What do you need for breeding trout. Business idea: trout breeding. How much money do you need to start a business

In any fish restaurant, there will definitely be a trout dish on the menu. The meat of this fish is not only tasty, but also dietary. Having studied the same menu, you will be convinced that eating fish of the salmon family is not a cheap pleasure. So why not farm trout? Firstly, you can delight your family with fresh and tasty fish. Secondly, build a successful business on it.

Speaking of trout

In total, there are 20 species of trout, but most often 2 species are bred in our climatic conditions:

pied(stream),
iridescent; several highly productive subspecies are popular: deep-sea Canadian camloops and Donaldson trout, their growth rates are 2 times higher, and their fertility is 30% higher.

Both species are predatory, which affects their diet: beetles, dragonflies, frogs, small varieties of fish (verkhovka, ide, minnow).

What is good rainbow trout

This fish is native to North America. The fish are accustomed to cold water, however, in warm-water ponds, their rapid growth is observed. The optimum water temperature for breeding is 16 - 18 degrees.

Growth can be characterized by the following figures:

up to a year, the mass of fry does not exceed 30 g,
weight of one-year-old fish - from 100 to 125 g,
weight of 2-year-olds - from 200 g.

Sexual maturity occurs at 2-3 years of age. During puberty, males clearly have a wide iridescent stripe. Young females are able to produce about 800 eggs, adults - about 3000 eggs.

Features of brook trout

The average life expectancy of this species is 12 years, the maximum weight that an adult can reach is 12 kg. Growth rates depend on trout farming technology and conditions. The most common growth indicators in pond farming are:

weight of one-year-old fish - from 20 to 25 g,
weight of 2-year-olds - from 130 to 170 g.
By the age of 3, the fish grows up to 500 g.

The fish reaches sexual maturity at 3-4 years of age. Fertility of river trout: from 200 to 1500 eggs (the number is affected by the weight of the female). The diameter of orange eggs does not exceed 7 mm.

The incubation period depends on the water temperature:

up to 200 days at a temperature of about 2 degrees,
up to 65 days at a temperature of about 8 degrees.

Brook trout grows worse than rainbow trout, but joint breeding of both species is often practiced. So, incubation of brook caviar occurs in autumn, and rainbow caviar - in spring.

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Where to breed

Having decided to start breeding trout at home, you need to clearly decide where the fish will be kept, there may be several options:

1. Breeding trout in ponds

When creating an artificial reservoir, you can use clay. The pond should be filled with fresh water, but ideally a supply of fresh artesian water should be provided. A necessary point is the organization of the flow of "old" water. To do this, you can use treatment systems or initially design special sewage wells. It is difficult to control the temperature of the water, and in fact for the successful growth of fish it is necessary not to allow the temperature to drop below 1.5 ° C.

2. Breeding trout in salt water

The difference from the previous version is that salt water is used. It is recommended to gradually switch to sea water. In fish in such water, the metabolism in sea water increases, therefore, growth rates are accelerated.

3. Breeding trout in pools

To save yourself from building a trout pond at home, you can purchase a special pool (most often made of polypropylene). With it, it is easy to ensure the circulation of water and saturation with oxygen.

About difficult spawning in captivity

Trout will not breed on their own in captivity, so they will have to deal with artificial insemination. It can go according to the following scheme:

during the spawning period, the best mature producers are selected, placed separately;
when the female caviar is ripe, it must be separated, for this the female is wrapped in a clean linen and the caviar is carefully squeezed into a clean container;
then strain the sperm onto the caviar, gently stirring it (a bird feather is suitable for this);
add a small amount of water;
leave the eggs alone for 5 minutes, during which time fertilization should occur.

It is necessary to take into account that if the eggs are removed from immature females, the percentage of fertilized eggs will be low.

When trout breeding is carried out on a large scale, for a more comfortable collection of eggs from females, selected spawners are given anesthesia. It is also practiced to use various stimulating solutions to increase the proportion of fertilized eggs, for example, Hamor's solution.

Of course, fish farming is a complex industry, but if you delve into all the nuances, you can successfully grow both and.

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Watch an interesting video about trout breeding in a fish farm

Today, trout farming is a promising and profitable occupation. This is facilitated by the increased consumer demand for this valuable type of fish. In addition, trout fishing on paid ponds is gradually gaining popularity. More and more anglers prefer this kind of fishing, because the probability of catching a trophy is high and the emotions from this are remembered for a long time.

In order for trout breeding to bring a stable profit, it is necessary to approach this process correctly. Today, many fish farms are engaged in the cultivation of two types of this fish:

stream;
iridescent.

Both species grow quite quickly, are not too demanding on the conditions of detention, they can be easily provided with the necessary food, and the technology of artificial insemination of eggs can be used.

Brook trout or pied trout are less common in fisheries. It is more demanding on the quality and temperature of water, grows more slowly. More often this species is bred on paid fishing ponds to enable fishermen to catch this particular beautiful predator.

Rainbow trout are of much greater interest because they:

growing faster;
unpretentious to feed;
feels good in relatively warm water.

The average size to which trout is grown in our fish farms is 2–3 kg. These are already sexually mature individuals capable of producing offspring.

Basic requirements for conditions

Successful trout farming depends on meeting and meeting the minimum requirements for conditions:

The allowable water temperature for trout ranges from 3–24 degrees, but it is advisable not to allow warming up above 20, as the fish becomes lethargic, eats poorly and grows slowly.
The water must be clear and clean with a minimum oxygen content of 10 mg/l.
For rapid growth, fish should be provided with a food base, which must necessarily include proteins, vitamins, fats, amino acids and mineral salts. The presence of astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, is required so that trout meat has a pleasant red color.

Under these conditions, on average, over four years, trout grows up to 2 kg.

Breeding methods

Trout can be farmed in a variety of ways. It depends directly on the type of reservoir and its location. Today, the most common breeding options are:

ponds;
installations of closed water supply - RAS;
pools;
cages.

For maximum results, experienced breeders use combined methods. Most often, large individuals are kept in spacious parts of the reservoir, small ones are grown in cages, and caviar and planting material are kept in special small trays and containers.

Breeding in ponds

Perhaps the easiest way to grow trout is in a closed pond. Here it is easy to take care of the fish and maintain the necessary conditions. However, in ponds it is impossible to naturally obtain offspring. You have to resort to artificial fertilization of eggs.

A fish pond farm specializing in trout farming is a whole complex of reservoirs that have different purposes:

Production ponds, consisting of feeding, nursery, mother, wintering, fry.
Sanitary-prophylactic and quarantine reservoirs.
Ancillary.
Water supply - heating, settling and head.

Trout breeding is most acceptable in ponds created on cold springs or streams, which constantly feed the reservoirs with fresh water. This allows you to maintain the optimum temperature all year round.

Breeding in cages

This method is used in large reservoirs. They are equipped with special cages, where trout is grown. They have various design differences and features:

In reservoirs with relatively warm water, it is customary to use automated cages with an area of up to 100 cubic meters. meters. They are installed at a depth of about 5 meters. Can be placed at a distance from the coast up to 100 meters. In the presence of a flow, it is advisable to reduce the volume of the structure to 40 cubic meters. meters.
In cold reservoirs, pontoon, sectional or stationary cages with a volume of up to 100 cubic meters are installed. meters. Distance from the coast usually does not exceed 15 meters.
In sea water, automated, less often stationary, cages with a volume of up to 60 cubic meters are used. meters. The distance from the coast can be any.

All options, with proper installation and further maintenance, allow you to grow a good stock of trout at minimal cost.

RAS: features and nuances

The recirculating water plant is a closed system in which it is possible to provide the most optimal environment for the development and reproduction of trout.

The organization of breeding in RAS is more difficult than in ponds or cages, but it subsequently pays off in full.

The main elements of RAS that provide the necessary conditions for trout are:

Special tanks and containers for keeping fish stock.
Circulation pumps that provide periodic cleaning and enrichment of water with oxygen.
Oxygen generator.
A special ozonation plant is used to disinfect water.
Drum mechanical filters that require periodic replacement.
Adder pool.

In addition, some additional equipment is still needed to organize RAS.

So, the trout is placed in a pool, where, with the help of various devices, optimal conditions for life are created for it. The water is regularly filtered and purified, the desired temperature is maintained. In other words, natural conditions are completely imitated. Therefore, the fish grows quickly and does not get sick.

What to feed trout

For high-quality breeding of trout, expensive feeds are needed, which necessarily contain astaxanthin. To feed the fry, which is 15 days old, use the RGT-6M supplement.

Then the underyearlings are transferred to the RGT-8M feed and all sorts of pasty baits. You can also add earthworms, fish oil, fodder yeast, flour to the diet.

Adult commercial trout are fed 4 times a day. At the same time, it is recommended to reduce the content of protein and products of natural origin. The amount of carbohydrates and vegetable fats received by fish should be increased.

It is rather difficult to build on trout breeding, and given the high risks in this branch of agriculture, it is better not to start this type of business for a beginner.

Trout farming is a highly intensive and highly profitable fish farming industry. This is due to the possibility of obtaining a large number of valuable fish from a relatively small area of water bodies and the high price of the finished product. But in order to succeed in pisciculture and regularly receive high profits, a carefully crafted business plan for breeding trout is necessary. The best solution at the start would be to find a highly qualified fish farmer with experience in trout breeding. With it, you can prepare the most perfect trout farming business plan, taking into account your investment, trout breeding method and other details.

We will touch on the main aspects of this business so that everyone can understand what tasks need to be solved in the trout farming business, namely, we will find out the main methods of trout farming and feeding technology.

Trout classification.

It is quite difficult to clearly classify trout, since the same species can have an unequal color, i.e. be slightly lighter or darker, have characteristic spots and stripes or not, and even the color of the meat can vary from almost white to reddish. The reasons for such differences are water quality, type of food, environmental temperature, habitat, season. In order to avoid confusion, experts determine the species affiliation of the trout by definitely located scales, the number of rays on the ventral, dorsal, anal and pectoral fins, and other characteristic, unchanging features.

In our country, the most popular breeding of two types of trout - rainbow and brook (trout). There are several reasons for this:

Minimum content requirements when compared with other salmon;

Excellent taste of the finished product (meat, caviar);

Feed availability;

Developed to the smallest detail and successfully, repeatedly tested breeding system of these species.

General information about rainbow and brook trout:

Family - salmon.

Type - cold-loving.

The optimum temperature for life is +17°C.

Permissible temperature is from +3 to +24°C, but already at +20°C the fish becomes lethargic and oppressed, the fastest growth is observed at t +5/+6°C.

Preferences - clear, clean water with an O2 (oxygen) content of about 10 mg / l.

Ability to adapt to water salinity depending on age: - individuals from 2 years old - up to 35 g / l (the indicator is similar to sea water); – yearlings – up to 25 g/l; – fry – 8 g/l; – underyearlings – up to 14 g/l.

Spawning is from December to the end of May.

The onset of puberty occurs in 2-3 years.

Trout farming methods.

The way trout are farmed depends on the type and location of the water body. Today, trout farming uses:

Pools;

RAS - installation of closed (without make-up) water supply.

To increase the yield of marketable products, combined methods are widely used, for example, planting material and eggs are obtained in special containers (trays), juveniles and adults are grown in cages, while large fish are kept in specially designated and isolated areas of the reservoir. Depending on the chosen type of reservoir, trout can be found in both fresh and salt water. By the way, growing salmon in sea water is a very promising direction - salt water stimulates an increase in natural metabolism, due to which the fish absorbs the trace elements necessary for life and development that stimulate the enzymatic system much better, which ultimately significantly accelerates the growth of juveniles.

The most promising and cost-effective ways of breeding trout.

1. Breeding trout in cages.

Trout cages vary considerably in design, location, volume, installation (depth, distance from shore) and maintenance.

Trout cages.

For reservoirs with warm water, it is recommended to use: - without flow - automated (PARS) cages, with a volume of not more than 100 m³, installation depth from 5 m, possible distance from the shore up to 100 m. 40 m³, depth from 4 m, distance from the shore up to 15 m.

For reservoirs with cold water: - northern lakes - stationary, pontoon or sectional cages, installed in sections or on overpasses, volume should not exceed 100 m³, depth from 4 m, distance from the coastline up to 15 m; – cooling ponds – cages of pontoon, sectional or stationary type, up to 40 m³ in volume, depth from 4 m, distance from the shore 11–15 m, installed in sections or on overpasses; - ponds fed from springs and springs - only stationary structures placed on overpasses, their volume should not exceed 7 m³, distance no more than 15 m, depth up to 3 m.

For reservoirs with sea water, pontoon and automated cages are used, as a rule, their volume does not exceed 60 m³, there are no restrictions on distance from the coastline, the depth is 5 m. climatic and weather conditions. For growing fish in marine cages, various bays and bays are most suitable, protected from strong tides, waves and winds.

2. Breeding trout in the pond.

Ponds - the main feature of growing salmon in a pond is the impossibility of obtaining offspring (roe) in a natural way. In this regard, artificial insemination is used, in which the eggs from the female and the seed from the males are forcibly removed and carefully mixed in a semi-dry or dry method. As a rule, fertilization of eggs occurs within 7 minutes. Then it is transferred to incubators for ripening.

Trout ponds are divided according to their purpose:

1. Water supply - heating, settling ponds and head ponds.

2. Production - fry, broodstock, rearing, feeding and wintering.

3. Ancillary - pond-cage.

4. Quarantine or sanitary-prophylactic.

characteristics of the ponds.

Ponds Area (ha) Water exchange p/s/ha Trout stocking density per 1 m2

Nursery 0.32–0.6 11–15 55–60

Feeding 0.3 0.7 100

Royal 0.2 11–15 3–5

Repair 0.3 11–15 9–10

Quarantine 0.03–0.25 0.6–14 no more than 3

Growing trout in a pond built on cold springs or on a stream fed by springs would be the ideal solution. In this case, the flowing pond for breeding trout is cooled by cold spring water in summer, as it is known that high water temperatures - more than 20 ° C - are detrimental to trout.

3. Breeding of trout in RAS.

Recirculating water supply systems are successfully used for industrial breeding and cultivation of aquatic organisms (organisms living, growing or reproducing in water). RAS is a closed type system that provides the best environment for the development, reproduction and growth of fish. Its fundamental feature is the circular movement of water masses between all elements of the system. Each part of this system ensures the maintenance of the parameters necessary for the life support of hydrobionts, within predetermined limits. Breeding trout in RAS allows you to fully control the life and development of trout, creating ideal conditions for maximum growth of the fish. The main disadvantage of this method of breeding trout is the high cost of equipment.

Main elements of RAS for trout breeding:

1. Tanks, pools and tanks for keeping trout.

2. Circulation pumps for timely water purification and natural enrichment with oxygen, as well as removal of waste products.

3. Installation of ozonation for disinfection of water masses.

4. Oxygen generator.

5. Drum mechanical filter.

6. Pool adder.

7. Accessories.

Trout growth rate.

Of course, the growth rate of trout and weight gain depends on many factors, such as water temperature, quality and quantity of feed, oxygen level, etc. Despite all this, there are average growth rates adopted in fish farms:

1st year - up to 25 gr.;

2nd year - up to 0.5 kg;

3rd year - more than 1 kg .;

4th year - up to 2 kg.

Trout food.

The most important criteria for feeding trout are usefulness and timeliness. The feed base should include: proteins (or protein), fats, amino acids, min. salts, vitamins, etc. For trout, expensive special feeds containing the carotenoid astaxanthin are needed so that the color of the meat is red. Raising earthworms can provide food for fish, but trout meat on such a diet will be white.

Planting material and larvae.

After the larvae have risen to the surface of the water, after an average of 15 days, it is necessary to start feeding them. For this are used:

1. Extract from beef spleen.

2. RGT-6M - starter dry food, which includes: krill and fish meal, cake, meal, grain, various fats, etc. The size of its granules, when feeding larvae, should not exceed 0.3 mm. As soon as all the larvae hatch from the eggs and are afloat, the diameter of the grains can be increased to 0.5 mm. Feeding frequency up to 12 times a day.

Trout fry.

Feeding of fry is carried out with RGM-6M granules and minced spleen, proportion 1x3. Diet - 8-9 times a day. When using granular feed for fry, it should be taken into account that the diameter of the granules must be selected within the range of 0.25–0.7 mm. The volume of food is 70–90 g per 1 thousand individuals.

Young trout. For feeding underyearlings, feeds of the RGM-8M type (granules ranging in size from 0.4 to 2.3 mm) and paste-like baits are used, which are prepared from a premix, fodder yeast, fish oil, flour (rye and fish) and beef spleen. The mass of each ingredient is calculated individually, based on the weight of the juveniles. The ratio of pasty food to pellets should be 1x4. Feeding 7 times a day.

Commercial fish.

When feeding adults, reduce the content of animal products (bone meal) and protein, at the same time increase the amount of carbohydrates and vegetable fats, without reducing the usefulness of the diet. This is due to age-related changes, including the intensity of metabolism. Feeding is done no more than 4 times a day.

Manufacturers offer a huge number of production granulated feeds: RGM-5V, 114-Latlg, Aller, LK-5, RGM-8M, etc., from which each owner of the fish farm can choose exactly what suits him best.

More and more fish lovers want to breed trout at home. Its value in the market is very high, and the demand is maintained all year round. Trout buyers are restaurant owners and simply lovers of delicious, delicious fish. Successful entrepreneurs have managed to build a thriving business in the sale of products, as the demand for trout is only increasing every year. Breeding trout at home for beginners is a hot topic, which you can figure out on the page of our website.

Everyone can grow trout on their own in a pond

Gourmets know how tasty, healthy, but at the same time expensive trout is. Not everyone can catch fish in natural conditions, and if you do this, then you need a lot of time and expensive equipment. You can fix the situation by buying fish in the store. However, it can be grown independently in a pond, directly at home. At first glance, this may seem like an incredible idea. But this is an erroneous opinion.

According to the reviews of trout breeders, it is a profitable and quickly paid off occupation. It is difficult for beginners only in the first few years, as you need to be patient and learn a lot of new information. With experience, growing trout at home begins to bring real pleasure, as it is quite an exciting experience. On the territory of our country, two types of trout are grown at home:

Stream fish in natural conditions lives in cold mountain rivers, which later flow into the sea. With proper breeding, one individual in the 3rd year of life reaches 500 gr. However, it can take several years for the fish to grow to this size. For the first 3 years, trout in an artificial reservoir will not spawn. In the 4th year, spawning will begin in autumn, which will lead to a significant increase in the number of fish in the pond.

Breeding rainbow trout is more difficult, as it requires capturing females, squeezing the eggs, and manually fertilizing them to breed. This process is quite complex and requires careful handling of the fish. For those who do not have the skills to fertilize trout, it is recommended to buy fry and launch them into the reservoir for further rearing.

Pictured is a brook trout

For breeding trout at home use:

Reservoirs: artificial or natural.
Cages are frames of various sizes that float in a pond, but are anchored. Up to 100 fish per square meter are grown in the cage. meter. You can place the garden in any body of water.
Pools. They are made for breeding fish from propylene. It is important to ensure constant circulation of water in it and active saturation with oxygen.

Breeding trout in a pond: equipment, video

Trout feel comfortable in fresh water, the temperature of which is about +17 degrees. The depth of the pool should be about 2 meters. Artificial reservoirs and pools for trout should be equipped with such devices, namely:

gas generator to saturate water with oxygen and ozone;
pump to ensure constant circulation of water;
cleaning filters;
hourly feed system.

Given the high cost of equipment, many resort to cage farming of trout. This method requires minimal financial investment, but without round-the-clock protection of the trout cage, it is simply impossible to do.

Good evening, regular readers! We are returning to the difficult field of activity related to the production and sale of food products. I would like to describe the breeding of trout, which has become popular in recent years. Demand for redfish has been high for decades, so don't worry about a lack of buyers.

Trout is a fish with a high fat content and a pleasant taste. It is included in the menu of almost all major restaurants and attracts the attention of private buyers. It is in a live form that it is purchased in hundreds of kilograms, so its breeding remains a useful business idea. It's time to figure out the correct organization of the enterprise to obtain a stable income.

Step-by-step organization of trout breeding

Breeding trout at home is a difficult task that requires special attention. This is no ordinary fishing, when you just have to go to the pond and then sell the catch. A stable and large income is possible only on the condition of huge volumes, which makes it necessary to gradually prepare for the first deliveries.

The first step is paperwork. Only after receiving the LLC documents, you can start breeding. Otherwise, the sale of food products will become impossible. The reason for this is the obligatory receipt of certificates and a license, which is granted only to large enterprises.
Step two is finding a suitable location. A water body must be properly organized in order to obtain maximum profit. Growing fish is carried out in a closed area, so an artificial pond is an ideal option. To do this, it is enough to purchase a large plot of land in the suburbs and make a foundation pit. The total cost of creating your own pond will be 250-500 thousand. They depend on the final area and scope of sales.
The third stage is the search for employees. If you are going to organize your own fish farm, you need to take recruitment seriously. It will take professionals who are ready to follow all the rules. Otherwise, the livestock will not increase, and the investment will not justify itself. Initial costs can be limited to 2-3 employees with a total salary of about 70 thousand rubles.
Stage four - the purchase of individuals. The initial purchase is the main moment for a beginner. He must know for sure that the trout begins to spawn only for 2-3 years of life. When buying young individuals, one has to face a long wait. In practice, this translates into huge financial losses, since red fish require special food and in large quantities. We advise you to immediately go to a large fish farm to order suitable males and females.
Stage five - the purchase of feed. If you think that fish will always find food in your own pond, you are greatly mistaken. To ensure rapid growth and the appearance of offspring, an optimized diet will be required. It should be discussed with professionals, but you immediately need to find out that everything you need to store in dry form will not work. With this option is possible, and with fish you have to regularly contact the supplier.
The sixth stage is the sale of fish. The first sales will take place only six months later, when the weight reaches the maximum limit. The length of the trout ranges from 80 to 100 cm, so its sale gives a good profit. Let you have to be patient and regularly inject funds, future income will pay off all investments.

To whom to sell products when breeding trout?

Breeding trout in a pond is an interesting business, but we advise you to think about the best way to market the fish. At this point, mistakes often appear, leading to the loss of part of your own money. What options are currently available?

Sale to individuals;
Wholesale at retail outlets;
Collaboration with resellers.

Selling to individuals requires opening your own store or arranging complex courier delivery. From this point of view, the breeding of fresh fish is problematic. At the first stages of development, it is better to abandon this path.

Wholesale sales to retail outlets will require a long list of buyers, but in this case you can get good money for large trout. The owners of restaurants and shops are happy to pay for quality products, so cooperation with them becomes profitable. At first, this option remains ideal, although it requires extra time.

Cooperation with resellers allows you to instantly receive money, but the amounts are reduced several times. This method of selling remains unprofitable, so it is discarded by professionals. Although in certain situations you have to resort to it in order to replenish your own capital.

IMPORTANT! When choosing the best way to sell, you often have to combine several options in order to get the best income.

Initial investment and payback of a business idea

Trout farming is a business with big investments. The initial capital must be at least 600 thousand rubles, if you want to get good individuals and experienced employees. The first profit appears only after six months, so you have to invest new money, but the efficiency reaches colossal indicators.

Trout is one of the most expensive red fish, so you can get several thousand rubles for an adult fish. This suggests how profitable it is to take on such a business idea. In the future, it will give a constant profit, reaching 400%, so you can safely continue to develop and expand your own farm.

Instead of a conclusion

Trout farming is a rare business idea. Businesses like this are rare, so new entrepreneurs who want to work with food do not choose her. If there is an opportunity to invest decent money, you should think about this option. Subsequently, the investment will fully pay for itself, and then it will show why even ordinary fishermen spend a lot of time on the shore.