Currently, organizing a business in the field of agriculture is a promising and profitable business. There are a number of prerequisites for this. Firstly, it is state support in the form of an opportunity to issue subsidies and preferential loans. Secondly, it is the growth in consumption of dairy products within the country. Thirdly, it is the policy of import substitution in the field of agriculture. As a result, the payback period of the project is 20 months, the break-even point of the project falls on 2 months after the start of work.

To organize a dairy farm, it will be necessary to purchase 120 heads of cattle (hereinafter referred to as cattle). It is also necessary to hire 16 employees. When opening a business, you will need a land plot that must be purchased as a property. The minimum area of ​​the site is 3,200 m2, the hangar (cowshed) - 2,000 m2.

The monthly productivity of the farm is 60,000 liters of milk. It is necessary to purchase already adult cattle, which will give milk immediately. There is no pronounced seasonality in this business, since milk is consumed daily. However, in winter the cost of milk is higher. Farm products are classified as perishable. The wholesale selling price of milk is 32 rubles per 1 liter. Thus, the financial indicators of the project are as follows:

Amount of initial investment - 16 930 000 rubles;

Average monthly profit - 900 000 rubles;

Payback period - 20 months;

Break even - 2 month;

Profitability of sales - 130% .

2. Description of the business, product or service

Today, more and more people want to consume fresh milk and dairy products. At the same time, it is desirable that these products be of domestic production. Also, many people like to buy products directly from farmers. All this testifies to the great prospects for the development of this business.

The main dairy farm product is raw milk. Also, as the business develops, you can open a workshop for the production of dairy products.

For the operation of the farm, a land plot of 3,000 m2 will be required. The site must include:

• hangar / barn
• summer paddock
• warehouse for storage of inventory and equipment
• fodder base

Please note that the hangar should be located next to the pasture. In the case of opening a farm in winter, it is necessary to purchase hay for livestock once. Further, the farm will be able to provide hay for the animals itself. In addition to hay, animals need to be provided with special nutrients in the form of feed. Feed must be purchased once a year.

The next step is to build and prepare a hangar / cowshed to accommodate cattle. You can build a barn from different materials. The flooring can be either wooden or concrete. From the equipment in the barn you will need:

• Storage tank
• Engineering Communication
• stall places
• Milking unit with milk line
• Fences and partitions
• Additional equipment for animal feeding

In addition to technological equipment, hay harvesting and other tasks will require:

• Tractor
• Gazelle
• Mower
• Rake-tedder

Also, for the successful operation of the farm, you will need to choose one of the following milk production technologies:

• loose
• tethered with stall milking
• tethered with milking in a special area

For this business plan, tethered stall milking technology was used, as well as an automated milk collection system.

In addition to the purchase of equipment, the purchase of a land plot and the construction of a hangar, the farmer will need to obtain permission to put the hangar into operation from the fire inspection and a permit from the veterinary service. You will also need to pass inspections for compliance with the quality of products and obtain the appropriate certificate.

To obtain high results from the results of the audit, it is necessary to study the following regulatory framework:

• GOSTs (e.g. 3625-84, 51451-99 and others)
• Federal Law No. 8 "Technical regulations for milk and dairy products"
• Federal Law No. 184 "On Technical Regulation"
• Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation

As a result of compliance with all requirements and producing high quality products, your company will be able to successfully develop and bring constant profit.

3. Description of the market

For a dairy farm, the main success factors are both the quality of the product and the speed of its implementation, since this product is one of the perishable ones.

Dairy plants, processing plants, retail outlets and federal networks are among the main consumers of raw milk. Sales to these customers account for the largest share of the farm's revenue. Also, residents of neighboring houses and villages can purchase your dairy products.

With the development of production, you can purchase an additional installation for the production of dairy products, as well as carry out packaging of products on your own.

The most effective way to load production capacity is to conclude long-term contracts with enterprises. This will avoid downtime and product damage.

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Production plan

To open a dairy farm, you will need the following:

• Register a legal entity - IP
• Choose a land plot
• Acquire land ownership
• Build a hangar / barn and conduct communications
• Purchase equipment and machinery
• Find staff
• Carry out commissioning work
• Buy cattle
• Get started and sell products

Stage/duration, weeks
IP registration
Selection of land
Buying a memory
Hangar construction and communications
Purchase of equipment
Recruitment
Commissioning works
Purchase of cattle
Beginning of work

The first step is to register an individual entrepreneur (OKVED - 01.21 "Cattle breeding"). Taxation system - ESHN. After registration, you will need to open a bank account, since most large customers will pay by bank transfer.

The next step is to select the land and purchase it in the property.

After purchasing the site, you can start building a hangar and conducting engineering communications. Next, you need to purchase and start equipment. The next step is to start recruiting staff and prepare equipment for work together. Next, buy cattle and start work.

6. Organizational structure

For the successful operation of a dairy farm, the following personnel are required:

• Manager
• Administrator (2 persons)
• Milkmaids (3 persons)
• Handymen (2 persons)
• Tractor driver (1 person)
• Sales manager (2 people)
• Vet
• Security guard (3 persons)
• Technologist

The total number of employees is 16 people. The manager can be either the owner of the business or an employee. The main tasks of the manager include the strategic development of the enterprise, work with government agencies, meetings with clients and work with a company that provides promotion services.

The administrator is responsible for the operational management of the enterprise and controls the shipment of products to customers. Milkmaids and laborers are responsible for milk production. The tractor driver works as a driver in winter and is also responsible for harvesting and collecting hay from the field in summer.

Sales managers work with potential clients and process incoming applications, as well as arrange meetings for the company manager.

The veterinarian is responsible for the health of the livestock. The technologist is responsible for the normal functioning of the equipment and its maintenance. Security guards work according to the scheme day / three.

Tab. Payroll fund, rub.

fixed costs	Salary	The number of employees	Sum	Average salary per month per employee
manager
administrator
Handyman
tractor driver

Until recently, the dairy industry in Russia could be described as being in a negative state, with a reduction in production and a drop in the quality of dairy products. But recently there has been a positive trend and the growth of the dairy industry as a whole, the situation is improving. Some retail chains have begun to more often conclude cooperation agreements with Russian farmers, because they produce and process milk. The inhabitants of our country also began to eat more products of their country, local ones and monitor their health.

That is, the demand for dairy products has increased, and the number of people wishing to acquire a farm has increased. At the same time, the demand for raw milk in our country is still greater than the supply. In Russia, milk production was considered profitable for large dairy complexes.

But the shortage of raw materials drew the attention of processors to small producers, while their prices are not too high and the quality of the goods is high.

To assess the prospects for opening a farm, you need to consider the main important points and draw up a business plan for a dairy farm.

The amount of investment depends on the planned scale of production, it is advisable to open a dairy farm with at least 250 head of cattle. After all, even if there are fewer of them, then a decent amount, about 5.5 million rubles, will have to be invested in equipment and arrangement of premises. It will be necessary to build a functional livestock complex, to select qualified and experienced personnel in agriculture.

You can draw up a business plan for a dairy farm yourself or order it from professionals.

milk market

Milk is a strategically important product, its consumption should be approximately 450-500 kg per person per year. In practice, milk consumption is 2 times less than the norm. According to experts, the dairy market is growing by 2-3% every year.

From other countries, milk is imported to us mainly only from Belarus. At the same time, our milk processing capacities are only 70% occupied.

Of the regions of Russia, the leaders in milk production are Tataria, Bashkiria, Altai, Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region.

How to Write a Dairy Farm Business Plan

To draw up a business plan for a dairy farm, you need to study the demand for future products, what trends are on the market, what support programs exist for dairy producers, and pay attention to such complexes that are already successfully operating.

In general, when organizing a farm, it is necessary to focus on modern technologies and processes for keeping cows, their mechanization.

It is possible to increase the profitability of the dairy business through the use of juicy and high-quality feed, mechanized and robotic equipment that automates the accounting of milk yield and cooling.

Modern devices automatically wash products, disinfect them, all this results in high quality milk.

Market analysis

Among the main competitors of Russian dairy farms are large import companies that control some large market segments.

Despite the fact that now the market has a fairly large selection and range of dairy products, this should not scare a new market participant, a businessman can find a niche for his dairy products.

The main thing is to find a golden mean and combine high quality products, affordable prices for consumers, and pleasant packaging in products.

High competition for the manufacturer of perishable products is made up of large enterprises that produce and place their products in packaging that increases the shelf life of the goods. There is also a problem in working with chain stores, their monopolization of the market. Quite high requirements are imposed on the quality of dairy products and their labeling.

All these conditions force a non-large and local manufacturer to buy modern and not cheap equipment for packaging goods, for applying bar codes to product packaging. Not everyone and not always afford to bear such costs.

After proper production, packaging of goods, it must be sold. It is also not easy to sell dairy products through large retail chains.

To do this, you must first make a sufficiently large entry fee, payment for the goods is made with a delay of twenty days, and the goods that are not sold on time are returned.

But even considering all the difficulties, opening your own dairy farming business is quite profitable and attractive. Because at present the state is trying to restore this type of business in Russia so that there is import substitution, and for this it creates assistance and support for farmers.

How to make a production plan for setting up a dairy farm

In order to create and establish the production of a dairy business, you need to understand and form the main stages. This:

There are certain requirements for the premises, it must have several departments - maternity, milking, a department where calves and dairy cows will live.

It is necessary to choose and buy modern and high-tech equipment for production on a dairy farm, in the long run, this will help save on production, because high-quality goods will be produced according to modern requirements and standards.

To work on modern equipment, qualified employees are needed, saving on this can lead to even greater costs.

Drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm

When drawing up a financial plan for a dairy farm and planning expenses and income, you need to pay attention to such periods when there are normal expenses and no income.

For example, animals always need to buy food, pay for utilities, but cows cannot be milked.

Therefore, it would be right to form a reserve capital in advance, because other circumstances may arise, for example, illness.

You can try to save money on your own, by harvesting fodder, and organizing the retail sale of milk, and this is more profitable than donating milk as a raw material.

When planning a financial plan for a dairy farm, you need to know which option you will have:

• farm on an industrial scale , this is the presence of 50, 100 or 200 heads of cattle. On such a scale, it is possible to receive a good income, while the initial investment will be significant, since such a business will require modern and functional equipment, automated equipment, a large plot of land, and a large number of animals.

To purchase a modern milking and milking unit, a calf barn for animals, you will need about 6-7 million rubles.

It is worth saying that by purchasing expensive equipment right away, you can significantly save on paying the salaries of employees.

When buying cows, you will have to pay about 30-40 thousand rubles for each, depending on the breed of livestock and the availability of the necessary vaccinations.

If you make a calculation for a number of one hundred heads, then you will need to pay about 2.5-4 million rubles for a herd.

How to Organize a Startup Schedule for a Dairy Farm

Before opening a dairy farm, you need to register, for example, as a peasant farm.

Usually, with this form, we are talking about opening a family business, when one person becomes the head of the household, the rest as members and employees of the household.

The process of opening a dairy farm consists of the following steps:

1. Development of a business plan. Term - 1 month.
2. Company registration.
3. Search for the required premises.
4. Purchase of animals and feed for them.
5. Purchase of equipment.
6. Search for channels for the sale of products.
7. Beginning of the dairy farm.
8. Preparation of a marketing plan and search for a sales market

The development of any project implies the presence of a sales market and a clear understanding of the future range of goods.

You can organize the sale of manufactured products in the following ways:

At the beginning of the farm, when there is still an intermittent milk yield, you can sell goods in small markets and hire employees for this.

Risks

There is a need for milk on the Russian dairy market, so you can find a niche for your product. If the product competes well, then imported goods can be forced out of the market.

However, in the process of work, it is necessary to take into account the various risks that will need to be overcome in order for the financial situation to be sustainable.

First of all, this price risks in the production and sale of milk, the cost of buying feed and wages. The dairy business itself is risky, if there is a drought or, on the contrary, too much moisture, this can seriously undermine the financial situation of the farmer.

Eat financial, political and labor risk . This, for example, is the constant availability of money to pay bills, own funds. This characterizes the solvency of the farmer.

Risks accompany uncertainty, unpredictability and instability in different situations. And, of course, it cannot be completely avoided, but it is necessary to strive.

The organization of a dairy business requires an investment of money and effort, especially at the initial stage it will be difficult. Gradually, the workflow will improve, and income will be stable, and over time it will be possible to increase production.

Relatively recently, an urgent issue arose - import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products are currently urgently needed, and therefore - an actual product. In this regard, novice entrepreneurs began to increasingly wonder about opening their own farm.

How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.

This area has not lost its relevance, and will never lose. Millions of potential consumers of the final product live in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever. But such a large-scale scope for a novice entrepreneur is not always achievable.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide the products of his own region, and, as production grows, you can start thinking about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

A farm may engage in the following activities:

• livestock breeding;
• vegetable growing;
• Crop and seed production;
• Production of products from own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy to get for a novice entrepreneur.

How to register a farm under the law?

Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant (Farmer) Farms” is responsible for regulating this type of activity. This type of business is registered as a peasant farm.

It involves certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the household receives , and information about the KFH is entered in

Create a farm any able-bodied persons over 18 years of age. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are accepted into it when they reach the age of 16 years. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on hiring workers or any limitation in their number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for the creation of a peasant farm

1. Agreement between members of the economy on its creation. Not required if the household is organized by one person. A sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Farm Registration Application (Form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap…
3. Passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
4. Receipt of in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance is that the head of the farm must pay the receipt using his own data, otherwise the tax office will simply not accept it.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Documents for registration can be submitted in person, send certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes a standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for IP.

Important! If the head of the farm is already registered as an individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm for himself.

What to do to get subsidies to start a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for opening a farm, at the initial stage, you will need to come to the Employment Center and register. It is not necessary to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the self-employment program, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if necessary) It is worth choosing banks with state support. The most optimal choice is Rosselkhozbank, which has special loans issued for the development of agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own the land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large amounts, you will need to provide a deposit

We will talk more about the costs of starting your own business below.

There is also an option to attract investors - they can act as members of the farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between the members of the farm), they will receive a share in the profits.

And now - about the main thing. Consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with numbers and calculations.

Farming: business plan with calculations

rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are relatively profitable farm animals. From them they get skins and meat, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their greatest disadvantage.

If several rabbits fall ill, almost the entire livestock will eventually die, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating the livestock, and by obligatory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Basic Rules

It is forbidden:

• To allow crowding, overpopulation of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• To plant new rabbits to the main livestock without prior quarantine;
• Neglect mandatory vaccination;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated rooms.

Subject to these simple rules and proper feeding, breeding problems should not arise. For breeding, rabbits of directly meat breeds (not mixed and not fur) should be chosen. These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized by a high growth rate, as a result of which, by 4-5 months, young animals can be slaughtered. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

The cost of equipping a rabbit farm (business plan) with a capacity of up to 1000 heads per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for a 3-month-old young
Purchase of feed	Compound feed, hay, mineral supplements	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Building a shed or barn	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Buying cells	Based on 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring	1 person (optional)	180 000 rubles per year
Equipment for slaughter and waste disposal		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	Carcass storage	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50 000 rubles per year

Profits from a rabbit farm

Calculation of net profit: 1,300,000 - 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then the net profit will be 1,135,000 rubles a year from a small population of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the volume of livestock can be increased very quickly, due to which profits will also begin to grow. It should also be noted that dressed rabbit skins in large volumes are purchased at a higher price.

Dairy farm business plan

Consider a plan for a small dairy farm for 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will be a relevant area, in addition, cows and calves are also meat. The average cost of a pair of veal - 200-300 rubles per kg (wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.

Attention! The free business plan provided for download below is an example. The business plan that best suits the conditions of your business must be created with the help of specialists.

When purchasing a business plan template, you need to keep in mind that it is advisory in nature and serves as the basis for developing your own strategy. A successful example of using an inexpensive business plan was shared by the owner of a dairy mini-farm from the Kaliningrad region, Mazhitova Elena Vladimirovna.

Dairy farm business plan

How a combination of circumstances can change our lives

I do not belong to the category of people who are not satisfied with their lifestyle, place of residence, and any move is like death for me. And if it were not for life circumstances, I would still live in Kazakhstan and work as a teacher in a kindergarten.

But it so happened that I had to move with my two children to my parents in the small town of Gusev, Kaliningrad region. I understood perfectly well that without a garden and my own household, I could not raise children. Therefore, I bought a house with a plot in the nearest village.

At first, she traded vegetables and pickles of her own production at the market, then she started breeding chickens, and then raised money for a cow.

Helped brother, who lives in Germany, and created by that time a small construction business.

Gradually formed a circle of regular customers who trust my products.

But I didn’t even think about turning this occupation into a profitable, highly productive business.

It was my brother who came up with the idea to start his own dairy farm.

But then I had no idea how to organize it all.

In addition, it seemed to me that it was simply unrealistic to sell a large amount of milk. But at the same time, I literally got excited about this idea, and the thought of creating my own, at least a small farm, did not let me go.

There were a lot of questions, but not enough knowledge.

Long digging on the Internet added confusion and fog to my thoughts. I tried to ask questions on the forums, but it seems that there are no professionals there, only losers who talk about the unprofitability of this business.

This continued until there was a clear understanding of the need to highlight key points and calculate the required amount of investment. I had no experience in building such documents, and I didn’t have the opportunity to order a plan for crazy money either.

Therefore, it was decided to buy an inexpensive template, on the basis of which I can calculate how much money the creation of a mini-farm may require, when and what income from it I can count on.

The business plan template helped me get my bearings and get a clear idea of ​​the practical steps to start my business:

• Decide on the number of livestock and breed of cows;
• Find a place to keep them;
• Purchase of equipment;
• Purchase of feed;
• Engagement of personnel;
• Market search.

In fact, it turned out like this: at first, a room was found - a former cowshed, with an area of ​​​​almost 1000 square meters. m, designed for 50 heads.

It was supposed to include all the necessary departments:

• To accommodate dairy cows;
• To accommodate dry cows;
• Maternity ward;
• Milking shop;
• Calf section.

All these sectors required appropriate equipment. In addition, the building was in need of refurbishment. The walls, floor and ventilation were in an unusable condition.

Considering all this plus feed, the funds needed for the launch turned out to be rather big - more than 12 million rubles. - an unrealistic amount for me at that time.

Even taking into account the loan at low interest rates, I would not have pulled the monthly payment. But payments must be made from the first month. Therefore, it was decided to start with ten dairy cows with the possibility of development in the future.

I had small savings, my brother promised to transfer part of the funds, but most of it had to be taken on credit. Based on an approximate business plan, I wrote down all the smallest nuances point by point, and independently calculated the amount needed to start.

Today, the livestock of my farm is more than 50 animals, including heifers and calves. The main share of milk is purchased by a local dairy, a small part is sold on the market.

There are really a lot of difficulties in this matter, but the goals that I set for myself thanks to the business plan are gradually being realized.

Dairy Farm Business Plan Free

Some useful information and a brief presentation of the dairy farm business plan:

Milk production business plan

The emerging need for import substitution of food products made it possible for domestic dairy and cattle breeding farms to feel more free in the market and increase production volumes.

In the new conditions, this business becomes especially attractive. Strengthening state support at the federal and regional levels is also aimed at the emergence of new dairy farms.

If you have decided and are ready to devote yourself to this particular type of activity, then the first and mandatory step should be to draw up a business plan.

It will clearly show what is needed to achieve the goals of the project and how much money will be required for this. It depends on the goals set and the planned size of production.

This business plan defines the following goals:

• Creation of a self-sufficient economy capable of paying back the invested funds within two years;
• Filling the market with quality products;
• Making profits.

Necessary credit funds to launch the project - 9,900,000 rubles.
Interest on the granted loan - 674520 rubles.
Planned profit for two years - 157060323 rubles.

Project description

Premises are required to set up a dairy farm. His choice must be commensurate with the number of livestock, given that for 600 individuals, according to the norms, there should be at least 40,000 square meters.

You can start with a population of 100 cows that are currently milking, excluding heifers, heifers and bulls, etc. These hundred heads will be the main source of income for the first time, until the heifers calve.

It is best if, in addition to the dairy herd, it is heifers rather than heifers that are bought, since the former are able to generate income in 3-4 months, while it will take much longer to wait for returns from the latter.

The cost of heifers is in the region of 12-20 thousand, and if we are talking about an elite breed, it reaches 60 thousand rubles.

By the way, despite the high prices, a herd consisting of highly productive cows is much more profitable in the end:

• the volume of milk is twice as high;
• the costs for feed, premises, milking equipment, maintenance personnel are halved.

Table number 1. Potential of milk consumers in Russia

A building for a farm can be built, purchased or rented. It is most profitable to rebuild an old, abandoned cowshed, of which there are enough in our country. If you need to build from scratch, it is better to stay at the frame hangar. It can make windows and ventilation.

It is necessary to distribute cows into 4 workshops according to physiological criteria in this period.

Each of the workshops is focused on its functions:

1. Caring for dry cows - creating a special diet;
2. Department of calving;
3. Distribution and insemination;
4. Milk production.

Feed supply

For the first time, you need to provide the necessary supply of feed, and later it is worth organizing your own feed production. In this regard, it is planned to sow pastures and hayfields with perennial cultivated grasses.

For a complete diet you need:

• alfalfa-cereals;
• legumes and cereals;
• clover-cereal plants;
• voluminous feed;
• compound feed - you can organize your own feed mill.

Table number 2. Growth of participants in the milk production market in Russia

Equipment for milk processing business plan

• milking parlors - "Herringbone", "Carousel", or robots for voluntary milking;
• milk cooling tanks;
• milk pipeline;
• feeding line;
• automatic brushes for cows;
• hoof care machine;
• systems for drinking and heating water, etc.

Dairy products are one of the most demanded on the market. The situation for farmers is now the most favorable in terms of state support and low competition.

And most importantly, do not miss the chance to join the ranks of the first entrepreneurs who came because of the need for import substitution. Right now it will be easier to establish partnerships and a sales market - so many proposals have not yet appeared that the demand for goods will disappear.

Demand for natural raw milk in Russia exceeds supply. The constant shortage of this product is a good prerequisite for opening your own dairy farm. The profitability of production in some regions of the country reaches 40%, which implies a payback of the dairy business within 2-3 years. Before considering in detail the business plan of a dairy farm, it is worth knowing the place of this product in the diet of Russians, the prospects for the development of dairy production.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs: 5-6 million rubles
Relevant for cities with a population:for the countryside
Situation in the industry:high competition
The complexity of organizing a business: 4/5
Payback: 3-4 years

Overview of the dairy industry in the country

Milk is on the food safety list. It is an essential product, like bread. But, in Russia, until 2000, the percentage of production of this product was steadily falling, and only by 2015 there was a significant increase in the production of milk and dairy products.

Today, an interesting trend is emerging - a growing number of small dairy farms registered as small businesses. These small enterprises have overtaken large agricultural enterprises in such indicators as:

• increase in the number of dairy herds;
• increasing the productivity of dairy cows;
• increase in the marketability of products.

Small dairy business became especially active after the introduction of state support for the state program "Development of dairy farming". Farmers in this area cooperate directly with dairies, a third of them sell milk on their own.

Since the level of initial investment in the dairy business is quite high, and the payback is expected to take 3-5 years, farmers should focus on modern technologies for keeping and feeding cows, on robotic installations and mechanization.

It is also necessary to consider in the business plan not only the production of raw milk, but also in the future - its processing and obtaining various dairy products. This will undoubtedly require additional investment. With such an unprofitable business, investing is quite risky. Read about how to write a competent business plan.

All countries practice state support for the development of agricultural enterprises. In Russia, there is also such state assistance to entrepreneurs engaged in the production of agricultural products.

Support and lending for dairy production

The milk production business is costly and requires significant investment. The state provides support to milk producers under several programs:

• subsidy per liter of commercial milk sold. Subsidized milk is only of the highest grade.
• Subsidizing interest on loans through accredited banks.

Reimbursement of a certain part of the costs of business projects. The return of funds is carried out up to 40% of investments for modernization and re-equipment, for the purchase of highly productive livestock - up to 50%. Refunds are made no earlier than 2 years after the launch of the milk production project.

Part of the costs for the construction of livestock facilities is compensated - up to 20%, for the purchase of agricultural equipment - up to 20%.

Business organization

When starting work on a milk production business project, an entrepreneur needs to assess his capabilities and the availability of resources for development. In developing a business plan, it is important to carefully consider each stage. The first stage in this document is the formal organization of the business.

When choosing the organizational and legal form of the enterprise, it is necessary to build on the number of animals for the dairy farm. If a dairy farm is designed for 50 or more heads, then it is more rational to register an enterprise in the form of an individual entrepreneur. To do this, you must have an authorized capital of at least 10,000 rubles, an approved business plan and a package of permits from organizations such as:

• fire inspection;
• veterinary service;
• Rosprirodnadzor.

Later, more quality certificates will be required for products that pass veterinary control.

To organize a mini-farm for 10 heads, it is enough to register a farm, including family members in it.

The stages of the project implementation follow a certain algorithm:

• lease or purchase of land;
• construction or reconstruction of premises for farms and outbuildings;
• purchase of livestock of dairy cows;
• search for sales of products.

Buying a plot, building a farm

Of course, the milk production business begins with the search for a land plot. For a small farm, you need a plot with an area of ​​​​1 thousand m², on which a cowshed, a summer paddock and outbuildings for feed and equipment will be built. The best option is when the site is located next to natural pastures and a pond.

The premises for keeping animals must comply with the requirements for these facilities:

• the presence of a floor with a drain for liquid sewage;
• plastered and whitewashed walls;
• good ventilation;
• arrangement of the farm with water supply, electricity and a heating system for the cold season.

Buying animals

Buying cows will require a lot of money. To purchase 50 dairy cows, it will take from 4 million rubles or more, since the average cost of one animal is approximately 80 thousand rubles. The cost of acquiring animals varies depending on the breed and age of the animals.

If you buy young cattle instead of dairy cows, then the profit from the farm will be pushed back by at least one year.

The best dairy breeds are considered Holstein, black-and-white, Kholmogory, Dutch. They give the highest milk yield and good milk in all respects.

Necessary equipment

For farms with 50 heads, specialized equipment will already be required: stalls, partitions, drinkers, milk coolers, equipment for the maternity ward, etc.

This will require significant investment. But the costs will pay off by saving the wages of hired workers and optimizing the main production processes. After all, automated lines for the distribution of feed, drinkers, automation of milking animals are a direct way to reduce wasteful costs.

Farm inventory and special equipment are also needed. This primarily applies to vehicles. A tractor is needed to transport feed and waste. Tractor attachments make it easier to harvest hay and perform various chores.

Staff

The number of employees will depend on the amount of work on the farm. Undoubtedly, milkmaids and animal care workers are needed. At first, four people are enough - two milkmaids and two workers. Given the automation of production processes, they can work in shifts. The issues of accounting and organization of distribution channels need to be taken over by the entrepreneur. Veterinarian services will be provided as needed.

As production expands, the staff of the dairy farm needs to be increased. It can include a farm manager, an accountant, a marketer, additional units of workers for transport and a farm.

Veterinary service

Fixed costs include the cost of veterinary services. A year, veterinary care can cost up to 50 - 100 thousand rubles. These are the necessary services of a veterinarian for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the udder, reproductive organs, and hooves. You also have to contact the veterinary service for quality control of products.

Sales channels

One of the most important issues in the dairy business is the issue of marketing products. During the launch of the project, it is necessary to find sources for the sale of milk and conclude appropriate agreements with them. These are primarily large processing enterprises: dairies and dairy plants.

You can also organize your own sales of products, supplying them to the market, to children's institutions, to hospitals, canteens and other organizations that use milk as a food product or raw material for processing.

Dairy production options

The best option for the production of dairy products is the production of pasteurized milk. For the production of this product, equipment is needed:

• milk storage tank;
• modules for powdered milk;
• units for purification, homogenization of milk and additives;
• centrifugal and degreasing separators;
• coolers;
• pasteurizer;
• packing machines;
• sinks;
• refrigerating chambers.

The need for this or that equipment is determined by the scale of production. Its cost may vary, depending on the manufacturer. To establish production, in addition to production facilities and equipment, qualified personnel with the education of a milk production technologist are needed.

Milk production technology

The whole process is divided into several stages:

• milk is cleaned in a centrifugal separator. Cream remains in the separator, which is used as an additive according to the percentage of fat content.
• After separation, the milk undergoes heat treatment (pasteurization), as this guarantees the presence of foreign impurities in it.
• In order to grind fat droplets in milk, it goes through a homogenization process, after which these droplets become almost invisible.
• Automated packaging of milk, for which cardboard containers are used;
• Stamping date of manufacture and expiration date.

Of course, for a novice entrepreneur to master another line of business - milk processing - is very difficult both financially and organizationally. The development of such a line of activity is possible at the stage of expanding the main activity - the production of raw milk.

Cost, revenue and payback calculations

Calculating the profitability of a dairy farm must begin with investment. Their size depends on many factors. One of the main ones is the scale of production. Consider a financial plan for organizing a dairy farm for 50 heads.

The implementation of the project of such a farm can amount to 5-6 million rubles. Here
includes the installation of a farm area of ​​about 1000 sq. m. Next, you should take into account the cost of summing up various communications: water supply, electricity, heating system. According to average prices, the cost of work can be 100 - 200 thousand rubles.

Equipment for a dairy farm is a rather expensive, but necessary item of the project. It will require at least 2-2.5 million rubles. The purchase of such special equipment as the MTZ-80 tractor and the Gazelle-type truck will be within 3 million rubles. You need to buy attachments for the tractor, which in itself is quite expensive. But you can’t do without it on a dairy farm, since with its help a lot of specific and necessary work is performed. Another 500 thousand rubles can be added for the purchase of such equipment.

The purchase of high-yielding cows will cost around 4 million rubles. Thus, the total investment can be from 10 to 14 million rubles.

Expenses

• Salary for workers (four people). If we take an average of 30,000 rubles per month for each, then for the year the salary costs will amount to 360,000 rubles. Plus 30% insurance contributions to the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund, which will amount to 108 thousand rubles.
• Feed prices may vary. If hay is harvested by production forces, then this item of expenditure will be much reduced. But, if you buy all the feed, then the costs will be very tangible. On average, this is 1.5-2 million per year for 50 heads.
• The cost of the veterinary service is approximately 100 thousand rubles per year.
• Utility payments - 80 thousand rubles.
• Other expenses: fuel and lubricants, repair of premises, equipment and machinery, etc. Approximately 150 thousand rubles a year should be allocated for this article.

Income

Income from a dairy farm depends on various factors: the productivity of the herd, the selling price of milk, the cost of transport for transporting products. If we take the average annual milk yield from each cow - 5000 liters, then from 50 heads we should expect 250,000 liters. The average cost of one liter of milk in different regions of the country can vary widely. If we take the average price - 25 rubles, then the farm income of 50 heads will be 6,250,000 rubles.

From this amount it is necessary to subtract the Unified Agricultural Tax, 6% and you get 5,875,000.

Thus, the payback of a dairy farm is quite low and can be at least 3-4 years even with a good set-up.

Calculations for a farm of 10 heads

For a 10-head mini-farm, all calculations must be divided by 5, since the previous calculations were made for a 50-head farm. That is, investments can amount to -2-3 million rubles. It must be borne in mind that with such a minimal investment, building a farm is out of the question. The best option would be to rent a small adapted room, which must be equipped to a minimum.

On such a mini-farm, manual labor will prevail, but there is no point in attracting hired workers. Such a farm is best maintained by one family. The prospect of developing such a farm is rather problematic. The viability of a mini-farm will depend on the diligence and patience of the entrepreneur.

Provided that the products of this farm will be in high demand, such a business has room for expansion. It is possible by increasing the livestock in their own herd, additional purchases of adult animals, special equipment, and, ultimately, the construction of a new farm.

Finally

Considering the relevance of the dairy farm business in this article, we can draw a certain conclusion. Undoubtedly, this type of entrepreneurship is quite costly and time-consuming. Its profitability, despite the demand for products, is quite low.

In order to attract interested people to this area of ​​activity, the state provides financial support to the dairy business, which was mentioned above. Today, the production of raw milk in the country is growing at a good pace.

This is an indicator that there are representatives of small businesses who are interested in working in this area of ​​production. Therefore, self-confident people who want to start this business should take advantage of government assistance and try themselves in this business.

DeLaval Family Dairy Program in Russia - turnkey dairy farm