Questionnaire for an enterprise that produces yoghurts. Analysis of consumer preferences of yoghurts sold in Ulan-Ude. Development of a questionnaire for conducting a survey

Marketing research Activia brand yogurt

general characteristics

I conducted a marketing study of the Activia brand of fermented milk products. The study was based on the following imaginary market situation: demand fell, resulting in a reduction in sales of Activia brand yogurt, which required conducting marketing research in order to develop specific recommendations and tips for improving product sales.

For this purpose, one of the marketing research methods was chosen - a survey. The purpose of the survey is to identify customer preferences in terms of assortment and price. The questionnaire used both closed and open questions in order to obtain the most information. As a result of the survey, 22 people were interviewed. At the same time, various methods of obtaining information were used: personal survey - 77% (17 people), telephone survey - 14% (3 people) and Internet survey - 9% (2 people).

The survey was conducted using an objective stratified random sample. The selection of respondents was carried out on a random basis. The entire number of respondents surveyed was divided by age, gender and income level, with the majority of respondents being women. All questionnaires filled out by respondents are given in the Appendix.

Answers to questions 1-4 contain detailed information about the respondent’s personality, which allows you to segment the market by gender, age and other characteristics.

Questions 5-9 find out the tastes, preferences and habits of consumers consuming dairy products. They also determine the most important properties of dairy products, according to respondents (question 9).

Answers to question 8 provide information about the main competitors and respondents' preferences. Allows you to identify a leader and draw certain conclusions based on further work companies.

Questions 10-17 find out the attitude of buyers towards Activia brand products in general and their individual characteristics, provide information about the price barrier, product quality and usefulness. Question 17 allows the respondent to give recommendations and advice for the future successful functioning of the company.

Analysis of questionnaires

Let's analyze the results obtained for each question.

Question 1. What's your gender?

a) male b) female

Purpose of the question: to segment the market by gender. This question forms the basis of the sample: it was not known in advance how many men and women would be interviewed. The survey was based on the principle of randomness.

As a result, 41% of men and 59% of women (9 men and 13 women from different age categories) were surveyed, which made it possible to determine the difference in tastes and preferences of representatives of different sexes.

Question 2. Your age?

a) up to 20 years old c) from 31 to 40

b) from 21 to 30; d) from 41 and older

Purpose of the question: to segment the market based on age. This question forms the basis of the sample: it was not known in advance how many respondents of different ages would be interviewed. But as a result of the survey, all age categories of the population were interviewed.

This question allows us to determine the difference in tastes and preferences of representatives of different age groups.

Thus, it was asked:

1. Women:

· from 21 to 30 - 27% (6 people);

2. Men:

· up to 20 years (inclusive) - 14% (3 people);

· from 21 to 30 - 9% (2 people);

· from 31 to 40 - 9% (2 people);

· 41 and older - 9% (2 people).

The ratio of respondents of different age categories, men and women together, is shown in Diagram 1.

Diagram 1. Proportion of respondents of different age groups

Question 3. Your family size is:

a) 1-2 people. b) 3-4 people. c) 5 or more

The purpose of the question: to segment the market depending on the number of people living in a particular respondent’s family.

The family size of 18% of respondents (4 people) is 1-2 people and the same percentage are families with 5 or more people. The largest number of respondents have a family consisting of 3-4 people - 63% (14 people).

Diagram 2. Proportion of respondents with different family sizes

This question allows us to determine the difference in preferences of different groups, depending on the composition of the respondents’ family, and it also provides information about the possible volume of product consumption.

Question 4. Your average monthly income:

a) less than 5000 rub. b) over 5,000 to 10,000 rubles.

c) over 10,000 to 30,000 rubles. d) more than 30,000 rubles.

Purpose of the question: to segment the market depending on the income level of buyers.

The respondents have the following income levels:

· 27% (6 people) have an income of less than 5,000 rubles;

· 41% (9 people) - over 5,000 to 10,000 rubles;

· 27% (6 people) - over 10,000 to 30,000 rubles;

· 5% (1 person) - more than 30,000 rubles.

The ratio of respondents with different income levels is shown in Diagram 3.

Diagram 3. Proportion of respondents with different income levels

This question allows you to provide information about the respondent’s income and financial situation. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to determine the capabilities and abilities of the respondent to make a particular purchase, as well as the importance of price when choosing a product.

Question 5. How do you prefer to receive information about dairy?

a) visiting shops

Purpose of the question: identify sources of product data dairy production.

According to the survey results, 18% (4 people) of respondents receive information from promotions. An equal percentage of respondents answered that they learn about the product by visiting stores, as well as on radio and television - 36% each (8 people each). And only 9% (2 people) offered their own answer.

Diagram 4. Proportion of respondents by source of information.

Question 6. What types of dairy products do you prefer?

a) milk b) kefir

c) yogurt c) other________________________________

Purpose of the question: to segment the market of consumer preferences and tastes by type of dairy products.

As a result of the survey, the following data were obtained: milk is consumed by 55% (12 people) of respondents, kefir - 14% (3 people), yogurt - 50% (11 people) and 27% (6 people) wrote their own answer. The data exceeds 100%, since the majority of respondents chose several dairy products at once.

Diagram 6. Consumer preferences when purchasing dairy products

According to the survey, it is clear that a very small part of respondents consume kefir, only 14%. Based on these data, the Activia company should pay attention to the manufacture of this particular type of product in order to attract buyers. It may be necessary to improve the taste of the product, beneficial features, strengthen advertising and expand the range.

Question 7. How often do you eat yoghurt?

a) daily b) 3-5 times a week

c) 1-2 times a week d) never

Purpose of the question: to determine the frequency of consumption and needs of respondents in consuming dairy products.

As a result of the survey, the following data were obtained:

· daily - 23% (5 people);

· 3-5 times a week - 23% (5 people);

· 1-2 times a week -50% (11 people);

· never - 5% (1 person).

Diagram 5. Frequency of consumption of dairy products by respondents

Based on the data obtained, we can say that half of the respondents (50%) consume dairy products 1-2 times a week. And this is not very good for the development and profit of the company, since there is no special demand for dairy products. Therefore, the Activia company needs to develop strategies for the best promotion of its product and look for new methods of attracting customers.

Question 8. What is important to you when choosing yogurt?

Purpose of the question: to find out the most important properties of dairy products that the buyer relies on when choosing a product.

Let's display the survey data in the table:

Table 1

The correlation between the level of respondents regarding the importance of the properties of dairy products is shown in Diagram 7.

Diagram 7. Assessing the importance of dairy product qualities

To summarize we can say that:

1. Taste is the most important indicator when choosing a buyer of dairy products, as it is rated with the highest rating. And only a small part of consumers special attention does not pay attention to this property. It should be noted that not a single respondent gave the taste a negative rating.

2. Quality, like taste, according to the survey results, plays an important role when choosing a product. It is interesting that the answers in terms of taste and quality coincide in the number of percentage components.

3. Despite the current situation in the country, price is not the main factor when purchasing dairy products. The majority of respondents do not pay much attention to price. This means that Activia should not get too hung up on the price barrier.

4. Useful properties are in third place in importance when choosing products. This may be due to the fact that they are difficult to sense and cannot be verified, therefore, the beneficial properties are not as important when purchasing as the taste and quality of the product, according to respondents.

5. According to the survey results, packaging is not the main indicator. The majority of respondents gave a negative assessment to this factor.

Therefore, the Activia company should pay due attention to the taste, quality and beneficial properties of its products.

Question 9. Name 3-5 brands of yoghurt manufacturers that you prefer__________________________________________

The question is open.

The purpose of the question: to determine the clear leader of dairy products on the market, and therefore to know your competitor.

IN this issue respondents themselves suggested the brands of dairy products that they prefer. According to the survey results, the most common, well-known and most frequently consumed brand of dairy products is Danone (50% (10 people). Also, the most frequently used brands were the following companies: “Vkusnoteevo” - 41% (9 people), “Activia” - 41% (9 people), Ivan Poddubny - 23% (5 people) and others.

Based on this situation, the Activia company needs to pay attention to its products, since it lags slightly behind its competitor’s company. You should disseminate more information about your products, expand the range and introduce your own innovations, which will significantly increase the demand for the product. It is also necessary to monitor competing firms.

Question 10. What is your opinion about Activia brand products_______________________________________________________

Purpose of the question: to find out the respondents’ general understanding of the product and products of the Activia brand. The question is open.

Respondents gave different answers, the most common opinions being: normal - 36% (8 people), excellent - 27% (6 people), good - 23% (5 people). 14% are answers of other content.

In general, there were no negative opinions about the Ativia company, which is a positive factor. And it indicates that an increase in demand for a product depends only on further actions companies.

Question 11. What flavor of Activia brand yogurt do you prefer?

a) natural b) fruity

c) with cereals d) other___________________________

The purpose of the question: to determine the demand for a certain flavor of yogurt in connection with its constant choice by respondents, as well as to determine the preferences of respondents.

The survey results are as follows:

· natural - 18% (4 people);

· fruity - 50% (11 people);

· with cereals - 27% (6 people);

· other - 5% (1 person)

Diagram 8. Correlation of respondents by taste preference

From these data it follows that half of the respondents prefer fruity flavors of yogurt. Therefore, Activia should increase the productivity of fruit flavored yoghurts and pay more attention to other flavors in order to attract the buyer. In my opinion, Activia needs to develop a series of new flavors that will include exotic fruits, while giving good advertising and hold a number of yogurt tasting events. In my opinion, this will increase interest in this brand, both among buyers and competitors.

Tasteless ___________________________________ Delicious

Purpose of the question: to determine the assessment of taste, as well as the attitude of respondents towards Activia yogurt.

Activia yogurt was rated on a 10-point taste scale. The largest percentage of respondents gave a rating of 8 - 36% (8 people), 27% (6 people) rated yogurt at 5 points, 9% (2 people) rated it at 6 points, and only 14% (3 people) gave the highest score.

Based on the results of the survey, we can say that, in principle, the ratings were not bad, but still not the highest. Therefore, Activia needs to work on the taste properties and improve its product in order to increase the quality rating.

Question 13. Are you satisfied with the price of Activia yogurt?

a) yes b) no d) anyway

The purpose of the question: to find out the opinion of respondents about the price of Activia products, whether it is important when purchasing a product and whether it is worth paying due attention to it.

The survey revealed that 41% (9 people) do not pay enough attention to the price, and they do not care what the price of Activia yogurt is. But the percentage of those who are not satisfied with the price, which is 32% (7 people), is greater than the percentage of those who are absolutely satisfied with the price - 27% (6 people). This means that Activia sometimes needs to reduce prices for its products in order to attract more buyers. But, despite this, the survey result showed that it was not the price that caused the decrease in demand for the product.

Question 14. In your opinion, the most optimal price for Activia yogurt (400 ml) is within:

a) from 10 to 20 rubles. b) from 20 to 30 rubles.

c) from 30 to 40 rubles. d) your own version______________

Purpose of the question: to determine the scope of the desired price for buyers. And based on the data on the acceptable, from the buyer’s point of view, price of the product, calculate the average sampling error and the maximum values of the general average.

Table 2 Acceptable product price from the buyer’s point of view

1. First, I will calculate the average sampling error. To do this, I find the arithmetic mean of the series using the formula:

where is the average value of the studied indicator in the i-th interval;

Number of respondents in the i-th interval.

x = 15*11 + 25*11 + 0*35/ 22 = 165 + 275 + 0/22 = 20

The variance is calculated using the formula:

f = (15-20) 2 *11 + (25-20) 2 *11 + (35-20) 2 *0 / 22 = 275 + 275 / 22 = 25

During selection, the error of the sample mean is determined by the formula:

where n is the number (volume) of the sample.

µ = v25 / 22 = 1.07

2. Marginal sampling error is calculated as:

The values of t and P (the probability of making a particular error) are given in special tables, where P is considered as a function of t.

Let's find the limiting values of the general average with probability P=0.954. According to the table of values t=2, then

2 * 1,07 = 2,14

20 - 2.14 ? X? 20 + 2.14

17.86? X? 22.14

Thus, with probability P=0.954, the lower limit value of the average purchase amount is 17 rubles. 86 kopecks; and the top one - 22 rubles. 14 kopecks

Question 15. Do you agree with the expression that Activia brand yogurt has a beneficial effect on your body?

a) absolutely agree

b) find it difficult to answer

c) absolutely disagree

Purpose of the question: to determine the opinions and personal feelings of respondents regarding the presence of beneficial properties in Activia yogurt.

41% (9 people) absolutely agree with this expression. Largest number Of respondents, 59% (13 people) found it difficult to answer the question, and not a single person answered that they disagreed.

The data obtained may indicate that most consumers very rarely consume Activia yoghurts, so they find it difficult to answer or do not pay due attention to this. The company's goal is to maximize customer interest in the presence of beneficial properties not found in other brands of dairy products. Since, as mentioned above, the beneficial properties of dairy products occupy one of the main places when respondents purchase goods.

Question 16. If you are offered to participate in the “Activia - the health of your body” campaign. You:

a) of course, take advantage of this offer

b) perhaps you will take advantage of this offer

c) you may not take advantage of this offer

d) do not take advantage of this offer

Purpose of the question: to identify the trust of respondents and determine the level of interest in trademark"Activia".

The result of the survey was the following data:

· of course they will take advantage of this offer - 32% (7 people);

· will probably take advantage of this offer - 50% (10 people);

· may not take advantage of this offer - 14% (3 people);

· will not take advantage of this offer - 9% (2 people).

Diagram 9. Correlation of interest and trust in the company "Activia"

To summarize the data of this question, it should be noted that half of the respondents will probably participate in promotions conducted by the Activia company. This means that buyers do not have much interest in this product and they doubt the positive outcome of the promotion. The company's goal is to increase this interest in various ways, and not just by holding promotions, since judging by the survey they do not produce particularly good results.

Question 17. Your suggestions, advice and recommendations for the future prosperity of the company_______________________________________

Purpose of the question: to determine specific measures to improve products and increase demand, as well as the best promotion of the product on the market. The question is open.

· 23% (5 people) advise expanding the range and developing new flavors of yoghurts;

· 27% (6 people) of respondents abstained from the proposed question.

Having conducted marketing research on dairy products from the Activia company, I would like to make recommendations for promoting the products on the market.

1. The company must first of all pay great attention to the opinions and suggestions of consumers, i.e., take into account the recommendations listed above.

2. The company needs to increase demand for certain types of dairy products that are not in great demand among consumers in order to increase sales and increase profits.

3. It is also possible to introduce innovations and innovations. This could be either the development of new flavors or changing the shape of the packaging to increase interest and attract a new circle of customers.

4. I would also like to advise the Activia company to conduct more promotions related to the upcoming holidays, season changes, Special offers which will attract people of different ages (reduced prices, increased immunity, when purchasing 2 types of goods, the 3rd is provided for free).

1. The Activia company must first of all pay great attention to advertising. Since the majority of respondents know little about its products, therefore, they choose dairy products of those brands that they have heard most about. Based on this, low demand is expected.

2. It is recommended to reduce prices to the most acceptable ones, adhering to the maximum average purchase amount of 17.86? X? 22.14, and also taking into account the prices for similar dairy products, which are the leader in Voronezh precisely due to lower prices compared to other brands.

3. And also one of the most important tips is, expansion of the product range. This will significantly increase interest and demand for Activia products. It will allow you to get ahead of your competitors and switch the attention of consumers to your product.

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Development of a questionnaire for conducting a survey

To conduct a survey, it is necessary to develop a questionnaire. A questionnaire is a research tool for collecting primary data by survey, which is a formalized composition of questions to which the respondent must give answers.

96 people responded to the proposed questionnaire. Respondents answered to identify preferences regarding the products of the Danone brewing company.

Data obtained during interviews (as a percentage of the larger number of respondents interviewed)

1. Do you use yogurt?

3. Do you consume Danone yoghurts?

yes 73% no 27%

4. What brands of yoghurt do you prefer?

5. How do you rate Danone's products?


Quality

Design/packaging
Brand fame

6. How do you rate any other company's yogurts?

8. If your favorite varieties of yogurt are not available for sale nearby, you:
- a) will continue searching 12%
- b) I will choose another 47%
- c) temporarily refuse to purchase 25%
- d) other 16%
9. Purpose of purchase?
a) health, diet 36%
b) tasty 25%
c) convenient 26%
d) useful 10%
e) other 3%
10. Gender
a) woman 29%
b) man 71%
11. Age
a)10-35 years 32%
b)36-45 years 37%
c) over 46 years 31%
12. Monthly family income
a) up to 5000 rub. 29%
b) 5000-10000 rub. 22%
c) 10,000-15,000 rub. 19%
d) 15,000-20,000 rub. 23%
d) more than 20,000 rubles. 7%

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 50" Kaluga

Research

« All about yogurt»

prepared

Semyonova Valeria, student of 1st "A" class

scientific adviser

Kholina Elena Mikhailovna,

teacher primary classes

Kaluga

2014

Content

Introduction pp. 2 – 3

Chapter 1. Origin of the word “yogurt”. History of the creation of yogurt pp. 3 – 4

Chapter 2. What is yogurt and what are its benefits? pp. 4 – 6

Chapter 3. How is yogurt made and what are the advantages of natural yogurt? pp. 6 – 7

Chapter 4. Homemade yogurt recipe page 7

Conclusions pp. 7 – 8

References page 9

Applications pp. 10 – 15

Introduction

In an amazing product

There is milk and fruit

There are a few in it.

Who is he? Of course... (yogurt)

There is not a single person on Earth who cannot imagine their daily diet without yogurt. People consider yogurt not only a low-calorie and healthy product, but also a product that can quickly saturate the body. Therefore, due to its positive properties, yogurt is an ideal snack product.

In our work, we decided to understand and find answers to the following questions:

How did yogurt appear in our diet?

What are the benefits of yogurt and how is yogurt made;

Is it possible to make yogurt yourself at home?

We consider this topic relevant, since according to health data Russian Federation a large percentage of gastrointestinal tract morbidity (including indigestion, gastritis, gastroduodenitis) occurs among students in educational institutions.

Goal of the work: learn the whole truth about yogurt.

Problem: What are the benefits of yogurt for humans?

Tasks:

Learn the history and process of making yogurt.

Find out what are the benefits of yogurt for the human body.

Take a tour of the farm.

Get acquainted with the technology of making yogurt at home. Make the film “Making Yogurt Yourself.”

Conduct a survey in class and tell elementary school students about the benefits of yogurt.

Hypothesis: If you carry out explanatory work about the benefits of using yogurt for human health, the level of understanding of the role of healthy eating in human life will increase.

Object of study: healthy lifestyle. Preserve your health and the health of your loved ones - the main task for every person, and no one doubts that the leading role here belongs to food and nutrition.

Subject of study: yogurt.

Research methods:

Theoretical - comparative analysis information.

Practical – excursion, questioning, observation, practical work.

Chapter 1. Origin of the word “yogurt”. History of yogurt creation

The word "yogurt" is Turkish (tur: yoğurt), and means "thickened".

Each nation has its own name for yogurt - Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Azerbaijanis call it katyk and gatyk, Armenians - matsun, Egyptians - leben, Sicilians - metsorad. A similar name - matsoni - exists in the Georgian language.

There are many different legends about the creation of this miracle product. One of the legends says that yoghurts were invented by the ancient Turks, wanting to set their guardian angels in a peaceful mood. They called this tasty and healthy product “white oxygen.”

However, another version is most plausible. According to it, the predecessor of yogurt appeared in those distant times when ancient nomadic peoples traveled, transporting milk in goat skin skins. Bacteria got into the milk from the air; from the movement of the animals, the milk in the wineskins on their backs was constantly mixed and, fermenting in the heat, turned into a special product, which was the predecessor of modern yogurt.

Yogurt was first mentioned around 6000 BC. IN Ancient India people filtered milk through coarse homespun cloth and made it into an unusually tasty and healthy product, similar to yogurt.

And in Ancient Greece and in Rome, yogurt was an indispensable attribute of an elegant feast.

Yogurt came to medieval Europe from the Mongols and immediately became widespread there - and as a nutritious food product, and as an effective means of traditional medicine.

Fermented milk is also mentioned in chronicles Crusades, where the legend is told that the King of France Francis 1 owes his miraculous healing to a medicine based on yogurt and prescribed to him by a doctor from Constantinople.

The countries of the Balkan Peninsula, or rather ancient Thrace, are considered the birthplace of modern yogurt. According to one theory, the ancient Thracians were the first to produce a product resembling yogurt. They raised sheep and noticed that sour milk lasted longer than fresh milk, and they began to mix fresh milk with a starter made from sour milk, thereby obtaining the first yogurt.

The great Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov put forward his famous hypothesis in 1908, according to which the Bulgarian bacillus (contained in yogurt) can protect the body and even prolong its life. In addition, Mechnikov believed that it could not only have a beneficial effect on the entire body, but also significantly improve the situation with the digestive tract.

The product we know as “yogurt” was invented in Russia at the beginning of the last century. It was called “Mechnikovskaya curdled milk” (named after Ilya Mechnikov) and was prescribed to children. One “but”: the curdled milk was healthy, but almost tasteless. Over time, the technology for making yogurt went to the West, and in the late 1980s the product returned to us under a new name - “yogurt”.

The work of the Russian scientist inspired Isaac Karasu to found his own company selling yogurt in Western Europe. Karasu lived in the city of Thessaloniki, which is located in Greece. Since childhood, he was introduced to yogurt, which was sold right on the streets of the city in glass jars. He had to leave his homeland due to the fact that the first Balkan War began in 1912.

Thus, Isaac ended up in Barcelona. The first thing he did was change his last name. Now he began to be called Isaac Carasso. In Spain, he became acquainted with the works of Mechnikov, which made a huge impression on Carasso. He realized that a product so familiar to him was completely unknown to Europeans. This was an opportunity that had to be seized.

In 1919, Isaac founded the Danone company in honor of his son Daniel. It should be noted that Isaac was a doctor by profession. To some extent, this contributed to his decision to distribute yogurt through a chain of pharmacies as a medicine.

The product immediately began to be in quite good demand. Danone's main supplier was Mechnikov's laboratory at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. It was from there that the company received the famous Bulgarian stick and some other ingredients. When the leadership of the company passed to Daniel Carasso, he immediately made a number of significant changes in its structure. Thus, the Danone company has become for many a symbol of high-quality and extremely tasty yoghurts.

Chapter 2. What is yogurt?

In accordance with international standards, in order for a product to have the right to be called yogurt, it must meet three criteria:

1. The main ingredient of yogurt is milk.

2. The main production process is fermentation.

3. The main condition for fermentation is the direct participation of living microorganisms from the family of lactobacilli (Bulgarian bacillus) and Streptococcus thermophilus (thermophilic streptococcus).

It is allowed to add food additives, fruits, vegetables and their processed products to yogurt.

What are the benefits of yogurt?

1. Yogurt is digested better than milk.

2. By including yogurt in your diet, you help your body because:

Yogurt contains lactobacilli, which have a beneficial effect on intestinal function.

Yogurt is a valuable source of calcium.

Two cups of yogurt contain 450 mg of calcium. This is half the recommended daily calcium intake for a child and approximately 30-40% of the recommended daily intake for adults.

Yogurt helps improve the absorption of other nutrients.

3. Yogurt strengthens the immune system.

There is evidence that if a person eats two cups of yogurt daily, his body intensively produces interferon, which enhances immunity. The bacterial cultures found in yogurt stimulate white blood cells, which help fight infections.

4. Yogurt helps to recover from intestinal infections. It is also beneficial to eat yogurt if you are taking antibiotics because it minimizes the negative effects of this group of drugs on the intestinal lining.

5. Yogurt can suppress fungal infections.

Natural yogurt contains 10-14 grams of protein (two cups), which is 20% of the recommended daily intake for anyone.

7. Yogurt reduces the level of “bad” cholesterol. It is believed that including yogurt in the diet may affect cholesterol levels.

8. Yogurt is a “combination” product.

Two nutritional properties of yogurt support this notion. Firstly, it is easily absorbed by the body, and secondly, it improves the absorption of vitamins and microelements obtained from other products. This is why yogurt can be used as a sauce or replace sour cream..

Chapter 3. How yogurt is made

To answer this question, we went to a farm located in the Moscow region, Stupinsky district (ZAO Tatarinovo). (Annex 1).

Here we learned that:

all yoghurts are made from grade 1 cow's milk, but reconstituted milk can be used;

then the milk is normalized by fat;

Milk receives a “dose” of beneficial bacteria. Two microorganisms - Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus - are added to pasteurized milk. While the milk is still warm, bacteria convert the sugar into a special milky substance, which is what makes yogurt so delicious. It acts on proteins, forming a soft clot.

Subsequently, the stages of yoghurt production are different. In one case, after adding thickeners and beneficial bacteria, the yogurt is ripened and packaged under sterile conditions, and in the other case, after fermentation, a thickener and fruit and berry fillers are added to the yogurt, then it undergoes re-processing, which significantly increases its shelf life.

What are the benefits of natural yogurt?

When comparing the nutritional information on the packaging for natural yogurt and fruit yogurt (same volume), the former has the advantage. Because:

Natural yogurt is lower in calories.

Natural yogurt contains twice as much protein.

Natural yogurt is 2 times richer in calcium.

Natural yogurt does not contain sugar.

Even if natural yogurt may not be very tasty, it is still better to buy it. By adding, for example, your favorite fruits, you can completely eliminate yoghurts with added sweeteners from your diet.

Chilled yogurt- this is one product, but frozen is completely different. Frozen yoghurts, even those containing live bacterial cultures are not as beneficial. Lactobacilli are a sensitive substance, and they are unlikely to like the freezer.

We conducted a survey of students in our class, which showed that not all children understand the benefits of yogurt, how it is produced and whether it is possible to prepare yogurt at home. (Appendix 2) That's why we've prepared a reminder for kids about the benefits of yogurt. (Appendix 3), told them the history of the appearance of this interesting product and showed them the film “Cooking Yogurt at Home”

Chapter 4. Homemade yogurt recipe

We decided to make yogurt at home.

To make yogurt, take:

one liter of whole milk,

150 g of starter (Lactobacillus),

1 tablespoon sour cream (Streptococcus thermophilus)

Mix everything and pour into the multicooker bowl, turn on the “Yogurt” mode.

Be sure to put the finished yogurt in the refrigerator to stop the growth of bacteria. Otherwise, your homemade yogurt will turn sour.

You can serve ready-made yogurt with syrup, jam, fresh berries or fruit.

Natural homemade yogurt can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a week, ideally 4-5 days.

What are the benefits of homemade yogurt?

Homemade yogurt is full of live bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which populate the intestinal microflora, having a beneficial effect on the digestive system and immunity in general.

Yogurt has an antiallergic effect and helps the body cope with dysbiosis.

conclusions

As a result of our work, we learned:

history of yogurt;

origin of the word "yogurt";

visited a farm and learned how to make yogurt at home;

they made an interesting film “Making Yogurt at Home”;

learned and told the children about the beneficial properties of yogurt; prepared a memo.

Our hypothesis was confirmed. During the work carried out with the students of our class, many of them thought about the benefits of healthy eating for the body.

As a result of the observations and searches, a lot of useful information about yoghurts was revealed and the following conclusions were made:

Yogurt is, first of all, an excellent source of calcium, which is especially important for those people who do not like milk. Regular consumption of this product helps improve digestion and metabolism.

The components and enzymes contained in yogurt remove harmful substances and waste from the body and increase resistance to infections.

Yogurt is rich in proteins, mineral salts, enzymes and vitamins, even rare ones such as D and B12. Yogurt gives intestinal bacteria their favorite food - lactose. For those whose intestinal microflora has been destroyed by antibiotics, doctors recommend drinking yogurt to restore it.

Yogurt is a natural antibiotic. It is capable of destroying some types of amoebas and dangerous bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci and typhoid bacilli. If you add 2-3 tsp to the starter. natural juice, then the finished yogurt will acquire a pleasant fruity taste.

Next year I would like to continue working with yoghurts. Determine which yoghurts are best to buy in the store and how to choose the right yoghurts containing a large number of bifidobacteria. Find out whether all these bacteria are “alive” or no longer alive. To do this, using a special method, try to grow on special media, i.e. sow in Petri dishes and determine the number of lactic acid or bifidobacteria. Compile your own collection of culinary recipes that use yogurt.

Sources

Yogurt - Wikipedia. ru.wikipedia.org›Yogurt

MedicInform.net›human/humanis/human98.htm

Benefits of yogurt, beneficial properties of yogurt. beautyinfo.com.ua›m0c3i2060.html

Yogurt is a valuable dairy product. med2live.ru›yogurt.html

History of yogurt. mmenu.com›Articles›Products›228

Appendix 2

Questionnaire “What are the benefits of yogurt?”

Do you like yogurt?

Picture 1

Do you eat yogurt every day?

Figure 2

Do you know what “live” yogurt is?

Figure 3

Do you know how to choose the right yogurt?

Figure 4

Do you know the benefits of yogurt?

Figure 5

Does your family know how to make yogurt at home?

Figure 6

If you were a yogurt manufacturer, what would you add to it?

P amyatka

“What are the benefits of yogurt?”

Live yoghurt cultures have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

Yogurt - good source vitamins, especially B2 and B12, calcium and other minerals.

Yogurt strengthens the immune system.

Yogurt is a wonderful source of protein.

Homemade yogurt is tastier and healthier than store-bought yogurt.

Natural yogurt:

less calorie;

contains twice as much protein;

2 times richer in calcium;

does not contain sugar.

Appendix 4

Making yogurt at home

Homemade yogurt is truly a very tasty and healthy product and cannot be compared with store-bought ones.

To prepare it correctly, you need to pay attention to the following important points:

In unsterilized milk there are various fermented milk bacteria, which during the preparation process will compete with the Bulgarian bacillus (ferment) and turn the milk into curdled milk. Therefore, milk must be sterilized (i.e. boiled) before fermentation.

The ferment in milk must multiply at a certain and rather strict temperature of 36...40 degrees. If the temperature is lower, you will get a tasteless yogurt consistency. If the temperature is higher, ripening will not occur, or the process will be greatly delayed. Maintaining temperature is very important.

Yogurt takes about 5 hours to prepare. In this case, the milk turns into a homogeneous, dense mass, which, when the can is tilted, does not pour out, but falls out in large pieces. Sometimes you need to shake things up. The taste is neutral and almost non-acidic. If you like sour foods, you can increase the holding time.

After 5 hours, the yogurt is ready, but if the fermentation process is continued (36...40 degrees), then the acidity will gradually begin to increase. With a total exposure of 10 hours, you will get a sharply sour taste.

If you get good, homogeneous yogurt, you can put some of it in a clean jar in the refrigerator for sourdough.

From yogurt, incl. and unsuccessful, you can make the most tender and delicious cottage cheese. Omelet with yogurt is very tasty.