VKR project for organizing technical maintenance and repair of MTP at Selkhozkomplekt-Service LLC. Course work: Organization of MTP repair in workshops with the development of technology for repairing parts Modernization of the point and MTP with the development

Maintenance of rolling stock according to the frequency, list and labor intensity of the work performed is divided into:

daily maintenance (DM);

first maintenance (TO-1);

second maintenance (TO-2);

seasonal maintenance (MS).

Daily maintenance (DM) includes: checking of rolling stock arriving from the line and released onto the line, external maintenance and refueling operations. To check rolling stock in a motor transport enterprise, a control and technical point (CTS) is created with an inspection ditch and a set of necessary tools, devices and equipment. Checking the rolling stock is the responsibility of the driver and employees of the technical control department (QCD).

EO refueling operations - refueling cars, adding oil to the engine crankcase and adding coolant to the radiator are carried out by drivers at the expense of their working time, provided for by their work schedule. Refueling is usually done at gas stations using coupons, and oil and water are topped up at a motor transport company.

The timing of the SW is determined by the mileage of the rolling stock per working day.

The first maintenance (TO-1) includes control, fastening, adjustment and lubrication operations, performed, as a rule, without removing from the rolling stock or partial disassembling (opening) the serviced devices, components and mechanisms.

TO-1 is performed during the period of time between working shifts of rolling stock (during inter-shift time).

The second maintenance (TO-2) includes all operations of TO-1, carried out in an expanded scope, and, if necessary, the serviced devices, components and mechanisms are opened or removed from the rolling stock.

To carry out maintenance-2, rolling stock can be removed from service.

Maintenance of TO-1 and TO-2 is carried out after a certain mileage, set depending on the operating conditions of the rolling stock.

Seasonal maintenance (MS) is carried out 2 times a year. It is the preparation of rolling stock for operation in the cold and warm seasons, mainly combined with TO-2 with a corresponding increase in the labor intensity of the work.

Current repairs are intended to eliminate failures and malfunctions of the vehicle and units (trailers and semi-trailers) and should contribute to the fulfillment of established mileage standards before major repairs with minimal downtime. Current repairs are carried out by carrying out disassembly, assembly, plumbing, fitting and other necessary work with the replacement of: the unit has individual worn or damaged parts except the basic ones (body); a vehicle (trailer, semi-trailer) has individual components and assemblies that require routine or major repairs.

The need for routine repairs is identified during the operation of the rolling stock on the line and during regular maintenance.

Major repairs are intended to restore the performance of cars and units and ensure the mileage before subsequent major repairs or write-off is at least 80% of the norm for new cars or units. During a major overhaul, it is necessary to completely disassemble the units into parts and repair the basic parts.

INTRODUCTION

1	CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FARM
1.1	Brief description of the farm
1.2	Material and technical base
2	SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PART
2.1	Calculation of the number of maintenance and scheduled repairs of transport equipment of the farm2.1.1 Calculation of the number of repairs and maintenance of tractors2.1.2 Calculation of the number of repairs and maintenance of cars 2.1.3 Calculation of the number of current repairs of agricultural machines 2.1.4 Distribution of repair and maintenance work at the places where they are performed
2.2	Annual workshop capacity plan
2.3	Workshop operating hours, time funds and calculation of the number of employees 2.3.1 Employee time fund 2.3.2 Equipment time fund 2.3.3 Calculation of the number of personnel
2.4	Calculation of jobs and the need for technological equipment 2.4.1 Calculation of the number of jobs 2.4.2 Calculation of main equipment
2.5	Calculation of the number of conditional repairs
2.6	Area calculation
2.7	Calculation of microclimate parameters2.7.1 Calculation of ventilation2.7.2 Calculation of lighting 2.7.3 Heating calculation
2.8	Calculation of other sections of the technical service point
3.1	Agricultural requirements
3.2	Analytical calculation of aggregates
3.3	Preparing the unit for operation
3.4	Preparing the field for work
3.5	Operation of the unit in the pen and quality control
3.6	Occupational Safety and Health
3.7	Security environment
3.8	Operational flow chart
4	BUILDING AN ANNUAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SCHEDULE
4.1	Analytical method for calculating the number of maintenance and repairs of tractors
4.2	Calculation of the annual maintenance and repair schedule based on the amount of fuel consumed
5	ECONOMIC PART
5.1	Determination of direct operating costs per 1 hectare of operation
5.2	Definition economic efficiency
	CONCLUSION
	LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

The Ukrainian tractor fleet is one of the main means of cultivating land, harvesting crops, transporting goods, raw materials, etc.

The main objectives of the development of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex: strengthening the material and technical base, improving Maintenance and repair of equipment, strengthening the repair and maintenance base and increasing the organization of maintenance and repair of machines.

The entire complex mainly consists of maintenance and repairs.

Maintenance is intended for:

— maintaining the ITP in in working condition;

— reducing the wear rate of parts;

— warnings of sudden malfunctions and failures;

— identifying faults for their timely elimination.

Maintenance is preventive in nature, it is performed as a certain amount of work is completed (mileage, engine hours, amount of fuel consumed). Diagnostics are increasingly used during maintenance and repair, which allows one to obtain an objective assessment of the technical condition, identify malfunctions of components and assemblies of MTP and establish ways to eliminate them without disassembling the units.

The expansion of the scope of diagnostics is facilitated by its efficiency and simplicity, the creation and industrial production of appropriate equipment and devices for this, as well as the results of scientific improvement of diagnostic methods.

Preventative and repair work are used for the same purposes - ensuring the technically sound condition of equipment. In this case, the goal must be achieved with minimal labor and material costs, per unit of work produced.

The level of costs depends on many factors: the type of agricultural equipment and its mileage from the start of operation, operating conditions, driver qualifications, the capacity of the agricultural enterprise and its material and technical base, etc.

However, the most important condition on which the level of total material and labor costs on the technical maintenance of MTP is the ratio of preventive and repair effects. For example, reducing the cost of carrying out preventive actions can be achieved by reducing the frequency of maintenance. Thus, this causes a more frequent need for routine repairs and, consequently, a noticeable increase in costs Maintenance. It should be noted that repair interventions, due to the specifics of their implementation (high labor intensity, highly qualified performers, use of spare parts, use of complex and expensive equipment, etc.) are more expensive than preventative ones. Therefore, the costs for them are usually two or more times higher than preventive ones.

Target this project consists of analyzing the existing organization of technical maintenance and ongoing repairs of MTP in farms, developing specific measures to increase the technical readiness rate of the fleet and calculating optimal of this enterprise frequency of maintenance and repairs, which allows you to more successfully fulfill the planned tasks set by the farm with minimal labor and material costs.

Based on all of the above, I am carrying out a diploma project on the topic: “Design of a workshop for maintenance, diagnostics and current repair of MTP for the private enterprise “Volnoe” of the Black Sea region, with the development of a technology for restoring the rollers of the chassis of the T-70 tractor.”

CONCLUSION to the thesis: Project of a workshop for maintenance, diagnostics and current repair of MTP with the development of technology for restoring the rollers of the T-70 tractor chassis

In this thesis project, an analysis was made economic activity agricultural enterprise PE "Volnoye". An analysis was made of the use of the machine and tractor fleet in this farm. For each tractor, car and agricultural The vehicle has been scheduled for maintenance and repairs throughout the year. The need for machine operators and support workers and for repair and maintenance technicians in the repair shop was determined, depending on the annual load of the maintenance point and the repair shop.

To carry out effective maintenance and repair of machines, I completed a diploma project on the topic: “Design of a workshop for maintenance, diagnostics and current repair of MTP for the private enterprise “Volnoe” of the Black Sea region with the development of a technology for restoring the rollers of the chassis of the T-70 tractor.” Thus, I gained practical skills in forecasting and planning farm operations.

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NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

SEPARATE STRUCTURAL DIVISION

"CRIMEAN TECHNIQUE OF HYDROMILIORATION AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION"

ORGANIZATION OF REPAIR OF MTP IN WORKSHOPS WITH DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR REPAIR OF PART

EXPLANATORY NOTE

FOR THE COURSE PROJECT

1. Organizational section

1.1 Determination of the repair program and labor intensity

The number of major and current repairs for general purpose workshops will be determined through the repair coverage ratios for machines.

The number of major repairs for tractors and cars is determined from the expression:

where is the number of tractors and cars of this brand.

Coverage rate for major repairs of tractors and cars.

The number of current repairs for tractors and cars is determined from the expression:

where is the coefficient of coverage of tractors and cars with current repairs.

(we are planning one renovation).

(we are planning three renovations).

(we are planning one renovation).

(we are planning two renovations).

(we plan seven repairs).

(we plan fifteen repairs).

(we plan seven repairs).

(we plan fourteen repairs).

(we are planning three renovations).

(we plan seven repairs).

(we are planning four renovations).

(we plan ten repairs).

(we plan eight repairs).

(we plan sixteen repairs).

(we plan six repairs).

(we plan seventeen repairs).

Cultivators

(we plan twelve repairs).

Peelers

(we plan eleven repairs).

The calculation results are entered into the table:

Table 1.1. Number of major and current repairs for general purpose workshops

	Car make	Number of cars	Type of repair
			Major renovation	Maintenance
	Cultivators
	Peelers

The labor intensity of repair work for workshops consists of the labor intensity of individual machines to be repaired and is determined from the expression

(person hour)

where, is the labor intensity of car repair depending on the brand, man/hour.

Number of machine repairs according to calculation.

We determine the labor intensity for each machine

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

(person hours)

Cultivators

(person hours)

Peelers

(person hours)

The calculation results are entered into the table

Table 1.2. Labor intensity of nomenclature work

	Car make	Number of cars	Type of repair	Number of repairs	Labor intensity (person hours)
					For one repair	For the entire volume
	Cultivators
	Peelers

The annual labor intensity of nomenclature work will be: 18022 (person hours)

In workshop farms, in addition to nomenclature work (), they also perform other types of work, additional work. Additional work includes:

1) repair and maintenance of own equipment.

2) repair of equipment for livestock farms.

3) unforeseen work.

Additional work amounts to 25-30% of the nomenclature. Labor intensity additional work determined from the expression:

According to the calculation, the labor intensity of additional work is: 4505.5 hours.

The annual labor intensity of repair work is determined from the expression

1.2 Drawing up an annual plan and repair schedule

When drawing up an annual workload plan for workshops, it is necessary to distribute the number of repairs in such a way that the workload of workshops by quarter of the year is approximately the same.

When drawing up the plan, the seasonality of agricultural work is taken into account. In this regard, the load of approximately 60-65% of the annual amount of repairs is planned for the first and fourth quarters of the year, and 35-40% of the annual amount of repairs is planned for the second and third quarters.

An approximate annual workload plan for workshops is given in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3. Approximate annual workload plan for workshops

Car make

Number of cars

Number of repairs

Labor intensity

Quarters of the year

Number of repairs

Labor intensity

Number of repairs

Labor intensity

Number of repairs

Labor intensity

Number of repairs

Labor intensity

Cultivators

Peelers

1.3. Determination of workshop staff

The number of production workers for general purpose workshops is determined by the annual labor intensity of repair and maintenance work

where is the annual labor intensity of repair work in workshops.

Actual annual fund of working time (hours).

Time norm processing factor: = 1.05…1.15.

The actual annual fund of worker time is determined from the expression

where is the quantity calendar days per year (365).

Number of days off per year (96).

Quantity holidays per year (7).

Number of vacation days (24).

Shift duration (8.2 hours).

Working time utilization coefficient (=0.96).

(workers)

In addition to production workers in farm workshops, other categories of workers also work:

1) auxiliary workers - 5%;

2) engineering and technical personnel - 10%;

3) Employees - 4%;

The number of auxiliary workers is determined from the expression:

(workers)

We are hiring one worker.

The number of engineering and technical workers is determined from the expression:

(workers)

We are hiring one worker.

The number of employees is determined from the expression:

(employees)

We are hiring one worker.

The total number of workshop workers is determined from the expression:

(workers)

According to the calculation, the number of workshop workers is fourteen people.

1.4. Calculation of the number of workers on the site

The number of workers for the workshop area is determined from the expression

where is the labor intensity of repair work at the workshop site

(workers).

We are hiring one worker.

1.5 Selection and calculation of equipment for the site

Selection of repair type technological equipment and determining its quantity is the main most important issue in organizing workplaces.

Excess equipment and technological equipment entails its incomplete use, an increase in the cost of its maintenance and the area for its placement; if there is a deficiency, there is no possibility of performing this type of repair work.

If the annual labor intensity of repair work at a workplace (site) is less than the actual equipment time during single-shift work, then its quantity is taken according to technological necessity.

Table 1.4. Equipment for repair area

The equipment area for the site is 3.4.

1.6 Determination of site area

The area of ​​the area for external washing will be determined by the area of ​​the equipment in this area from the expression

where is the area of ​​equipment for the site, .

Coefficient taking into account passages, driveways and work areas

According to the calculation, the area of ​​the site will be 13.6.

Taking into account the dimensions of the unit placed on the sink, the area of ​​the site will be 76.5 m2

1.7 Calculation of area lighting

All production areas of workshops must have both artificial and natural lighting.

Calculation of artificial lighting.

The luminous flux for illuminating the area is determined from the expression:

where is the area of ​​the repair area.

E - norm of artificial illumination. We accept for the third category of work E - 50 lumens.

Luminous flux reserve factor. (= 1.3…1.5).

Luminous flux utilization factor (=0.4...0.5).

To illuminate the repair area, we select incandescent lamps with a power of 150 watts. The luminous flux of the electric lamp is 1750 lumens.

The number of electric lamps for the site is determined from the expression:

where is the luminous flux of a 150-watt incandescent lamp.

We take seven light bulbs for lighting.

Daylight.

All industrial premises must have natural light.

The area of ​​windows for the workshop area is determined from the expression:

where is the area of ​​the site according to the calculation

To illuminate the area, we accept standard windows with dimensions: height (h) - 3 m; width (b) - 2 m. Window area is 6.

The number of windows to illuminate the area is determined from the expression:

We accept four windows.

1.8 Calculation of site ventilation

All production areas of workshops must have both artificial and natural ventilation.

The performance of fans for ventilation of the area is determined from the expression:

where is the volume of the site premises;

The rate of air exchange in a room in one hour.

The volume of the plot is determined from the expression:

where is the height of the site premises = 4.2 m.

For artificial ventilation of the area, we select an EVR centrifugal fan. Fan characteristics are shown in Table 1.5:

Table 1.5. Fan characteristics

The area of ​​the vents for natural ventilation of the area is determined from the expression

According to the calculation, the area of ​​the vents should be at least 1.53 m2.

1.9. Development of occupational safety measures for workshops

1. External car washing must be carried out on a specially designated and equipped elevated platform. The site must have a hard surface and drains to drain water into the sewer system.

2. For safe entry and exit, front and rear ramps are installed with an entry angle not exceeding the wheel guards.

4. The walls of the premises are lined with ceramic tiles or other moisture-resistant material.

5. Washing departments must be arranged so that vapors of water and washing liquid solutions do not enter the production premises. It is strictly forbidden to use gasoline for washing.

6. All washing compartments, areas and posts located in the room are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

7. Washing baths are provided with exhaust hoods and other effective means of ventilation.

8. Small parts are sent to the wash in a special container. It is prohibited to place round parts in bulk above the side of the container.

9. The supply of large parts to washing should be mechanized.

10. When working on washing machines and when using washing baths, workers are provided with protective pastes KHIOT - 6 or AB - 1 when using alkaline solutions and paste PM - 1 when using kerosene and diesel fuel.

11. Units and parts of engines running on leaded gasoline must be neutralized in kerosene, dichloroethane or other neutralizing liquids before washing.

2. Technological section

Development of a technological route for repairing a part

Housing - KS6-10030 RSB

Material - SCh-18-36

Weight - 3.2 kg

1) wear of the bushing for a bearing with a diameter of 80 -0.02 mm to a diameter of 78.3 mm.

2) wear of the thread in the M-12 hole.

Recovery route:

Defect 1 - operation 1 - metalworking - press out the bushing; operation 2 - turning - grind out a bushing with an internal diameter of 80 -0.02; external - 90 +0.07.

Defect 2 - operation 1 - plumbing - drill hole M-12 to diameter M-14; operation 2 - metalworking - cut the thread with an M-14 tap.

2.1 Locksmith operation

Pressing out the bushing manually

where is the time standard;

Piece time;

2. We find the piece time using the table. (T-120. L-1). We accept

0.86 minutes.

2.2 Turning operation

(passage).

6. The main processing time is determined from the expression

Number of passes; =2.5.

The number of revolutions of the machine spindle according to the machine passport; =305 rpm.

where is the cutting speed m/min; =88 rpm (L-1; T-10).

Let's select =305 rpm.

Similar to the first calculation, we perform the calculation of the turning operation based on the internal diameter.

1. Determine the brand of screw-cutting lathe (L-1). The brand of screw-cutting lathe is 1A62.

2. We select cutters (according to purpose, material). We select the P-9 cutter.

3. The allowance for external cutting processing is determined from the expression:

where is the diameter of the machined surface (workpiece diameter)

The diameter to which the surface is processed (diameter of the part according to the drawing).

We take a workpiece with an internal diameter of 70 mm, with an external diameter of 95 mm.

4. Depending on the quality of the workpiece material being processed, we determine the cutting depth (t). Cutting depth t=1mm.

5. Determine the number of passes from the expression:

where is the cutting depth (assumed).

(passage).

6. The main processing time is determined from the expression:

where is the length of the surface being processed (according to the drawing).

Number of passes; =5.

The number of revolutions of the machine spindle according to the machine passport; =380 rpm.

The caliper feed (depending on the cutting depth) is taken = 0.20 (L-1; T-8).

7. The number of revolutions of the machine spindle is determined from the expression:

where is the cutting speed m/min; =80 rpm (L-1; T-10).

Let's select =380 rpm - according to the passport.

8. Auxiliary time T in = 0.68 min. (L-1; T-43).

9. Additional time We determine T additional from the expression:

where is the operational time of the operation.

Correction factor for turning = 8% (L-1; T-7).

10. Preparatory and final time T pz = 7 min. (L-1; T-45).

11. We determine the time limit for the operation from the expression:

12. We determine the worker’s wages from the expression:

where is the clock tariff rate worker under normal working conditions.

2.3 Locksmith operation

Pressing in the bushing manually

1. The normalized time for pressing out the bushing is determined by the formula:

where is the time standard;

Piece time;

Preparatory and final time;

Number of parts in the batch.

2. We find the piece time using the table. (T-120. L-1). We accept = 0.79 minutes.

3. We find the preparatory and final time according to the table. (T-45. L-1). We accept =7 minutes.

4. Find the normalized time:

5. We determine the worker’s wages from the expression:

where is the worker’s private tariff rate under normal working conditions. =3.08.

2.4. Plumbing operation

Drilling a hole.

1. Select a drill (depending on the diameter of the hole being drilled). We accept drill 14.

2. Determine the cutting depth from the expression:

where is the diameter of the drill, mm.

Diameter of drilled hole, mm.

We select from the table (L-1; T-27-30) the caliper feed (S) and cutting speed (V t).

We take S =0.24 mm/rev.

We take V t =20 mm/min.

3. The estimated cutting speed is determined from the expression:

where is the table cutting speed, m/min.

We select the correction coefficient depending on the material of the part (L-1; T-12,13,14,15,16). We accept =0.5.

4. The number of revolutions of the machine spindle is determined from the expression:

where is the design cutting speed, m/min.

Diameter of the drilled hole.

From the table (L-1; T-62) we select the required drilling machine and spindle speed. We accept a vertical drilling machine, model 2A125, spindle speed - 97 - 1360 rpm.

5. We determine the main time for the operation from the expression:

where is the drill feed in mm/rev.

Length (depth) of the drilled hole in mm.

Table of machine spindle rotation speed.

6. Let's determine the auxiliary time:

where is the time to install the part, min (L-1; T-65).

Auxiliary time for passage, min (L-1; T-66).

We accept =0.6.

We accept =0.10.

7. We determine the additional time from the expression:

Where; (min.)

Coefficient taking into account the percentage of extra time (L-1; T-7). We accept =6%.

8. Preparatory and final time (T pz) is determined from the expression

9. We determine the worker’s wages from the expression

where is the worker’s private tariff rate under normal working conditions

2.5 Locksmith operation

Manual thread cutting.

1. Select a tool for cutting threads - a tap.

2. We determine the time norm from the expression:

3. The main time for the operation () will be determined from the table (L-1; T-236). We take T 0 =3.50.

4. Auxiliary time () is determined from the table (L-1; T-237). We accept =1.80.

5. Additional time (T add) is accepted within 7-8% of the operational time (T op).

6. We determine the preparatory and final time () from the table (L-1; T-207). We accept =4 min.

7. We determine the wages of workers from the expression:

where is the worker’s private tariff rate under normal working conditions.

3. Economic section

3.1 Calculation of the cost of repairing a part

1) the cost of repairing a part consists of direct and overhead costs and is determined from the expression:

where are direct costs (salaries, materials, energy, etc.).

Overhead costs (transport, transportation).

2) main wages workers will be determined from the expression:

where is the salary according to the calculation of the technological map.

3) additional payment for high quality work is determined from the expression:

where 10 is the percentage of the basic salary.

4) contributions to social funds we determine from the expression:

where 37 is the percentage of contributions to social funds.

5) we determine the total salary with accruals from the expression:

6) overhead production costs are determined from the expression:

where 120 is the percentage of overhead costs.

7) the cost of the used material is determined from the expression:

where is the mass of material in kilograms used to repair the part.

(cm 3) (g) (kg).

8) The cost of repairing a part is determined from the expression:

3.2 Calculation for economic feasibility from the proposed maintenance

where is the cost of a new part, UAH.

Time between repairs (lifetime of a repaired part).

Cost of repairing a part. - resource of a new part (=1).

Literature

Lausch "Course design"

V.A. Matveev, I.I. Pustovalov “Technical standardization of repair work in agriculture.”

I.E. Ullman "Machine Repair".

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Word, statement, specification, drawings (some of the drawings are presented above), title page.

Introduction (excerpt from the text thesis)

Determining the technical condition of units is especially necessary when a unit or unit has failed. Based on certain practically established signs, you can find the interface or node where the performance is impaired. But this is an extreme case. It is advisable to foresee the moment of failure in advance in order to exclude it.
Technical diagnostics of tractors and their individual units is generally aimed at solving one or more problems:
- to determine the technical condition (serviceable or faulty);
- search and localization of the location of failure or malfunction;
- to predict the residual life or the probability of failure-free operation at specified operating (mileage) intervals.
To successfully implement these tasks, certain work is carried out to develop diagnostic software, improve testability and establish indicators and characteristics of diagnostic processes.
Most optimal solution is to carry out work on diagnostic support for tractors at all stages, from their development to complete write-off, i.e. at the stages of development, production, operation, overhaul and storage, as well as when justifying the act of decommissioning specific tractors.
Diagnostic support is a complex of interrelated diagnostic methods, standards, technical (hardware) and software tools, diagnostic processes, metrological support systems for the methods and technical diagnostic tools used, reflected in the technical documentation.
The testability of tractors and their units is ensured at the stages of their development and manufacturing by complying with the requirements for technical diagnostics in terms of design products, parameters and diagnostic methods, indicators for assessing the testability of an object.
The purpose of the thesis is the design of the layout of a diagnostic station for transmissions and drive axles of vehicles with the development of a stand for diagnostics at the Karpovo farm.

INTRODUCTION 6
1. ANALYSIS OF THE FARM OPERATION. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK 8
1.1. Production performance indicators 8
1.2. Direction of farming 10
1.3. Characteristics of the crop production industry 13
1.4. Characteristics of the livestock industry 17
1.5. Performance indicators of production activities 17
1.6. Material and technical base of the farm 21
1.7. Composition of the machine and tractor fleet 23
1.8. Tractor usage analysis 25
1.9. Justification of the project topic 27
1.10. Purpose and objectives of the thesis 28
2. ORGANIZATION OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MTP IN THE PEASANT FARM "KARPOVO" 31
2.1. Calculation and justification of the annual volume of repair work 31
2.2. Calculation of the number of technical maintenance and repairs of tractors 32
2.3. Calculation of the number of technical maintenance and repairs trucks per cycle 35
2.4. Calculation of the number of current and major repairs of grain harvesters 37
2.5. Calculation of the number of current repairs of agricultural machines 38
2.6. Calculation of the total annual labor intensity of technical maintenance and repairs 39
2.7. Workshop staff calculations 41
2.8. Calculation of the amount of additional work 42
2.9. Workshop loading schedule 43
2.10. Methods for increasing the reliability of MTP 44
3. DEVELOPMENT OF STAND 50 DESIGN
3.1 Description of the developed design of a diagnostic stand for checking the technical condition of boxes and drive axles of tractors and trucks 50
3.2 Description and principle of operation of the diagnostic stand 52
3.3 Rules for operating the stand 54
3.4 Structural calculation of components and parts of the stand 54
3.5 Calculation of chain transmission 55
4 LIFE SAFETY 67
4.1 Life safety at work 67
4.2 Analysis of the state of life safety 68
4.3 Recommendations for ensuring life safety 71
4.4 Safety instructions when working at the stand 78
5 LIFE SAFETY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 80
6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 82
6.1 Environmental protection in modern conditions development 82
6.2 Analysis of environmental activities, recommendations to the farm on environmental protection 88
6.3 Environmental assessment of the design 93
7 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT 94
7.1 Determination of costs for the manufacture and modernization of a stand for diagnostics of gearboxes and rear axles 94
5.2 Technical and economic efficiency from the implementation of diagnostic stand 100
CONCLUSION 104
LIST OF SOURCES USED 105

Bibliography

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2. Anuvrev V.I. Handbook of mechanical engineering designer. Volume. 2 - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2008, - 559 p.
3. Anuvrev V.I. Handbook of mechanical engineering designer. Volume. 3 - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2008, - 557 p.
4. Arinin I.P. Diagnostics in automobile transport. – M.: 2005. – 250 p.
5. Balabin I.V. Testing of automobiles. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 2006. – 363 p.
6. Belskikh V.I. Diagnosis and maintenance of agricultural machinery. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Kolos, 2006. - 575 p.
7. Buralev Yu. V. Life safety in transport. – M.: 2004. – 570 p.
8. Gibert A.I. Expertise of the technical condition of tractor units. - Novosibirsk: B. i., 2006. - 130 p.
9. Lyshko G.P. Operating manufacturability of tractors: (Maintenance, diagnostics and storage). - Chisinau: Cartea Moldovenasca, 2001. - 260 p.
10. Marnolis S. Ya. Bridges of automobiles and road trains. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 2006. – 286 p.
11. Methodology for calculating economic efficiency and operating costs from the introduction of technical diagnostic methods during the maintenance of tractors: Project / State. com. USSR on production and technical. provision of villages households, State All-Union n.-i. technol. Institute of repair and operation of machine-tract. park (GosNITI); [Comp. K.Yu. Skibnevsky and others]. - M.: GosNITI, 1980. - 77 p.
12. Moroz S. M. Control and diagnostics of a car. – M. Mechanical Engineering, 2007. – 176 p.
13. Organization of vehicle maintenance at Agricultural Equipment stations. – M.: 2000. – 120 p.
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15. Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”, taking into account the amendments made by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 22, 2004, coming into force on January 1, 2005. - 000 "IC Terminal Plus". Ekaterinburg, 2004
16. Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses as amended by Federal Laws dated August 20, 2004 N 114-FZ, dated August 20, 2004 N 118-FZ. – P. 264. Ural Legal Publishing House, 2004
17. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as amended by Federal Law dated July 26, 2004 N 78-FZ. Uralurizdat, 2004- P. 216.
18. Water Code of the Russian Federation dated November 16 (995 No. 167-03, published as amended by Federal Laws dated June 30, 2003 No. 86-FZ, dated August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ, as amended Federal laws dated December 30, 2001 No. 194-FZ, dated December 24.
19. Land Code of the Russian Federation as amended by Federal Laws of June 30, 2003, Uralurizdat, 2004
20. Air Code of the Russian Federation. - 2nd add. - M.: Publishing house "Os-89", 2003. - 64 p.
21. Forest Code of the Russian Federation dated January 29, 1997 No. 22-FZ. The Code is published as amended by Federal Laws No. 116-FZ of July 25, 2002, No. 171-FZ of December 10, 2003, No. 122-FZ of August 22, 2004, as amended by Federal Laws of December 30, 2001 No. 194-FZ of December 24. 2002 No. 176-FZ. From December 23, 2003 No. 186-FZ.
22. Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of agricultural machines for strength and reliability. Ed. P. M. Volkova. – M.: “Maninostroenie”, 2007. – 310 p.
23. Spichkin G.V. Diagnosis of the technical condition of a car. – M.: Higher School, 2003. – 393 p.
24. Spichkin G.V. Workshop on car diagnostics. – M.: Higher School, 2006. – 220 p.
25. Maintenance and repair of vehicles in agriculture. – M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 2002. – 238 p.
26. Tractor MTZ-80 and its modifications. – M.: 2001. – 157 p.
27. Tractors and cars: Engines, chassis, transmission. M.: 2000. – 390 p.
28. Chekmarev A. A. Handbook of mechanical engineering drawing. M.: Higher School, 2001. - 495 p.

Diploma project - Organization of land and crop rotation LLC Korsinsky MTS Arsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan (Diploma work)

Diploma project - Construction of a fiber-optic line between Arkhangelsk and Karpogory with laying a fiber optic cable along electric railway supports (Diploma work)

Diploma project - 3-storey educational building (Diploma work)

Diploma project - Project of a mechanized technological line for processing meat into boiled sausages at Chebarkul Poultry LLC, Chelyabinsk region (Diploma work)

Maslov V.S. Dynamic random access memory of an on-board computer. Terms of reference for the graduation project (Document)

Diploma - Project of mechanization of technological processes on a dairy farm in LLC OPH named after. Frunze, Tara district, Omsk region with improvement of the mixer (Diploma work)

Diploma project - Project for improving the technological line for the production of curd mass at PKF Uralmoloko LLC, Chelyabinsk (Diploma work)

Diploma project - Project for improving the technological line for bread production on the basis of LLC Bread Factory in the village of Argayash, Chelyabinsk region (Diploma work)

Course project - Organization of repair and maintenance of equipment (Coursework)

n7.doc

ABSTRACT.

This diploma project is made on 93 sheets of explanatory note, 25 tables, 3 drawings. The graphic part is made on 10 sheets, 25 literary sources and 4 applications were used.

The key words of the diploma project are: organization of repairs, unit, unit, repair and maintenance base, workshop, machine and tractor park, maintenance, branded service, current repairs, production area, technical service, development prospects.

The project addresses the following issues; Analysis of economic activities. The state of the issue about the state of repair in the country, prospects for the development of MTP repair, technical and branded services are considered. Based on the availability of the machine and tractor fleet, a repair program and ways of its implementation were calculated for the year. The design part includes a stand for disassembling and assembling clutches, which increases productivity by 1.4 times.

Issues of labor protection on the farm are considered. In conclusion, technical and economic indicators are given.

1. Analysis of the economic activities of Elita LLC 8

1.1.General information about the economy, natural conditions. 8

1.2.Size of production and structure of land use of the farm. 9

1.3.Analysis of production efficiency. eleven

1.4. 12

1.5.Analysis of the machine and tractor fleet. 15

2. Status of issue 22

2.1. Scheduled preventative maintenance and repair system. 22

2.2. Concept for the development of technical services. 25

2.3. Development of technical services at the farm level. 27

2.4. Development of technical services at the district level. 27

2.5. Branded equipment maintenance. 28

2.6. Prospects for the development of the repair and maintenance base. thirty

3.Technological part. 34

3.1.Calculation of the annual workshop program. 34

3.2.Production cycle schedule. 43

3.3. Determining the workshop operating mode and time fund 46

3.4. Calculation of workshops and departments. Composition of departments and auxiliary areas 47

3.5. Technical process of tractor repair 49

3.6. Calculation and selection of equipment 51

3.7. Determine the production area of ​​the repair enterprise 54

3.8. Calculation of auxiliary areas. 55

3.9. Calculation of lighting for production areas 56

3.10. Ventilation calculation 59

3.11 Calculation of workshop heating 63

4. Design development 66

4.1. Analysis of the proposed stand for disassembling (assembling) clutches. 66

4.1.1. Stand arrangement. 66

4.1.2. Operating principle of the stand. 66

4.3. Economic efficiency from using the stand. 71

4.4. Assessment of the design for compliance with occupational safety requirements. 75

5. Technical and economic assessment of the project. 78

5.1. Technical and economic indicators. 78

6. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 82

6.1. Occupational safety objectives 82

6.2. Analysis of labor protection at Elita LLC 83

6.3. Safety precautions during repair work 86

6.4. Fire safety 88

7. NATURE CONSERVATION 90

8. Literature 92

Introduction.

The development of agricultural production, an increase in transportation volumes, and the need to complete work within a certain time frame place demands on road transport high requirements for technical readiness.

The ever-growing need for repairs of cars, tractors, combines and their units, changes in their designs and the design of technological equipment, as well as the constant improvement of machine repair technology require continuous improvement of the repair base in agriculture, the construction of new and reconstruction of existing repair enterprises. The design system for repair enterprises is designed to exclude the possibility of using ineffective construction technologies that are not economically efficient enterprises and provide strict justification for the organizational, technical and technological parameters of repair enterprises.

Improving the quality of repair work can be achieved by increasing the volume of work, using modern equipment, modern technology, highly qualified workers, as well as by modernizing outdated repair and technological equipment, improving labor organization, better layout of areas and organization of workplaces, strict adherence to progressive repair technologies.

1. Analysis of the economic activities of Elita LLC

1. General information about the farm, natural conditions.

The land use of the farm is located in the southwestern part of the Idrinsky district. The central estate of the farms is the village of Mayskoye Utro, located 12 kilometers from the district center, from the nearest railway station Kuragino 153 kilometers.

WITH district center The farm is connected by a paved road. The nearest repair and technical enterprise is located in the village of Idrinskoye. There is a network of country roads inside the farm.

Elita LLC specializes in the production of meat and milk. In agriculture, the farm is engaged in the cultivation of grain crops, corn for silage, perennial and annual grasses.

External and intra-farm communications – telephone.

By natural conditions land use belongs to a cool agroclimatic region with excess moisture. The average annual temperature is –1 0 C, the annual precipitation is 461 mm. The warmest month of the year is July (the average temperature is +18, the coldest is January (the average temperature is -21 0 C). The duration of the frost-free period is 100 days. The onset of the first frost is noted in the first ten days of September, the last - at the end of the third ten days of May.

The average snow depth is 27 cm. the snow melts in mid-April.

The predominant wind direction is southeast.

The land use relief is characterized by great diversity, despite the complexity of the land use relief, planar erosion is insignificantly developed. Soil loss is observed on steep hill slopes.

On the arable land site, the relief everywhere allows for all mechanized work provided for by the technology of cultivating agricultural crops in this zone.

There is a significant network of rivers and streams on the farm territory. The most significant source is the Syda River, which flows along the northern border of land use. Its width ranges from 10 to 50 meters, depth up to 2 - 3 meters.

In the southern part of the land use flows the Karasuk River, which is a left tributary of the Syda River, and the Telek River, which in turn is a tributary of the Karasuk River. The Telek and Karasuk rivers are small, their width ranges from 1 to 3 meters, depth from 0.4 to 1 meter.

Botanically and geographically, the territory of the farm is located in the forest-steppe zone.

Soil cover and land use are varied. Leached chernozems predominate. In terms of mechanical composition, soils with a heavy loamy composition predominate.

1. Size of production and structure of land use of the farm.

General information about the economy gives only a superficial acquaintance with production activities farms. Analysis of production allows us to identify opportunities for increasing the economic efficiency of production.

Before analyzing the size of production, it is necessary to consider the land use of the farm and outline an action plan to increase the intensive use of land.

The main part of agricultural production is land.

The economic efficiency of agricultural production and its specialization largely depends on the size of land and its structure.

Table 1.1.
Composition and structure of land use.

Indicators	Area ha.	Structure %
		Land Trust	Agricultural lands
Total land area	7259	100	-
Total agricultural land	5868	80,8	100
Of these are arable lands	3654	50,3	62,3
Haymaking	265	3,7	4,5
pastures	1949	26,8	33,2
Forest area	685	9,4
Ponds and reservoirs	75	0,9
Household plots	47	0,1

Over the past three years, there have been no changes in the land use structure.

As can be seen from table 1.1. Of the total area of ​​the farm, 80.8% is occupied by agricultural land, of which 50.3% is arable land, 4.5% is hayfields and 33.2% is pasture.

Direct indicators of the size of an agricultural enterprise are considered to be the volume of production of commercial and gross output, depending on the size and quality of agricultural land, livestock, volume of production assets, labor resources and their rational use. These indicators are shown below.
Table 1.2.
Dimensions of production of Elita LLC.

Indicators	Of the year
	2001	2002	2003
Total fixed assets at the end of the year, thousand rubles.	46670	49500	54400
Gross output Agriculture, thousand roubles.	6982	6592	6518
Including: crop production	3874	3672	3485
Livestock	3108	2920	3033
Average headcount, people	146	128	117
Crop production	50	25	28
Livestock	96	103	89
Machinery and equipment – ​​total, thousand rubles.	7590	6290	5740
Including Power machines and equipment	4020	3410	3330
Of these, tractors	1720	2910	1430
Working machines and equipment, thousand rubles.	3520	2830	2660
Of these, combines and other agricultural machinery and equipment	3460	2780	2600
Vehicles, thousand rubles.	6200	6100	6090
Cattle – total, heads	1180	1045	978
Pig farming	276	444	381
Sheep breeding	5251	5985	5107

Table 1.2 data. the size of production on the farm shows that the farm is a small agricultural enterprise. The cost of gross output decreased by 7.5% compared to 2001, that is, by 464 thousand rubles. this indicates that production has decreased. The number of workers has also decreased.

The structure of gross and commercial output is considered to be the main indicators of specialization, since it expresses intra-economic economic connection.

1. Analysis of production efficiency.

The main indicators of production efficiency are cost and profitability.

Product cost is one of the important indicators economic efficiency of agricultural production, it shows how much it costs to produce agricultural products. The cost reflects the qualitative side of the economic activity of the farm; efficiency of use of production resources, state of technology and organization of production, implementation of scientific achievements and best practices.

Cost figures are given below.

Table 1.3.
Cost of 1 quintal of main types of agricultural products, rub.

As can be seen from table 1.3. the cost of crop production in 2002 was lower than in the previous year. This suggests that production costs were lower. In 2002, production costs increased due to reasons beyond the control of the farm. Due to weather conditions, yields decreased.

1. Equipping the farm with fixed assets.

The level of provision of a farm with fixed assets is characterized by the value of their initial cost calculated per 100 hectares. agricultural land or 100 hectares. arable land and for one average employee.

Equipment indicators are given below.
Table 1.4.
Equipping the farm with fixed assets.

Indicators	year
	2001	2002	2003
There are fixed assets per 100 hectares. land, thousand rubles	642	681	749
For 100 hectares. arable land, thousand rubles	1277	1355	1490
Capital-labor ratio, thousand rubles.	319	386	465
Capital productivity, rub.	0,14	0,13	0,11
Capital intensity, rub	6,6	7,5	8,3

Table 1.4. shows an increase in the economy's provision of fixed assets.

The capital-labor ratio is determined by: the cost of fixed assets per 1 average annual employee.

Capital productivity is determined by: the cost of gross output produced per ruble of fixed assets.

Capital intensity is determined: the cost of fixed assets by the cost of gross output.

Based on the analysis of the economic activities of Elita LLC, we can conclude that the enterprise is profitable. This is confirmed by profitability indicators on balance sheet profit and gross income which are given below.

Table 1.5.

Performance indicators.

As can be seen from table 1.5. profitability is approximately at the same level.

1. Analysis of the machine and tractor fleet.

1. 
   

Efficient use of land resources is impossible without the use of powerful and modern agricultural machines.

Table 1.6.
Composition of the machine and tractor fleet.

Name, brand of car	Year
	2001	2002	2003
Tractors
Total tractors in terms of conventional tractors, pcs.			30
Total tractors, physical tractors, pcs.	27	25	25
K-701	1	1	2
K-700A	2	2	2
T-4A	4	4	3
DT-75M	7	6	6
MTZ-80	8	8	8
MTZ-50	1	1	1
T-40AM	2	2	2
T-16	2	1	1
Cars
KamAZ	-	1	1
ZiL	1	1	1
GAS	11	10	9
SAZ	1	1	1
Bus "Kuban"	1	1	1
Cars	3	3	3
Harvesters
SKD-5; SKD-6; Yenisei-1200	9	8	7
KSK-100	3	3	3
Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment
Hack throwers	2	2	2
Harrows	150	137	120
Seeders	24	24	24
Plows	10	9	9
Pick-ups	14	12	10
Peelers	7	6	3
Cultivators	10	10	10
Tractor mower	5	3	1
Reaper	14	13	11
Baler	3	3	3
Rake	6	5	5

As can be seen from table 1.6. The tractor fleet is not poorly equipped, since in terms of conventional tractors one can see a predominance over the physical composition of the fleet. Over the past 3 years, there have been no major changes in the composition of the machine and tractor fleet.

The number of agricultural machines and implements decreased, but only slightly. This happened due to their physical wear and tear.

1. 
   Use of tractors and combines.

The use of tractors can be tracked in the tables below.

Table 1.7.

Output per tractor, ha.

Tractor brand	Average annual number of cars	Completed		Total work completed	Produced for one tractor
		Machine days	Machine shifts
Total per conventional tractor	30	468	4911	34020	1134
In physical units
K-701	2	287	641,7	5416	2708
K-700A	2	298	366	4978	2489
T-4A	3	462	474	4443	1481
DT-75M	6	820	963	6948	1158
MTZ	5	917	932	4292	1073
Including MTZ-80	4	821	869	4905	981
T-40	2	214	219	768	384
Others	5	523	523	1430	286

Table 1.8.

Output per combine, ha.

Car name	Average seasonal number of cars	Machine days worked	Total removed	Produced on 1 machine per season
Combine harvesters	8	124	1800	225
Threshed grains			31069	3884
Mowed into windrows			606
Forage harvesters	3	62	330	110

Paying attention to the previously given tables, we will see that the number of tractors and combines has become 2 physical units less, but the sown areas have remained the same. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of using technology. But if we compare it with Table 1.9 below, we see that the technique was not used effectively.

Table 1.9.
Planned annual production ha.

Tractor brand	Planned annual output for 1 tractor
K-700A, K-701	3800
DT-75M	1860
T-4A	2800
MTZ	1230
T-40	860

1. 
   Characteristics of the workshop.

Improving the use of the farm's machine and tractor fleet largely depends on the timely implementation of routine repairs and maintenance, and on the state of the repair base on the farm.

The farm's workshop was built using brick according to a non-standard design. total area workshop 750 m2.

The workshop has three small workshops; turning, vulcanizing, forging and welding.

Of the equipment used in the workshop, only two machines are in good condition: a tabletop drilling machine and a lathe. The rest of the equipment is physically and mentally worn out. The most missing necessary tools and devices. There are no stands for disassembling and assembling engines, gearboxes and clutches, and there are also no running-in testing and adjustment stands. There are no tools for repairing combines at all. Sometimes special keys, due to their absence, replace a chisel and a hammer. All this affects the results of the repair. Parts that are still fit for use are destroyed ahead of schedule.

For these reasons, labor productivity in repair work remains very low and the quality of repairs remains low.

List of existing equipment in the workshop
Table 1.10.
Workshop equipment

Name	Brand	Quantity
Lathe	1A62G	1
Sharpening machine	OPR-3562	1
Pneumatic forging hammer	MA-4129A	1
Drilling table machine	2N-125	1
Welding transformer		1
Stationary compressor		1
Elektrotal	TE-100-511	1

On the farm, the repair of the machine and tractor fleet is carried out as follows; In the workshop, only routine repairs are carried out, maintenance as such is not performed or is not performed on time, and all maintenance consists of adding oil or replacing it. Repairs of cars, tractors and agricultural machines are carried out in one workshop.

Tractors and cars are driven into the workshop under their own power or pulled by another tractor. If it's in winter period then the car warms up within 24 hours. Then it is cleaned and troubleshooting begins. If the engine, fuel equipment or hydraulic system fails, these components are removed, cleaned, washed and taken to the central control center in the village of Idrinskoye. If other failures occur, repairs are made on site by the tractor driver himself. The tractor remains in place from the beginning of the repair until its completion.

Below are the costs for engine yard, repair and maintenance costs.
Table 1.11.
Engine yard costs, thousand rubles.

Indicators	Year
	2001	2002	2003
Maintenance and operation of machinery and equipment	2620	2490	2300
Including tractors	1730	1620	1450
combines	262	249	253
Spare parts	393	373,5	368
Tires	104,8	99,6	92
Indicators	Year
	2001	2002	2003
Raw materials	78,6	74,7	69
Salary	52,4	74,7	69

As can be seen from table 1.11. machine yard costs have remained at the same level on average over the past three years.

The following table shows the costs of repairs and maintenance carried out in the workshop.

Table 1.12.
Repair and maintenance costs, thousand rubles.

Indicators	Year	Repairs completed		Actually spent on repairs and maintenance.	Of these (without T.O.)
		Capital	Current		For major repairs	For current repairs
Tractors	2001	3	7	1730	1159,1	570,9
Combine harvesters		2	9	191	78	103
KSK		1	3	71	-	65
Cars		1	5	692	238	574
Tractors	2002	2	-	1620	1303	-
Combine harvesters		2	8	174	38	126
KSK		1	3	75	-	57
Cars		1	5	612	218	306
Tractors	2003	4	13	1450	521	780
Combine harvesters		2	7	177	-	92
KSK		1	3	76	-	61
Cars		-	3	630	-	580