Fish whale from the fairy tale humpbacked horse. Miracle-yudo fish-whale. How scientists discovered a monster that for many years was considered fiction. big head fish

The head of the sea monster Keto (whale) on a coin from Caria.

We know that Jesus Christ was resurrected on Sunday. But when he was crucified, on what day, the Bible does not specifically note. There are two most common opinions that this happened on Friday or Wednesday. Some, combining the arguments of Friday and Wednesday, call this day Thursday. In Matthew 12:40 Jesus says:
"For as Jonah was in the belly of the whale three days and three nights, so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.”
“Yak Yona has changed at the middle of whale three days and three nights, so will stay for three days and three nights, the Son of Man at the heart of the earth.
“Διότι ως ο Ιωνάς ήτο εν τη κοιλία του κήτους τρεις ημέρας και τρεις νύκτας, ούτω θέλει είσθαι του ανθρώπου τη καρδία της τρεις ημς τεις νύκτας ”. Dióti os o Ionas íto en ti koilia tou kitous treis iméras kai treis nýktas, oúto thélei eísthai o Yiós tou anthropou en ti kardía tis gis treis iméras kai treis nýktas.
Google translator translates the word κήτους as a horse; What's wrong with google programmers? Maybe Is this “whale-horse” somehow connected with Saint Christopher? This is the same whale that “gave birth” to the word cytology (Greek κύτος “cell” and λόγος - “teaching”, “science”)

Prophet Jonah Yunus (Hebrew יוֹנָה‏‎ - “dove”) Yona Yonah, in Arabic árabe يونس ("Yūnus- Yunus") In Turkish Yunus - dolphin . Greek variant Ἰωνᾶς, Yoni - the name ίον, means violet or violet color. The name Jonah, equivalent to the English Jonah, was introduced by the Puritans. In a figurative sense, in the English language it means a person who brings misfortune on a ship -jinx... This “dove-dolphin” is a young zhinka or youth youngster (from German Junge - “boy” or Dutch jonge - “young”) ships have no place among seasoned sea wolves?

Jonah Yunus is one of the minor prophets of the Old Testament. When the Lord sent him to preach to the pagans in Assyria, Jonah was frightened and wanted to sail away on a ship to his homeland. However, a storm broke out at sea, and the crew of the ship, deciding that this was the punishment of the Lord, threw Jonah overboard. In the sea, Jonah was swallowed by a huge whale, in the belly of which the prophet remained until he repented of his apostasy. After repentance, the whale released him ashore, and Jonah went to Assyria.

The image of the whale embodies ambivalence: the whale is both death, he and birth (more precisely, rebirth). It was in the sense of rebirth that Christian theologians interpreted the story of the whale and Jonah. Initially monstrous. whale-aspidochelon, embodied the primitive fish, which is the support of the earth . Naturally, this super-fish also acted as the progenitor of all fish, about which it is said in the Pigeon Book: "The whale is the fish of all mother fish" (in the pigeon book, this progenitor whale has several names - China-fish, tit-fish, Kitra). On this version of the whale, the world rests (which is actually not an isolated case in the world mythological space), and its vibrations are the cause of earthquakes, and, as a result, they will lead to the end of the world.
The Ancient Whale is a mind-blowing monster that looks more like a dragon than a humpback or sperm whale.

1. Jonah and Kit. Miniature from the manuscript of Rashid ad-Din "Jami' at-tavarih". Iran, XIV century. Metropolitan Museum, New York.
2. Whale swallowing Jonah. Image from a medieval manuscript (by enzodionigi).
3. Constellations Cetus and Argo. Illustration from Liber Floridus (f. 91r (detail).
4. Cetus whale with people on it. Illustration by Konrad von Gesner from Animal History.

The whale is a sea monster of medieval bestiaries; it was depicted in books as completely different from the modern whale from biology textbooks.

So called whales / sea monsters:

Aspedocalane
Aspido testudo - English tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Aspidochelone
Aspidochelone - a variant of the name of a monstrous whale (from the words: aspis - "shield" and celwnh - "turtle")
Ασπιδοχελώνη - the Greek spelling of the name of the monstrous whale is Aspidochelone
Etymological digression:
Latin aspis, aspidis (“echidna, aspid (venomous snake) Shield (thornworm)”), from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”), further from ἀ- (a-) +‎ σπίζω from Proto-Indo-European *spey - cognate with the Russian word back.
Chelon chelone - Χελώνια - turtle from skull; replaced the more ancient Slavic. * jellies "tortoise" (see nodule), obviously, based on taboo. Zholv "turtle" Russian-Church-Slav. jelly, -ve, Serbohorv. zhelva, Slovenian žȇɫva "turtle", Czech. želva "turtle", Pol. żóɫw (genus p. -wi). Slav. the word is related to Greek. χέλῡς (gen. -υος) "tortoise, chest cavity", χελώνη, eol. χελύνᾱ "turtle"
In the Russian canonical translation and the Septuagint, we have non-personalized "underworld" and "hell", but in the original this line sounds something like this "... Sheol multiplied her appetite and opened her mouth wide." Here Sheol appears as a terrible monster, in many respects analogous to the Akkadian Tiamat. Sheol swallows the dead, closing her giant jaws over them, her womb is eternally insatiable, and her soul expands and agitates in anticipation of prey (Is. 5:14; 14:9; Hab. 2:5; Ps. 141:7; Proverbs. 27:20; Job 24:19). Sheol (Hebrew שְׁאוֹל‏‎ /ˈʃiːoʊl/ SHEE-ohl or /ˈʃiːəl/ SHEE-əl; Hebrew שְׁאוֹל‎ Šʾôl) - the abode of the dead in Judaism
Shelf shelf - shallow shell- shell = sheol = helmet-brow of the earth = platform cover of the earth's crust, and under them is the underworld.

1. Rapid Transit to Sheol – Where We Are All Going According to the Reverend Dr. Morgan Dix, by Joseph Keppler, 1888.
2. The 3 Roads to Eternity, 1825 Cornell
3. Heaven and Hell Michelangelo Caetani, The Ordering of Paradise,
4. "A Monster from Hell". A 19th-century Russian hand-drawn lubok.

aspis chelone - English tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Aspidochelone
Balaena - the Latin version of the name of the monstrous whale (according to Isidore from the Greek baλλeiv - "to emit, throw out")
Balain
Balaine - English version of the name of a monstrous whale, related to the Greek baλλeiv
Balayn - English version of the name of a monstrous whale, related to the Greek baλλeiv
Balene - Latin version of the name of the monstrous whale
Cete
Cethe - a variant of the English tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Cetus - spelling of the name "Kit" in Latin
Coin
Covie - variant of the English-language name for the monstrous whale
Ketos - a variant of the Latin (and all other languages ​​\u200b\u200busing the Latin alphabet) the name of the whale
Lacovie - variant of the English-language name for the monstrous whale
Vešapi (ვეშაპი) - Latin transcription and original spelling of the name "Veshap" (monster, dragon), which in the ancient Georgian translation of the Bible meant Kita
Visap (վիշապ) - Latin transcription and original spelling of the name "Vishap" (monster, dragon), which in the ancient Armenian translation of the Bible meant Kita
Κῆτος - spelling of the name "Kit" in Greek
Φάλαινα - the Greek version of the name of the monstrous whale (according to Isidore from baλλeiv - "to emit, throw out")
Akiyang fish
Alema
Alcete
Aspidokoleon
Asp - in Christianity, medieval European bestiaries and in Slavic mythology, a winged snake devastating the lands
Aspidochelon - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin name "Aspidochelone", one of the names of the monstrous whale
Aspid chelon - a variant of the old Russian tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Aspidochelone
Balena - Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Balene
Blasna - Russian-language version of the name of the monstrous whale, associated with the name Balene
Belena - Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Balene
Great fish - a variant of the name of a monstrous whale from Slavic bestiaries
Veleryb - a variant of the name of a monstrous whale from Slavic bestiaries
Zhigana - a variant of the name of a monstrous whale from Slavic bestiaries
Zhigina - a variant of the name of a monstrous whale from Slavic bestiaries
Catgrand - a variant of the Russian-language name of a monstrous whale (from "ketus" - a sea monster and from "grand" - great)
Ketus - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
cetus (V, PM nom. pl. cētē) m. (Greek)
1. large marine animal (dolphin, whale, shark, etc. tuna)
2. constellation Cetus Man, Vtr

China fish
Kitra - variant of the name of the space whale in the "Pigeon Book"
Tit fish - variant of the name of the space whale in the "Pigeon Book"
Fasticalon
Fastitocalon - a variant of the Russian-language reading of the later name of the monstrous whale - Fastitocalon
Fastitocolon - a variant of the Russian-language reading of the later name of the monstrous whale - Fastitocalon
Tailtocalon - a variant of the Russian-language reading of the later name of the monstrous whale - Fastitocalon
cesta - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Ceta - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Tsetna - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Cetus - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Tsetu - a variant of the Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin "Cetus" and the Greek "Kῆτος"
Shalena - Russian-language tracing paper from the Latin name of the monstrous whale - Balene
shield turtle - literal translation of the name Aspidochelon, one of the names of the monstrous whale

1. Sea monster. medieval illustration
2. The whale attacks Zif. Illustration by Konrad Von Gesner - Details From "Historia Animalium" (History Of Animals) 1551-87.
3. Sailors on aspidochelon. Bodleian Library Manuscript (MS Douce 88, fol.028r.) In this manuscript, aspidochelon is called aspido de Ione (!)
4. Whale, partridges, asp. Parker Library Manuscript (CCC, Ms.22, fol.168r.) Left: Whale or aspidochelon, the miniaturist was so carried away that he painted on the whale a tree that had grown on it and was being cut down by a sailor.
Top right: Partridges.
Bottom right: One of the strangest depictions of an asp in bestiaries. To the left is depicted what can still be assumed as a common plot in the chapter about the asp, where a snake charmer is depicted with a scroll or a book in his hands, and an asp crawling out of the ora, who tries to plug his ear with his tail, and crouching to the ground with the other. Here the process seems to be at the very beginning. The image to the right is completely inexplicable. The library website identifies it as "a dog attacking (flattering) a woman".

Arabian whale قيطس qaytis - maybe it's a cat or a kitten or a fur seal? What whales do the Arabs have on the Arabian Peninsula. What animal are we talking about?

1. The range of whale sharks or whale shark.
2 Range Beluga whales - Dolphins (Delphinidae)
3. Geographic distribution of the blue whale
4 Northern fur seal range

Constellation Whale - Κήτος lat. Cetus, Arabic قيطس qaytis.

Located in the "watery" region of the sky , extends south of Pisces and Aries, between Aquarius and Eridanus. In the northern hemisphere, the best observing conditions in early autumn are October/November. Ancient constellation. The constellation Cetus is remarkable in many ways. For example, not always, that is, not at any time, one can say with certainty which star in its composition is the brightest. The status of the most prominent luminaries usually have Alpha and Beta of the celestial pattern, with the second brighter than the first. However sometimes the constellation Cetus is illuminated by outbreaks of Mira (Omicron Ceti) , But more on that later.

It is usually believed that it depicts a monster sent by Poseidon to devour Andromeda chained to a rock and killed by Perseus.
Mythologically, the constellation is included in the Perseid cycle. The whale is separated from the rest of the constellations of the group by Pisces and therefore, it seems, is independent. On the other hand, Pisces appeared in the sky after the formation of the Perseus group.

Arat in "Phenomena" writes about Keith:

“The whale, the ocean creature, Andromeda swims to the distant.
The road of the sun, although it lies between them, frightens
Virgo is a monstrous beast, and she is under the opposite
The Pole is glad to find shelter near Boreas.
Whale, Avstrom * we drive, looks at two constellations,
For above him in the sky Aries and Pisces rush.
The miracle of the sea floats along the waves of the river stream”

*Austrian-austrus = south and spring-summer season (estrus)

The whale, sent by Poseidon, was supposed to devour Andromeda chained to a rock, but was turned to stone by Perseus, who used the head of the Gorgon Medusa for this and saved the beautiful girl. There is a version that a dragon was appointed as a girl's devourer. Perhaps, Keith, it's just the dragon's own name. Like, “Vaska the cat”. What is it - the proper name of a whale or a particularly bloodthirsty species of cetaceans that ate in ancient times and in fairy tales, predominantly on the maidens of the royal family?
The whale skeleton was brought to Rome by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, a Roman consul, in the first century BC. Meticulous Roman naturalists carefully measured the remains: the length of the skeleton was 40 feet or twelve meters, the vertebrae had a circumference of six feet or about 60 centimeters in diameter. Later, Saint Jerome saw them at the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century in the Phoenician city of Tyre, where the Romans, probably having had enough intention and satisfying their curiosity, returned the bones of the monster.
In addition to the word Κῆτος - actually Kit. The constellation was also called Orff, Orphos - Ὀρφίς, Όρφός, Όρφώς, and also Pristis - Πρῆστις, Πρίστις - from πρῆθειν. For example, πρίστις is sometimes translated as sawfish, although I doubt sawfish feed on maidenness. You can read about Orff
Orff-Orpheus has a Phrygian hat of Paris, does this mean that they are the same person or Pristis is associated with Pristina (Priština) - coming or coming (*Priščь *Prišьkъ - the place where precious minerals were found (at + search) and developed).

The Latins used the latter form as the common name for the constellation: Pristis, Pristix, Pistrix - also adding the epithets southern (auster), Nereids (Nereia, on behalf of the sea god Nereus), Neptunes (Neptunia, on behalf of the Roman Neptune, an analogue of Poseidon), water (aequorea ), scaly (squammigera; doubtful, of course, for a whale, but quite acceptable for a dragon ...) and even gibbus - "humped". The name Cetus (or later Cete), however, changed these names over time.
pistrix icis f.
sea ​​monster (whale, shark, sawfish)
small fast warship
ship of Aeneas with the emblem of a whale
constellation Cetus

pistrix, īcis f. pistor - miller's baker

Later, after the XV century, the names of the constellation are varied. The word "Whale" was translated into Latin as Balaena, something like a monster, a huge scary animal; now Balaena is the name of the genus of bowhead whales (far from Ethiopia, but, you see, swam). The constellation was called simply Fish (Pristis), simply the Beast (Belua and Fera), Dragon (Draco), Leo (Leo), Triton's Dog (Сanis Tritonis), Sea Monster (Monstrum Marinum), Sea Bear (Ursus Marinus). The Arabs transliterated the classical name - Al Ḳeṭus, Elketos, Elkaitos, Elkaitus. They called him the Sea Beast, sa "d al-ahbiya, for example, Al-Biruni. Probably Sea animal = beast al-ahbiya = Sea horse, that's why Google translator called the whale a horse.
In the "Book of Fixed Stars" as_Sufi, the constellation just looks like the Little Humpbacked Horse
In ancient atlases, the view of the Whale is very diverse, whom we will not see here! We will not see here, of course, a realistic whale (with the exception, perhaps, of Kugel's globe of the III-I century BC and G. Ray's scheme of 1969 AD ... a gap in years of more than 2000 years! creating Kugel's globe people fell into lethargy and insanity forgetting what cetaceans look like?!) Let's get acquainted with very creepy characters: here are different forms of fish, including fish with tusks and a trunk, and fish with a red beard, and "the most terrible Whale of the sky" by Stanislav Lyubinetsky, here is a dragon with a dog's muzzle, and a dragon with a bear's muzzle, here are some monsters with flippers, horns, tails, claws, forked tongues, pancake necks and short, hooked beaks...

In general, most likely The whale is a marine animal with a fish tail with vertical lobes, fins, two powerful front paws equipped with claws, and a large head on a short powerful neck, armed with a huge mouth with sharp long teeth.

This is what pinnipeds look like, but are they inhabitants of the northern cold waters, where did the ancient Arabs see them?

Continuation of the stars of the constellation Kito-Dragon follows ...

Miracle Yudo whale fish

Miracle Yudo whale fish
From the poetic fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse" (1834) by the writer Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov (1815-1869).
Used: playfully-ironically about some strange, absurd, incomprehensible phenomenon, object, creature, etc.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M.: "Lokid-Press". Vadim Serov. 2003 .

See what "Miracle-Yudo fish-whale" is in other dictionaries:

Miracle Yudo- THE MIRACLE OF YUDO. 1. Folk poet. Fairy monster. “We will arrive at the clearing, Directly to the sea, the ocean; Across it lies the Miracle Yudo fish whale ”(P. Ershov. The Little Humpbacked Horse). On the river, the waters were agitated, the eagles screamed on the oaks, the bridge hummed, the miracle of Yudo leaves ... ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

This term has other meanings, see Miracle Yudo (meanings). "Miracle Yudo". Russian popular print of the 19th century. Miracle Yudo is a character of Russian folk epics and ... Wikipedia

MIRACLE - YUDO- Obsolete term. Outside of Odessa, so with the light hand of Ershov, whale fish is called. In the city where the whaling fleet was based, even small children knew that the whale was an animal, not a fish. Therefore, Ch. Yu. in the Odessa language was once called Yuda, ... ... Large semi-explained dictionary of the Odessa language

Miracle, pl. miracles, miracles and (colloquially rare) miracles, miracles, cf. 1. In religious and mythological representations, a phenomenon that contradicts the laws of nature and cannot be explained by them, but is possible due to the intervention of otherworldly forces. "In miracles now, ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

miracle-, miracles Not a miracle with inf. (colloquial) not strange, not surprising. When you adopt wisely, then it is not a miracle and you will find benefit from it. Krylov. Miracles in a sieve about what n. unusual or ridiculous. Miracle Yudo (nar. poet.) 1) a fabulous monster. … … Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language

WHALE- a mammal, symbolizing importance and significance due to its size. The archetype of absorption, suction, swallowing. Many peoples revered as a sea god. Often acted as a symbol of the devil: the open mouth of the whale served ... ... Symbols, signs, emblems. Encyclopedia

Wed ... Tsarevich Sees: lies on the golden sand Miracle of the sea with a green tail. M.Yu. Lermontov. Sea queen. Wed Across it lies Miracle Yudo fish whale. All its sides are pitted, Palisades are driven into the ribs, Cheese boron rustles on the tail, The village stands on its back; ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

In the general tripartite (vertically) mythological schemes of the universe, R. serve as the main zoomorphic classifier of the lower space zone and are opposed to birds as a classifier of the upper zone and (less distinctly) large animals (often ... ... Encyclopedia of mythology

Only in combination, the miracle of Yudo the heroes, the miracle of Yudo the whale fish, the miracle of Yudo the waving lip - fabulous and abusive - about the Tatar (Dal), also the miracle of Yudo - as the name of the sea king, in fairy tales. Apparently, this is just a rhyming formation according to ... ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Fasmer

Monster, monster, scarecrow, scarecrow, freak, monster; (childish) beech; cruel, beast, monster, freak (moral). Miracle yudo fish whale. . Tredyac. .. See scarecrow... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.:… … Synonym dictionary

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• Family archive. Materials for the biography of the great artist, Vasnetsov Yu.A. This book is a biography of Yuri Vasnetsov, told through the artist’s hard published letters written from the 1930s to the 1970s and revealing the history of the country and the artistic life of those ...
• Board game "Miracle Yudo fish whale" (T 13563), . Entertaining board game"Wonder Yudo fish whale" will be a great gift for fans of collective games. It is suitable for playing both with the family and in a noisy company at a party.…

The whale is a weighty and solid mythological animal. (I love solidity - see avatar). Cetaceans are the largest known animals that have ever lived on Earth. Scientific name cētus and Russian whale derived from the Greek κῆτος "sea monster".

Ancient whales look somewhat unusual in these pictures - with paws and fangs. But, most surprisingly, it was not pure fiction.

It turned out that the whale had the courage to go "against" the evolutionary process. If all living things strove from the sea to land, then the whale - on the contrary, pushing around on land, considered it good to migrate back - to the seas and oceans.

Whales are believed to have evolved from artiodactyl land mammals that transitioned to a semi-aquatic lifestyle about 50 million years ago.

There are different theories about the origin of whales. Whales were thought to have descended from a group of land mammals called the Mesonychia.

Mesonychia

These creatures looked like wolves, but had hooves like cows and deer. They lived approximately 60 million years ago around the ancient Tethys Sea, in what is now the Mediterranean Sea and part of the Asian subcontinent. Mesonychia probably hunted fish and other aquatic animals in coastal swamps and estuaries. As they spent more and more time in the water, their bodies began to change. They became more streamlined and developed powerful, flattened tails. Their forelimbs gradually turned into fins, and their hind limbs degraded. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat appeared, and the hairline began to disappear. To facilitate breathing from the surface of the water, their nostrils moved to the top of their heads and gradually turned into blowholes.

New molecular genetic data suggest that cetaceans are close relatives of artiodactyls, in particular hippos.

Indochius

Recent studies have shown that the link was the genus Indochius, who lived in Pakistan. This is a small mammal about the size of a domestic cat that lived in lagoons and fed on vegetation. The approximate age of the remains is 48 million years. After analyzing the bones, scientists concluded that the animal had a thick skin, similar in texture to the skin of aquatic mammals such as hippos. Dental analysis also showed that the ancestor of whales, named Indohyus, spent a lot of time in the water. In addition, the skeleton of the animal was too heavy for it to move quickly on land, but in the water this allowed the Indochius to remain at the bottom for a long time. Over time, they lost all connection with the land and acquired new adaptive features, having lost the features characteristic of terrestrial mammals.

In ancient times, all sea monsters, which reached enormous sizes, were called whales.

Ancient Greek myths mentioned at least two "whale" monsters. The first of them, the Ethiopian, was sent by Poseidon to devour Andromeda, the daughter of King Cepheus and Cassiopeia (the latter once declared that she was more beautiful than any Nereid, which caused the wrath of the sea god).

I.Vtevael "Perseus saving Andromeda."

Poseidon sent the second "ketus" to Troy after King Laomedon refused to pay him for the construction of the city walls. The intentions of the monster were standard - to eat the king's daughter, but in the first case, the monster was killed by Perseus, and in the second - by Hercules. Most often, ancient Greek whales were depicted as snake-like creatures with huge teeth.

Hercules kills a whale.

Constellation Cetus.

The constellation Cetus is associated with the myth of Perseus and Andromeda and is located in the sky not far from them.

The constellation Cetus culminates in September - November; its brightest star is called Menkab(Arabic for "nostril").

In the myths that tell about the structure of the surrounding world, the whale occupies one of the main places. For example, in Arabic legends, a huge whale Bahamut is mentioned, on which stands a gigantic bull named Kuyuta. The bull supports a large rock made of a whole ruby, on which, in turn, there is an angel who constantly monitors the balance of the world. According to legend, Bahamut swims in a vast ocean, beneath which lies endless darkness.

The ancient Slavs also believed that our Earth has a flat shape and floats in the midst of a boundless ocean. According to legend, she rests on three huge whales and thirty small ones.
Gradually, the content of various myths underwent significant changes. For example, at first the Earth was supported by seven whales, but over time it became too heavy from the sins committed by people. Four whales could not withstand the increased load and dived into the bottomless abyss. The three whales tried their best, but they were unable to prevent most of the land from sinking. This is what caused the biblical Flood.
According to other sources, there were only four whales at first. When one of them died from no one knows what, almost all land was under water. It is believed that after the death of the remaining three whales on Earth, the end of the world will come.
Most of the legends about whales can be found among the northern peoples, for example, among the Norwegians and Icelanders. In the Middle Ages in Norway, a collection called "The Royal Mirror" was released, where all whales are divided into evil and good.
Good whales often come to the aid of ships in distress and save drowning people, while evil whales often sink sailboats and devour their crews. Most often, evil whales are mentioned in Icelandic traditions, for example, they describe the horse whale, the pig whale, the red whale and the narwhal.

Common features of evil whales include greed and aggressiveness. They always want someone's blood and sail the oceans and seas in search of ships. They attack as follows: they suddenly jump high out of the water and rush at the ship from above, instantly breaking it into small fragments.

Huge whales are often mistaken for islands by seafarers. There is a legend about an Irish Benedictine monk who, as early as the 6th century, made an attempt to find the promised land. Sailing on his ship across the Atlantic Ocean, he suddenly saw an unknown island on the right side of the board. In fact, the supposed island was the back of a huge whale sleeping peacefully on the waves.
The monk and his companions landed on land, hastily erected a small altar and served a thanksgiving service. After a short rest, they boarded the ship again and left the unusual island. Interestingly, the whale, immersed in deep sleep, did not even feel the presence of uninvited guests walking along its back.

The same theme sounds in Arabic fairy tales. In particular, about the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor.

"And we set off to travel by sea and reached an island like the Garden of Eden, and the owner of the ship landed on this island, and cast anchors, and lowered the gangway, and all who were on the ship went down to this island. And they made themselves braziers , and kindled a fire on them, and engaged in various business, and some of them cooked, others washed, and still others walked; and I was among those who walked around the island.
And the travelers gathered together and began to eat, drink, be merry and play; and we were spending so much time, when suddenly the owner of the ship stood on the edge of the deck and shouted at the top of his voice: "O peaceful travelers, hasten to board the ship and hurry to board it! Leave your things and run, saving your soul. Run away while you are safe and The island you are on is not an island, it is a big fish that plunged into the sea and covered it with sand, and it became like an island, and trees have been growing on it since ancient times. fire, she felt the heat and stirred, and now she will sink into the sea with you, and you will all drown. Seek salvation for your soul before death and leave things!
And the travelers heard the words of the captain, and hurried, and hastened to board the ship, and left their things, and belongings, and boilers, and braziers. And some of them reached the ship, and some did not reach, and the island stirred and sank to the bottom of the sea with everything that was on it, and the roaring sea closed over them, where the waves beat. And I was among those who lingered on the island, and plunged into the sea along with those who plunged, but the great Allah saved me and saved me from drowning and sent me a large wooden trough, from those in which people washed. And I grabbed the trough and sat on it, for the sake of the sweetness of life, and pushed off with my feet, like oars, and the waves played with me, throwing me to right and left.

The whale also acts as an island in Ershov's "Humpbacked Horse".

Here they enter the meadow
Directly to the sea-okiyanu;
Across it lies
Miracle-yudo fish-whale.
All sides are pitted
The palisades are driven into the ribs,
Cheese-boron makes noise on the tail,
The village stands on the back;
The men plow on their lips,
Between the eyes the boys are dancing,
And in the oak forest, between the mustaches,
The girls are looking for mushrooms.

In the Christian religion, the whale is considered a symbol of the devil himself. The mouth is the gate of Hell, and the stomach is the seat of Hell. It is there that the prophet Jonah, who disobeyed the Lord, ends up. Tradition says that Jonah once received a command from God to go to Nineveh with a sermon of repentance and a prediction about the death of the city for its wickedness, if the inhabitants of it do not repent. But the prophet, instead of obeying the command of God, went to Joppa (now Jaffa), got on a ship and went to Tarshish, a Phoenician colony in Spain. During the sea voyage, the ship was overtaken by a terrible storm, and the sailors in fear cast lots to find out for whose sins they incurred the wrath of God. The lot fell on Jonah, who confessed his sin of disobedience to God and asked the sailors to throw him into the sea, which they immediately did, and the storm subsided. Meanwhile, according to Divine Providence, Jonah was swallowed up in the sea by a large fish.

"And the Lord commanded the great whale to swallow Jonah; and Jonah was in the belly of the whale three days and three nights.

And Jonah prayed to the Lord his God from the belly of the whale and said: I called to the Lord in my affliction, and He heard me; from the belly of hell I cried out, and you heard my voice. You plunged me into the depths, into the heart of the sea, and the streams surrounded me, all Your waters and Your waves passed over me. And I said: I am cast off from Thy eyes, but I will again see Thy holy temple. The waters have embraced me to my soul; the abyss has shut me in; My head was wrapped in seaweed. I descended to the base of the mountains, the earth with its locks forever barred me; but You, O Lord my God, will bring my soul out of hell. When my soul fainted within me, I remembered the Lord, and my prayer came to you, to your holy temple." (Jonah 2:1-8)

Monument to Keith in Jaffa.

The Bible mentions another sea monster - Leviathan.

Leviathan.

This is how it is described in the Book of Job.

"... who will approach his double jaws? Who can open the doors of his face? The circle of his teeth is horror; his strong shields are splendor; they are sealed, as it were, with a firm seal; one touches the other closely, so that air does not pass between They lie close to each other, interlocked and do not move apart. From his sneezing, light is shown; his eyes are like the eyelashes of the dawn; flames come out of his mouth, fiery sparks jump out; smoke comes out of his nostrils, as from a boiling pot or cauldron. coals make him hot, and flames come out of his mouth. Power dwells on his neck, and terror runs before him. The fleshy parts of his body are firmly knit together, do not tremble. His heart is hard as a stone, and hard as the bottom millstone. When he rises, the strong men are in fear, completely lost in horror. The sword that touches it will not stand, neither the spear, nor the javelin, nor the armor. He considers iron for straw, copper for rotten wood. The daughter of the bow will not put him to flight; slings stones turn to chaff for him. at him for a straw; he laughs at the whistle of a dart. There are sharp stones under him, and he lies in the mud on sharp stones. He boils the abyss like a cauldron, and turns the sea into a boiling ointment; leaves behind a luminous path; the abyss looks gray. There is no one like him on earth; he is made fearless; looks boldly at everything high; he is king over all the sons of pride."

But still, there is no complete certainty that Leviathan is a whale. The interpreters of the Bible doubt whether it is a whale, or a dinosaur, or a sea dragon. Although in modern Hebrew Leviathan is definitely a whale.

In Islam, this animal is one of the ten animals that live in the Muslim paradise.

Among the American Indians of the west coast, the whale is just one of the totems.

In addition to Arabian tales and The Humpbacked Horse, the whale was also noted in later literature. In the 19th century, the most "whale" book of all times and peoples was written.

"Moby Dick" by American Herman Melville.

The story is told on behalf of the American sailor Ishmael, who went on a voyage on the whaling ship Pequod, whose captain, Ahab, is obsessed with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bvengeance on the giant white whale, the whaler killer known as Moby Dick (he once bit off Ahab's leg, and since then the captain uses a prosthesis.)

Ahab orders to constantly watch the sea and promises a golden doubloon to whoever spots Moby Dick first. Sinister events begin to occur on the ship - Captain Ahab finally loses his mind. In addition, having fallen out of the boat while hunting whales and spending the night on a barrel on the high seas, the ship's cabin boy, Pip, is also going crazy.

Meanwhile, the ship is making a circumnavigation of the world. Several times, the Pequod and her boats almost catch up with Moby Dick, collecting large prey from ordinary whales along the way. One day, Moby Dick helps a harpooned whale escape by gnawing through the harpoon line.

In the end, Moby Dick is overtaken by boats from the Pequod; at this time, the ship itself is drifting not far away. Ahab hits Moby Dick several times with a harpoon, gets tangled in a line, is tied to his enemy and drowns. Moby Dick completely destroys all the boats and their crew, except for Ishmael. From the impact of Moby Dick, the ship itself, along with everyone who remained on it, sinks.

A rescue buoy from the ship emerges next to Ishmael, and he, grabbing onto it, remains alive. After some time, he is picked up by a passing ship "Rachel".

The novel contains many digressions from the storyline. In parallel with the development of the plot, the author gives a lot of information, one way or another related to whales and whaling, which makes the novel a kind of "whale encyclopedia". On the other hand, Melville intersperses such chapters with discourses that have a second meaning, symbolic or allegorical, under the practical sense. In addition, he often makes fun of the reader, telling semi-fantastic stories under the guise of instructive stories.

The plot of the novel is largely based on a real incident that happened to the American whaling ship Essex. A vessel with a displacement of 238 tons left the port in Massachusetts in 1819. For almost a year and a half, the crew beat whales in the South Pacific until one sperm whale put an end to it. On November 20, 1820, in the Pacific Ocean, a whaling ship was rammed several times by a giant whale.

20 sailors on three tiny boats reached the uninhabited island of Henderson, which is now part of the British Pitcairn Islands. The further paths of the sailors were divided: three remained on the island, and most decided to go in search of the mainland. Hunger, thirst and cannibalism killed almost everyone, only 95 days after the whale attack, Captain Pollard and another sailor were saved by another whaling ship.

First Officer Chaez, who escaped on another boat, wrote a report about this "adventure". Surprisingly, "Moby Dick" was poorly received by readers and critics, and Melville, previously a successful prose writer, loses all his literary reputation, and is soon completely forgotten.

Japanese southern right whale.

Here the miracle whale fell silent
And, splashing, fell to the bottom.

Petr Pavlovich Ershov - Russian prose writer, playwright, poet. One of his most famous works is The Little Humpbacked Horse. Those who read this tale in verse will surely remember that one of the most striking characters is the Whale Fish. If you have not yet had the pleasure of reading this work, you can do it right now.

Background to writing a masterpiece

Ershov Petr Pavlovich was born on February 22, 1815 in the town of Bezrukovo, Tobolsk province. His father often moved on duty, so Peter had the opportunity to communicate with different people.

The boy listened to the folk tales that formed the basis of his famous work The Humpbacked Horse. As the author himself said, he only slightly modified them, gave the words a poetic form. Opinions about the work were conflicting. So, Belinsky said that there is no Russian spirit in a fairy tale, despite the fact that it is written in Russian words. However, there were many positive reviews. So, A. S. Pushkin, having familiarized himself with the work, said: “Now this kind of composition can be left to me.” With these words, he put the beginning poet on the same level with himself. And it was under the influence of Pushkin's fairy tales that the 19-year-old P. P. Ershov created The Little Humpbacked Horse.

One peasant had three sons. The elder's name was Danilo, he was smart. The middle Gavrilo was "this way and that", and the younger Ivan was a fool at all.

The family grew wheat and sold it. But someone began to trample the crops at night and thereby cause great damage. Then it was decided that all the brothers would take turns on duty. The elder, when he was on duty, was attacked by fear. The young man dug into the hay and lay there all night, so he did not learn anything. The middle brother froze and left his post. Only Ivan managed to understand what was the matter. He saw a beautiful white horse, managed to saddle it and bring it to the shepherd's booth.

As the mare promised him, she gave birth to three horses. Danilo and Gavrilo saw two handsome stallions and secretly took them away for sale. The humpbacked horse consoled the saddened Ivan. He ordered him to sit on his back and rushed after the brothers. From this begins the fairy tale of Ershov, in which the Whale Fish will soon appear.

Trials for a Peasant's Son

The horses were so good that the king bought them in the capital. When the animals were taken to the stable, they ran to Ivan. Then the king appointed him a groom. But the envious sleeping bag could not survive this, he threw the Firebird feather to Ivan and told the king that the guy promised to bring the owner of the feather.

With the help of the humpbacked horse, the young man fulfilled this order of the king. Then a faithful friend helped the guy bring the Tsar Maiden. At the suggestion of the sovereign to become his wife, the girl said that she would not agree until the ring was taken from the ocean floor. It is this event that will bring the reader closer to the next character, who should help get the ring out of the watery depths.

Finding themselves by the ocean, Ivan and the horse saw that Miracle-Yudo Fish-Whale lies across it.

First Encounter with a Giant Island Fish

The whale was extraordinary. It turns out that it has been ten years since he turned into a living island. Further, Ershov describes what the Miracle-Yudo Fish-Whale looks like.

A village stood on its back, there were real houses here. Palisades were driven into the ribs of the poor animal. Men plowed on his lip, mushrooms grew between his mustaches, which the girls were looking for.

Horse and Ivan jumped on a strange creature. The whale fish asked where they came from and where they were going?

They replied that they were leaving the capital on behalf of the Tsar Maiden, heading towards the Sun, which would help them fulfill the girl's task. Having heard, he asked the travelers to ask the Sun how long he would still be in this form and for what sins this punishment. Ivan promised to fulfill the request, and the travelers went on.

Description of the hero of a fairy tale

They will help you find out what a Whale Fish looks like, pictures. It can be seen that a forest grows on its tail. It begins with a birch grove, becoming denser. Dark firs, oaks and other trees are already located there.

Standing on the body of the sufferer Near each of them is a vegetable garden. They plow the land and carry the weight of the horse, which can also be seen in the illustration. On one side of the giant fish is a church where peasants go to pray. On the other - a mill, here they turn grain into flour.

The growth is also covered with his face. It can be seen how the Whale Fish is suffering. Pictures convey the bleak existence of the animal. Although only one of his eyes is drawn, and the other is hidden under vegetation, it is clear what longing and prayer to travelers he is filled with. Will Ivanushka and the skate be able to help him? You will find out about this very soon.

In a palace

The young man and his assistant climbed up to heaven and ended up in the palace of the Tsar Maiden. However, the sun rested here only at night, and during the day they found a month there, but they were glad about this. The night luminary was also happy, having received through messengers the news of his missing daughter, the Tsar Maiden. To celebrate, Month Mesyatsovich told the guests why the Whale Fish suffers. The tale moves on to the next episode, which lifts the veil of secrecy. It turns out that the giant fish swallowed 30 ships. As soon as she releases them back, she will be forgiven and again able to swim freely in the ocean.

Forgiveness

Ivan and the humpbacked man said goodbye to the Moon and set off on their way back. As they approached the ocean, a whale fish saw them. The tale continues, and now there are only joyful moments in it.

The humpbacked man galloped to the peasants to tell them to hurry up and leave this living island, otherwise they would drown. They obeyed, and at noon there was not a single living soul here.

Then only the travelers told the whale how to earn forgiveness. He opened his mouth and all the ships jumped out of it with noise, cannon shots. The rowers sang cheerful songs.

The search for the ring

For those who are interested, a whale is a fish or an animal should be explained. Formerly people they thought it was a giant fish, because the whale lives in the water and is similar in shape to it. But then it turned out that this mammal that breathes air is viviparous, which means it is an animal. But back to the tale.

The whale fish asks his saviors how he can thank them. They said they only wanted the ring. He dived into the abyss of water, called the sturgeon and told them to find the decoration. They searched for a long time, but returned with nothing. They said that only a ruff could find it.

After that, two dolphins went in search of a ruff. He was a reveler and a bully, so finding him was not so easy.

They searched for him in the seas, rivers, lakes, but all in vain. Then the dolphins heard the exclamations and realized that the ruff was in the pond. There he intended to fight with crucians. Here is a story that P. P. Ershov came up with in verse. The whale fish that the sea reveler was brought to tells him to find the chest that contained the ring.

Yorsh said he knew where it all was. He dived into the pool and dug up the coveted chest there, then called the sturgeons, told them to take the find to the whale, and he went about his business.

Happy end of the fairy tale

At this time, Ivan was sitting on the ocean shore and waiting for the Whale Fish to appear. It was already evening, but the surface of the water did not sway. The young man was worried, as the term for the execution of the royal mandate was nearing its end, and he did not yet have a ring. Suddenly the sea began to seethe, and a whale appeared. He gave the chest to the young man, saying that he had fulfilled the request.

Ivan tried to lift the chest, but could not. Then the Humpbacked Bunok easily threw his luggage around his neck, ordered the young man to sit on his back and went to the royal palace. The travelers gave the sovereign a ring, he handed it to the Tsar Maiden and told her to marry him quickly. The girl replied that she was 15 years old and she would not marry an old man. The king-maiden advised him to bathe in cold water, then in hot water and in milk, so that he would turn into a young one.

He decided to first test on Ivan. The young man cringed. The humpbacked man told him that he would help. Indeed, when Ivan jumped into a cauldron of boiling liquid, the skate cooled it down with magical movements. As a result, the young man became handsome and handsome. And the evil king, having jumped into the cauldron, boiled there.

The girl married Ivan, and this is where the fairy tale ends. After reading it, the children can draw a picture. The whale fish will look like a book illustration or will be different from it.

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