, record them in a special diary and compare your successes with previous ones. Positive results and changes in appearance are also good motivation, since progress increases the effectiveness of classes by several percent.

A similar method can be used by those who want to pump up or tighten their body; to do this, measure and record the volumes of your arms, legs, waist, and hips weekly.

Since the human body tends to get used to physical activity, over time the results become less noticeable. The so-called plateau effect or stagnation occurs. In this regard, it is necessary to gradually complicate the exercises or alternate different kinds workouts: stretching, cardio, strength training.

Fitness instructors do not advise setting yourself several tasks at once, otherwise it will turn out like chasing two birds with one stone. Lack of achievements can discourage further studies. Only after achieving weight loss to the required level can you begin to shape your figure.

Many people blame their failures on a busy work schedule, a large amount of household chores, and the resulting lack of free time. However, according to famous artists whose lives involve constant touring and filming, you can always allocate 40-60 minutes for good causes. To do this, it is not at all necessary to visit a fitness club, although group training and the money spent on a subscription are sufficient motivation, but most of the exercises can still be performed at home. A morning jog or breathing exercises can charge you with energy and vigor for the whole day; sports in the evening allow you to escape from everyday work and problems. As an alternative, exercise on simulators will serve.

Having decided on the nature of home fitness, be sure to draw up a schedule according to which you plan to exercise and cross off each workout you complete. Of course, maintaining discipline in this case will be much more difficult; you will need willpower and a desire to change your life for the better. But after a few weeks, a healthy lifestyle will firmly become a habit.

Failures stimulate and build character

The absence of the expected result is not a reason to give up. For some people, failures serve as an additional incentive to work on themselves. According to psychologists, you need to be mentally prepared for such a turn. It is known that the correct reaction to mistakes or failures makes us stronger and more persistent in achieving our goals. When bad experience It’s worth reconsidering your training and nutrition plan. Other physical activity may be required. Regularity of classes also plays a significant role. A healthy lifestyle does not imply hours of daily exercise. It is enough to study for one hour three to four times a week to receive tangible fruits of your labor and confirm the simple truth that new life It doesn’t start with Monday at all, but with our consciousness and motivation.

The right motivation on the path to success - all about the secrets of fitness on the site

Motivation is a very powerful tool in the right hands. Sometimes it is very easy for a person to motivate himself and he remains inspired for a long time. But at times it is very difficult to do this, and he slowly begins to be sucked into the “swamp” of procrastination and apathy. In this article you will find several effective ways and helpful research on how to stay motivated over the long haul.

1. What is motivation and how does it work

Scientists define motivation as the urge to do something. In other words, it is a set of psychophysiological processes that prompt a person to perform a certain action. However, there is another definition of motivation.

What is motivation?

So what is motivation? This concept is best explored in Steven Pressfield's book The War on Creativity. He writes: “At some point, doing nothing begins to cause a person more discomfort than carrying out an activity.”

In other words, sometimes it is easier to do something than to do nothing. It’s easier to gather strength and go to the gym than to continue to lie on the couch and gain weight. It’s easier to overcome embarrassment and call your potential client than to lose a bonus due to an unfulfilled sales plan.

Any of our choices has its “price,” but it is better to experience inconvenience from any activity than to later regret that you did nothing. However, in order to get down to business, you need to cross a certain line that separates the zone of procrastination from the zone of active action. This often happens when we are approaching a deadline.

In this regard, there is a very important question: What can we do to overcome this line and stay motivated all the time?

Common misconceptions related to motivation

The surprising thing is that motivation usually arises after you do something unusual, and not before. Many people have the misconception that reading a motivational book or watching an inspiring video is enough to inspire them to do something. However, so-called “active” inspiration can serve as a more powerful incentive to action.

Motivation is usually the result of an activity, not its cause. Once you start doing something, inspiration will naturally develop and you will be able to complete what you started.

Thus, in order to motivate yourself to perform any action, you just need to start doing it. Below we will talk about how to apply this advice in real life.

2. How to motivate yourself and start doing something

Many people struggle to motivate themselves to achieve certain goals. Without motivation, we spend too much energy and time on taking actions that lead us to the desired result.

According to writer Sarah Peck, many aspiring authors struggle to complete their work because they can't answer the question of when they'll next sit down to write. The same goes for training in the gym, business, art, etc. For example, if you don't have a workout schedule, then every day you will wake up thinking, "I'll go to the gym today if I'm in the mood."

Making a schedule seems like a very simple step. However, it will help you organize and systematize your activities. Usually people try to stick to a schedule despite lack of desire and motivation. Many studies confirm this fact.

Stop waiting for inspiration to strike and simply create a clear schedule that you will follow. This is the main difference between professionals and amateurs. Lovers are waiting for inspiration, and then they take action.

What is the secret of famous artists? How do they stay motivated all the time? They don’t just create a schedule of actions, but develop rituals.

The famous dancer and choreographer Twyla Tharp spoke about her daily ritual in an interview. Every day she gets up at 5.30 am, puts on her workout clothes and leaves the apartment. The girl then hails a taxi and tells the driver to take her to the gym, where she works out for two hours. The ritual is not in the training process, but in the trip itself. Once Twyla tells the driver where to go, the ritual is over.

It seems like a very simple action. However, if you repeat the same thing every morning, it will soon become a habit. And once the action becomes habitual, it will be easier for you to perform it regularly, because we don’t think about routine everyday actions, but simply do them “automatically.”

Many famous people have developed their own rituals. Much has been written about this in Mason Curry’s book “Genius Mode. Daily routine of great people."

The key to any ritual is that you don't have to make any decisions about what to do first and what to do next. Many people fail to achieve success because they cannot start doing something. If you can turn your activities into a habitual ritual, then it will not be difficult for you to finish what you start, even if difficult tasks arise along the way.

How to develop a motivating habit

By following three simple steps, you can create your own ritual and turn motivation into a habit.

Step #1. Any ritual should begin with some very simple action. For example, you might drink a glass of water before you sit down to write your novel. Or you can put on your favorite sneakers before heading to your workout. These actions are so simple that it is impossible to refuse to perform them.

Step #2. You have to force yourself to move. Lack of motivation is often associated with a lack of physical activity. Remember your physical state at a time when you are bored or sad. You don't make any active movements, do you? At such moments, most people just sit on the couch and stare at one point. In this case, the opposite statement is true: if you are physically active, your brain also begins to work more actively. For example, when you dance, it is simply impossible not to feel a surge of energy and revitalization. Physical activity does not always mean doing any exercise. For example, if your goal is to write a novel, then this activity should be directed towards writing.

Step #3. It is necessary to adhere to the same plan of action every day. Their initial task is to motivate you to do a certain activity. As a result, you won't have to wait for inspiration. Instead, you will simply begin your usual ritual, and then smoothly move on to the main action.

3. How to stay motivated for a long time

Strategies have been mentioned above to help you motivate yourself and get started on a task. But what about staying motivated over the long term? How to stay motivated?

Imagine that you are playing tennis. If you choose a four-year-old girl as your opponent, you will quickly get bored with the game, since winning will be too easy. On the contrary, if you play, for example, against Serena Williams, then constant defeats will quickly demotivate you. Such an opponent will be too tough for you. You will be interested in the game if the opponent has equal abilities. You will have a chance to win if you put in the effort. Thus, challenging but achievable tasks help us stay motivated.

People like challenges. But the level of difficulty should be optimal for a particular person. Tasks that are too complex demotivate us, while tasks that are too simple quickly become boring.

At this moment, a person experiences a special state of emotional uplift. Athletes usually refer to this as “being on fire.” At this moment, a person is so focused on completing a specific task that the whole world around him fades.

To achieve this state, you must follow the rule described in the previous section. If you choose a task of optimal difficulty, you will not only be motivated in the long term, but you will also experience a feeling of happiness after completing it. As psychologist Gilbert Bream said, “One of the important sources of human happiness lies in completing tasks of the appropriate level of difficulty.”

However, to reach peak motivation, you still need to constantly measure your current progress. In other words, it is important that you receive feedback at every stage of the task. Assessing your own progress is key factor necessary to maintain a state of motivation.

What to do if you start to lose motivation

Motivation to perform an action will inevitably begin to fade at a certain point in time. In such cases, you can use the tips below.

1. Your brain is a source of valuable suggestions.

Imagine that every thought that arises in your head is a proposal, not an order. For example, when an author writes an article, the thought that he is tired comes into his head. This leads to a suggestion to quit your job, choose the path of least resistance and give up.

Just remember that none of these suggestions are instructions for action. These are just options, and you have the opportunity to choose one of them.

2. Discomfort is temporary

Almost any action you take will end very soon. For example, your workout only lasts an hour or two. Your report will be ready by tomorrow morning.

Now life has become much simpler than before. Even 300 years ago, if you did not grow your own food and build a house, then you were doomed to death. And today, a tragedy for a person is the fact that he left the charger for his phone at home.

Thus, be mindful of the prospects ahead. Life is wonderful, and any discomfort is temporary.

You will never regret doing a job well.

Theodore Roosevelt once said: “It is certain that best reward what life can give you is worthwhile work" We all want our work to be useful to people and for them to respect our work. However, we do not want our attempts to be in vain. Everyone wants a reward, not hard, monotonous work. Everyone wants a gold medal, but few want to train as hard as members of the Olympic team. So, remember that the reward is worth the effort it takes to get it.

That's life

In life, we constantly balance between the desire to distance ourselves from everything and self-discipline. Life is a collection of hundreds of thousands of small decisions about whether to fight or give up.

Don't underestimate those moments when you don't feel like doing anything. Spend this time in a way that makes you proud of yourself.

"Personnel Management", 2008, N 3

The shocking but merciless statistics stating that the turnover of ordinary employees and lower-level managers is 100 - 150% per year is a reality. Of course, this is typical primarily for Moscow and for trade. And there are several explanations for this:

Moscow is spoiled by a surplus of labor;

The employer wants quick (instant) returns from staff;

There is a myth in the labor market that money is everything.

This statistics is the result of the employer’s attitude towards its staff. By and large, it turns out that the staff is a burden, an extra, unnecessary link that only interferes with work. It turns out (paradox!) that it would be better if it did not exist at all. Walks around doing nothing, asks for something, is late for work, doesn’t want to work, dresses casually, is rude to clients, etc. and so on. Therefore, the attitude towards him is the same. Due to the oversupply of labor, no one thinks about how to retain an employee. Application on the table - and goodbye. Let's find new workers. There are so many of them!

Moreover, there are often situations when a person is hired for a probationary period (3 months), deliberately reducing his salary for this time, and not even thinking about entering into a long-term relationship with him. Then the person is fired as unable to cope probationary period, another is taken in his place under the same conditions, and everything is repeated in a circle. They take the third, fourth, etc. What savings on wages! Temporary relationships, temporary workers, temporary job... Temporary becomes law! But, as you know, there is nothing more permanent than temporary. That is why fluidity is above all norms and rules.

Some people are happy with this, but until a certain time, others are not. And then the employer begins to think: what’s the matter? It seems that I pay no less than the market average for this category of workers, but they leave. I find new workers, and they leave again. It seems that the workers are not bad, but something does not suit them. What to do?

Personnel is the main asset

Increasing the efficiency of the enterprise, on which the growth of production, the growth of the quality of life and the growth of GDP (the main tasks of our time), and indeed the work of the enterprise in general, depend, are impossible without personnel. Personnel are the main asset of an enterprise. Without staff, the tools are dead. No matter how perfect the technology and equipment are, no matter how well-functioning automated system, without people, without their knowledge and training, without the desire and ability to work, without proper motivation and sufficient stimulation, all this either does not work or does not provide adequate returns. Therefore, a person is a key link in any enterprise. And motivation and stimulation of a person are the main indicators characterizing the effectiveness of this key link. It is no wonder that motivation and incentives today come to the fore in the personnel management system. And leaders seem to be starting to understand this.

Therefore, it is quite natural to ask the employer: do you know how this main asset of yours lives - your staff? What worries him, what is he concerned about, how does he evaluate your incentive system?

Correlation "motives - incentives"

Let's start with the basics. What is a motive and what is an incentive? What is motivation and what is stimulation?

Let us recall that motives are the internal motivators of an individual worker (individual motives), a group of people (group motives) or a team (collective motives). In short, motive is what moves a person and people.

The concept of “motivation” is used in the sense of the formation of individual, group and collective motives. Motivation is also understood as the process of influencing incentives on motives to obtain the required level of motivation.

In turn, relatively individual employee, group or collective, incentives act as external motivators in the work, activities and work that the enterprise addresses to him. And the incentive system is determined and designed at the enterprise based on its capabilities, goals and level of professionalism of managers.

Based on this understanding of motives and incentives, as well as the corresponding systems of motivation and incentives, there are various relationships between them that determine the rules of management in the current practice of the enterprise.

Rule one: the more the incentive system corresponds to the motivation of the employee, group, team, the stronger its effect and the higher the effectiveness of the incentives.

Rule two (reverse): the less the incentive system corresponds to the motivation of the employee, group, team, the weaker its effect and the lower the effectiveness of the incentives.

The main problem of the Russian employer is that the identification of this ratio (paradox!) was and continues to be based on the manager’s internal feeling of motivation for his staff. This feeling is based on the following elements:

On the vision of the attitude of employees to work, the performance of their tasks and functions;

On assessing the quantitative and qualitative results of labor;

On the perception of various statements by workers regarding the existing incentive system, and above all wages.

No one or almost no one thought and does not want to think that the staff can also have their own opinion, that they can also have their own motives and interests, that they can also evaluate the incentive system addressed to them in their own way, etc. Thus, on Today, the current way to reduce staff turnover is a decisive transition from a sense of the motivational environment to its systematic measurement and the study and improvement of the enterprise incentive system on this basis. In this regard, a new management rule arises.

Rule three: do not trust a manager who bases the motivation of his staff on personal feelings. Trust the information you get from the original source. Set up a system for collecting and processing information on measuring and analyzing the level of motivation directly from employees, groups, and teams.

The most important condition here is individual approach and personal attitude towards the employee. Each person is individual. Everyone evaluates certain stimuli differently. Everyone has their own motives. To figure them out, you need to “get into” his soul. Be able to find an approach to a person in order to understand what he breathes, what excites him, where his main strings are. And then you will better understand who is in front of you. Having understood this, it will be easier for you to establish contact with a person, and it will be easier to build a management process through cooperation.

The main thesis is that the staff is not a gray mass, but a set of individuals, that is, individuals. Recognize them. Hence the new rule.

Rule four: all people are different, have an individual approach to each person, and for it to be effective, understand the individual motivation of each employee.

How to measure motivation?

The questions of practical measurement of the level of motivation and determination of individual (group, collective) motivational balance are of great interest. Motivational balance is the relationship between motivation (what attracts, what drives the employee) and anti-motivation (what repels, what causes a negative attitude). Methods of practical measurement of the level of motivation allow us to move from sensations to real numbers. On the basis of such measurements, it is possible to systematically generate personnel motivation statistics and study them.

Since this is our know-how, we would not like to give a specific methodology for measuring the level of motivation in this article. Such methods are known, there are many of them. Their essence lies in the digital determination of the individual level of motivation and motivational balance of a particular person, taking into account a number of factors:

Working conditions;

Labor organizations;

Interest in the content of the work being performed;

Psychological climate in the team;

Remuneration;

Senior management style;

The level of professionalism of managers;

Opportunities for self-realization;

Prospects for the existence of the enterprise.

Then, for a group of workers, the average level of group motivation is determined as the arithmetic mean of the sum of the individual levels of motivation of workers making up the group (department, site, workshop), and for a group of workers, the collective level of motivation is determined (large division, branch, enterprise).

I would like to dwell on the following. When measuring motivation, it is important to use the same methodology to obtain comparable results. Hence the new rule.

Rule five: when measuring the level of motivation, use one method. This will make it possible to generate motivational statistics and obtain results that are comparable over time, which will allow us to draw a conclusion about the dynamics of changes in the level of motivation and the effectiveness of certain methods of stimulation.

And further the most important point is to overcome the psychological barrier between the employee and the manager when measuring the level of motivation. Unfortunately, it often happens that employees withdraw and do not provide objective information, for fear of offending the manager, so as not to cause, God forbid, a negative attitude towards themselves. And therefore, during measurements carried out by a manager (a higher authority), distortions are frequent, and the picture is drawn according to the principle “What do you want?” It is clear that such information is far from reality and cannot be used as the basis for an analysis of motivation.

Therefore, it is better to entrust this difficult work to a third uninterested party, to whom it will be easier for the employee to open up. It could be consulting company, which, on the basis of outsourcing, can be entrusted with the work of measuring and analyzing the level of staff motivation. Hence the new rule.

Rule six: to obtain reliable data, entrust the work of measuring and analyzing the level of staff motivation to a third party, to whom it will be easier for the employee, group, or team to open up.

As for the frequency of measurements, the optimal interval is once a quarter. This will allow the assessments to be broken down quarterly and to track the effectiveness of incentive methods in relation to the implementation of quarterly plan targets.

How to use the results of motivation analysis?

The tasks facing a third party tasked with measuring staff motivation levels may include the following:

1) systematic measurement and study of the motivation of employees in various departments of the enterprise;

2) assessment of the effectiveness of labor incentive systems and methods used at the enterprise;

3) development of proposals for improving the incentive system in relation to various categories of employees of the enterprise;

4) identification and implementation of new methods of stimulating labor;

5) justification of new remuneration systems in relation to different categories of employees of the enterprise;

6) generation of statistics on the level of personnel motivation and assessments of the incentive system with the subsequent use of information to develop a strategy for the development of motivation and personnel incentive system;

7) studying the experience of domestic and foreign enterprises in assessing motivation and using various incentive methods.

So, we measured the level of motivation and determined the motivational balance. Our further task is to obtain employee evaluations of the applied incentive system. It is important to understand how this or that level of motivation is related to the incentive system used. In obtaining such assessments, we must understand how the employee (individually) evaluates the specific incentive methods used in the enterprise. Moreover, the following are assessed separately:

Methods of material incentives;

Social package methods;

Methods of moral stimulation;

Methods of organizational stimulation.

We need these assessments to obtain a complete picture linking the level of staff motivation with the system of their incentives. Without this connection, it is impossible to talk about the full development of the motivational system at the enterprise, since we practically cannot influence motivation (it is difficult to change something in a person’s head), but we can change the incentive system, bringing it as close as possible to motivation. Hence the new rule.

Rule seven: move from measuring the level of staff motivation to assessing the incentive system used, believing that the established connection between them will allow you to create an effective incentive system adequate to the level of motivation.

Only now we have collected all the necessary information to move on to the constructive part of the work, namely the creation of proposals for improving the systems of motivation and incentives for personnel. Here, too, it is necessary to make maximum use of the wishes of employees. To do this, collect proposals that each of them would like to add to the existing incentive system. Analyze the wishes received, combine them, select the most in demand, compare them with the motives of the employees and... feel free to make suggestions to management. Success is guaranteed! This system will definitely work!

What is especially important about it? It is considered very important to divide the motivational system into motives (what motivates) and antimotives (what repels). Practice shows that the point of improving the incentive system is to “improve against anti-motives.” Therefore, the most important tool is to obtain information about antimotives. For a person, it is much more important not to enhance the advantages, but to level out or even eliminate the disadvantages. It's more effective tool, giving a powerful positive effect. Hence the new rule.

Rule eight (last): when improving the incentive system, focus on eliminating anti-motives and anti-incentives, as a more effective way to increase the effectiveness of the incentive system.

The question often arises: is it possible in practice to achieve a state where the line between incentives and motives is erased and, accordingly, the incentive system is equal to the motivation system? Yes, it's possible. This is an ideal case, and in some small enterprises, where people are more open in their level of motivation and management is interested in improving performance, it is possible to achieve such equality. Thus, for small businesses this topic is especially relevant and in demand.

This equilibrium state is usually disrupted by the so-called positive dynamics of individual motivation (growth of motivation), which is influenced by a variety of factors, the most significant of which are changes in the personal life of the employee - marriage, marriage, the birth of a child, the need to improve living conditions, etc.

Personnel management based on motivation measurement results

Measuring the level of motivation and evaluating the incentive system allows you to take a fresh look at your employees. As we already said, everyone is different. But the same person behaves differently on different jobs. It’s just that one job, as they say, is a thrill for him, and the other is a knife to the throat. At one job, incentives are somehow consistent with his internal motives, but at another - not. And employers also evaluate their employees differently.

In general, every person has internal scales (see the diagram below), on which he, as it were, weighs, on the one hand, motives and incentives (positive), and on the other, antimotives and anti-incentives (negative). And depending on what outweighs, he behaves at work. This is how the employer evaluates him as an employee.

Moreover, depending on the ratio of motives - antimotives (M and AM) and incentives - anti-incentives (C and AC), we can mentally divide workers into the following categories:

An ideal employee whose motives and incentives significantly outweigh anti-motives and anti-incentives;

A good employee whose motives and incentives simply outweigh the anti-motives and anti-incentives;

The average worker, whose motives and incentives are balanced by anti-motives and anti-incentives;

A bad employee whose anti-motives and anti-incentives already outweigh his motives and incentives;

A worthless employee whose anti-motives and anti-incentives significantly outweigh his motives and incentives.

All these situations are discussed in detail in the diagram below. The results obtained in this way can actually be used for personnel management.

Suppose that an employee’s dissatisfaction with incentives, due to the accumulated preponderance of antimotives over motives, crosses some psychological line. The employee begins to search, finds and eventually moves to a new place of work, where his motivational balance (as he hopes) will be different: motives will “outweigh” anti-motives and, accordingly, incentives - anti-incentives. However, if you do not bring the matter to the “boiling point”, when a reverse move is no longer possible, then this situation can be calculated as a result of regular measurements of the level of motivation and certain measures can be proactively taken to correct it. Namely, you need to think about incentives in order to neutralize antimotives and anti-incentives. Naturally, provided that this is a valuable employee that the employer needs. But you can do the opposite. For an unvalued employee, you can tighten the system of incentives, and then he will leave on his own, making the procedure for his dismissal easier.

Thus, thanks to changes in the stimulation system, a person can be “moved” along the given table both from right to left and from left to right. In the first case, we meet the employee halfway and increase his level of motivation, in the second, on the contrary, we lower it.

Examples of processing the results of motivation analysis

Conducting practical consulting or training seminars at enterprises from Regul-Consult LLC, we not only teach people new approaches, but also identify their problems and, as a first approximation, create programs to solve the identified problems.

a) at a large business enterprise (let’s call it PKB) and

b) at a medium-sized enterprise (let's call it PSB).

Both enterprises are quite typical for Russia.

1. At the PKB enterprise, an analysis of the level of motivation of participants in the training seminar was carried out according to nine motivational factors. The level of motivation was assessed on a 9-point scale, where 1 is the lowest score (low level), and 9 is the highest score (high level). 30 people took part in the diagnostics, which is approximately a third of the total number of this category of workers. Therefore, the results obtained can be considered representative.

Calculation of the arithmetic average values ​​of the ratings showed the following picture (factors are arranged in descending order of ratings). See table below.

As we can see, in first place in terms of group motivation was interest in the content of the work being performed, and wages, contrary to all expectations, came in last place. Here's the schedule!

I think that the results obtained are not at all an exception. And this is understandable. What is important for a person, first of all, is interesting work, the prospects of the enterprise, the possibility of self-realization, and payment and working conditions are secondary. The prevailing myth that money solves everything is indeed a myth. For real “bonding” of an employee, money is not in the first place. That's why people rush from place to place. Well, tell me, what’s the interest in standing behind the counter? What kind of self-realization is that? They go there (behind the counter) out of despair, because there is virtually nowhere else to go, because they need to live on something and feed their family. But they leave just as quickly. Looking for something more interesting. They are looking for opportunities for self-realization. This is something that employers need to take into account. Make work interesting. Add beauty to her. Select people for whom this job is most suitable in terms of motivation. Well, where it is impossible to take this into account, you have to come to terms with enormous turnover. For these enterprises and categories of workers, such turnover is the norm.

As for anti-motives, the leading anti-motives - anti-stimuli of listeners at the PKB enterprise are:

1) “heavy style” of senior managers;

2) large overtime, when the working day reaches 10 - 12 hours or more;

3) high level of responsibility with great complexity of work.

These antimotives themselves suggest where to direct efforts to neutralize them.

2. At the PSB enterprise, an assessment of the incentive system was made, during which two main problems were identified. Let's look at each one separately.

A. The first painful problem is ineffective incentives for staff.

The arithmetic mean assessments of the methods of the incentive system at the enterprise are as follows (on a 5-point rating scale):

Methods of material incentives - 3.2;

Social package - 3.5;

Methods of moral stimulation - 1.3.

Thus, the total arithmetic mean score of the entire incentive system is 8.0 with a maximum possible score of 15 points. If converted into percentages, the incentive system satisfies employees by 53%, that is, approximately half. Do you think this is enough to work effectively? Obviously not. Therefore, participants were asked to give proposals for improving the incentive system, which would personally allow them to radically level out anti-motives and anti-incentives. The participants' proposals were distributed as follows (arranged by frequency of repetition).

To improve methods of material incentives:

1) introduction of additional payment for length of service at the enterprise (15 people);

2) use of a bonus system based on the results of work for the year (12 people);

3) changing the existing bonus system (8 people);

4) transition to the formula wages: basic salary(guaranteed) plus a variable bonus part for individual and/or group (by department) performance results, with the majority of the first part (6 people);

5) the opportunity to purchase shares of the enterprise (4 people).

To improve the social package:

1) provision of interest-free or low-interest loans (14 people);

2) additional payment for a healthy lifestyle (12 people);

3) payment for sanatorium-resort treatment (12 people);

4) payment for use mobile phone(4 people);

5) compensation for the use of a personal car in official purposes(4 people).

Special note on social package- at the enterprise, this package includes 26 methods, but a small part (2 - 3 methods) reaches a specific employee, that is, this package is mainly intended for top managers, and for line personnel it is declarative in nature. Therefore, there is a need to make the methods of this package more accessible to everyone, which can improve their effectiveness.

To improve methods of moral stimulation:

1) announcement of gratitude in various public forms - in an order, at a meeting, in the factory seal, etc. (16 people);

2) rewarding with a valuable gift (7 people);

3) delivery certificate of honor(4 people);

4) “menu method” or the employee’s choice of incentive method from the proposed list (3 people);

5) personalized incentives (2 people).

The general organizational and technical proposal is to completely personalize the methods of the social package and moral incentives. For this purpose, it is proposed to maintain a personal “Incentive Dossier” for each employee, which will record all the methods of the social package and moral incentives applied to him, as well as outline (plan) new methods. Maintaining such files will allow you to have and use summary statistics on the social package and moral incentives by department and the enterprise as a whole.

B. The second painful problem is the high staff turnover.

This problem is complex and, according to the participants, is primarily due to two groups of factors - personnel and organizational.

Among the personnel factors, the participants identified:

1) a “frozen” incentive system that does not meet current realities;

2) depreciation of personnel for a number of reasons;

4) the need to increase the level of training of main production personnel;

5) imperfection of personnel selection technology.

Among the organizational factors, the participants identified:

1) overly centralized operational decision-making in relation to the management of production units;

2) undeveloped procedures for interaction between various departments in the process of performing their tasks;

3) overload of department heads with tasks and responsibilities, as well as the practice of “endless” adjustments;

4) incomplete compatibility of planned indicators with the requirements for the quality of manufactured products;

5) excessive limitation of materials used in the production process.

According to the seminar participants, the most effective measures to reduce staff turnover at an enterprise are the following.

Firstly, development and practical implementation personnel policy, which would include: goals and objectives of personnel development; improving the incentive system; social programs; improving working conditions and increasing the qualifications of personnel.

Secondly, rationalization of the system and processes of in-plant management to increase its efficiency, personal responsibility, as well as improve interaction between departments.

Thirdly, the development and use of a special program to increase the interest of young professionals in long-term labor activity at the enterprise and counteracting the "luring" of personnel.

Fourth, the development and adoption of the Enterprise Code of Ethics. Introduction to the staff of a psychologist.

Fifthly, improving working and living conditions by creating more comfortable areas in the workplace, as well as using modern means personal protection.

Sixth, training for managers at all levels and specialists on the problems of motivating and stimulating personnel, including diagnosing the current state and identifying measures to improve methods of stimulating personnel.

In fact, this is the “skeleton” of a ready-made program for developing motivation and improving the incentive system for PSBs. As we can see, having understood and assessed the motivation of staff, you can correctly approach the construction of an effective system for stimulating them.

N.A. Zhdankin

Signed for seal

• Motivation, Incentives and Remuneration

Keywords:

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