Models for the provision of social services and social support. Features of interdepartmental interaction in the provision of social and educational services, taking into account the requirements of professional standards Shulga Tatyana Ivanovna. These include

A certain stage in the provision of social services is called the 60s of the 20th century, when this area developed especially rapidly. This period was characterized by intensified industrial development, accelerated urbanization and population movements. In many countries of Europe and America, the possibilities for providing social services have been significantly expanded, and the network of treatment, rehabilitation and educational institutions has been expanded.

his essentially the whole sphere provision services in the social sphere has become an institution operating in the system of social relations - the satisfaction of collective interests, that is, the protection of the interests of the entire society as a whole, at the same time does not infringe on the interests of an individual. The provision of social services is closely related to such concepts as the well-being of individuals and society. This concept in its most general form can be formulated as an attempt to create a society in which each member would have the opportunity to realize their needs, would develop in accordance with the values accepted by this society, and would be protected by this society from social and natural disasters. Any modern industrialized state has a socially oriented economic policy, which is implemented by state, public, and private institutions.

At the end of the 80s, due to the economic crisis, the approach to developing the social services sector changed somewhat. The emphasis is on the socio-ideological model that was proposed by liberal-conservative politicians, in particular the transition to a mixed form of providing social services, most of which must be paid for by the citizens themselves. Despite criticism regarding inefficiency and unprofitability for a market economy, none of the modern official politicians, both in the West and in the East, is going to (or rather, is not able to change the opinion that the development of social services is actually a stabilizer of social life, and their development is the key to improving the quality of life of people. Otherwise, modern society will lose signs of civilization, conditions for stable social development. Solving current problems and meeting needs. How personal and social gives rise to new needs, new problems, and, moreover, usually more complex and less solvable by traditional methods.

The sphere of provision of social services is internally contradictory: on the one hand, it is oriented to existentially help the individual, stimulates his individualization, and on the other hand, it does not contradict the social policy of the state and maintain social order in society.

In the scientific literature, highlighting foreign experience, various economic models (they can be considered marketing) for meeting social needs are distinguished - Anglo-Saxon (or neo-American) and Rhenish. For both models, social standards for the level and quality of life of an individual and society as a whole are guidelines for socio-economic development. The market economy with its certain advantages is only the path to satisfying human social needs. This approach was developed by German scientists in the middle of the 20th century and implemented in Germany in the form of the “German economic miracle.” Then other states joined this understanding of economic processes. The advantages of this approach lay in its basic principles: reliance on the law and guarantees of respect for rights for all business entities and all segments of the population; equal opportunity for free employment, realization of labor and intellectual potential, and provision of one’s social needs on this basis; the general responsibility of all members of society for its well-being, with the joint concern of all members of society for those who are not yet or no longer working, based on a developed system of social protection; the responsibility of the state for developing and observing rules of behavior in the market, preventing the destructive actions of market forces (unemployment, crisis, inflation, confrontation between rich and poor); recognition of the social partnership system as the main mechanism for achieving social cohesion and peace; orientation towards the preservation and development of the cultural, moral and spiritual heritage of the people.

However, these principles, implemented in different regions and countries, have acquired their own special forms. Under such circumstances, a need arose for a concept that could accommodate originality without losing the universality of the principles that are being implemented. This became the concept of a “marketing model”.

The marketing model reflects various historical, geographical, demographic, ethnic values and other characteristics of different countries, but the criteria for approaching such a model is the priority in the general state policy of social tasks that ensure: social sustainability and the absence of social conflicts in the country (region); the share of the population below the poverty line and does not exceed the unemployment rate; unemployment rate not exceeding the “natural” level (up to 5%); differentiation of the population by income at the natural-economic level (decile differentiation coefficient at a level not higher than 1:10); Life expectancy in the country exceeds the world average. Taking these aspects into account, the first model includes the states of North America and Great Britain, and the second, the “Rhine” model, includes Germany, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden and other countries. In addition, it should be noted that the social direction of the service sector is not so much a tribute to humanism, society and its problems, but rather an objective and more urgent need. This need at the stage of industrial development was determined by the fact that the main actors of the economic process - employers (owners of the means of production) were forced to understand and admit that without satisfying social needs in full, without providing high-quality social services to other subjects - hired workers - they cannot simply unable to realize its main interest - profit maximization.

In addition, the economy of the XX-XXI centuries. is the economy of intelligence and smart technologies. Wealth comes from the mind, not from machines - this is the new paradigm and the new reality of the economy, this is the “salt” of the new economy. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly clear that employers need to seek and multiply, first of all, the intellectual resource of their enterprise, “company” and the economy as a whole. And this resource is formed, unlike machine tools, not by the economy, but by society. The entire economy, thus, becomes dependent on the quality and intelligence of human resources (and the main one!), and therefore becomes interested in the development of the provision of social services.

The division into non-American and Rhenish models of providing social services is quite conditional, because we are talking about a model of social policy instrumentation, various forms of implementation of the concepts of public and social welfare. And natural cycles of economic fluctuations make their own adjustments to the provision of social services to the population. Over the past decades, the social policy of most European countries, starting with G. Reagan in the USA and M. Thatcher in the UK, has been aimed at either maintaining the same level or even increasing the gap between the poor and the rich. The problem of employment and its relationship with social services has become especially acute in Sweden, Canada, Spain, India and the USA.

The economic crisis caused many Western European countries to return to conservative social policies; the concept of the "welfare state" was effectively abandoned in Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Israel and other countries. The new social policy minimized society's responsibility for the existence of individual social problems and was aimed more at meeting the individual needs of “weakened” groups of the population, rather than improving the quality of life of all its citizens.

The direction of social services depends largely on tradition. For example, the tradition of individualism and its antipode, the tradition of cooperation, has given rise to different perceptions of models for meeting social needs in the USA and Sweden. Traditions of kinship and kinship ties are characteristic of most social service delivery systems, but in some countries, especially those (Iran, China, India), they are basic in their organization. For example, social services in private hospitals, sanatoriums and private home care for elderly people are a common practice in developed Western countries and are not yet indicative in Asian countries, where older people traditionally have high authority in the system of family ties and care for them - it is a matter exclusively of the family, and not of individual organizations or institutions.

In all countries of the world, with the exception of (Sweden, Finland, Iceland), the social service system is financed almost on a residual basis. Currently, a mixed model for the provision of such services is widespread in countries around the world: in Germany, France, Sweden, Canada, Brazil, public, non-governmental, non-profit and private social services operate complementary to each other; In the US and UK, priority in the field of social services belongs to public, private and commercial services, the number of which is constantly increasing.

As already noted, the state’s social policy determines the priority areas of social services and is the actual implementation of social aspirations and social interests of groups and individuals. These priorities change depending on the specific conditions of the socio-economic development of a particular state.

Thus, in Germany, the core of the understanding and provision of social services is the sociality of the state, the concept of which arose after the Second World War and which is understood as the state’s concern for “giving economic reality a human face and social justice.” It should be noted that social policy in the Constitution is recreated “not in the merciful popularity of a certain charity, but appears as a result of the care of the social state.” By the way, this meant a radical return in the understanding of social policy in general in the history of various countries of the world.

The state's concern for meeting human needs is reflected in the idea of competition as conscientious market competition. This policy is enshrined in a number of laws: anti-cartel laws, trademark laws, patent laws, prevention of unfair competition, product quality guarantees, etc. An integral part of the German social policy model is strong legal protection for employees. And above all this tariff autonomy. The German Constitution contains general provisions on freedom of choice of profession and workplace and also guarantees the freedom to conclude tariff agreements. This means tariff autonomy, which is associated with the absence of direct government intervention in agreements regarding management and working conditions. In accordance with the Law on Tariffs and some other legislative acts, the subjects of tariff agreements are trade unions and employers or their associations. In the event that there are no such agreements, the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Security determines tariff conditions that are mandatory for everyone, and on the basis of this, a mandatory “tariff salary” is determined for all workers in the industry.

The Labor Law provides for the provision by the state of retraining and advanced training services. Such measures mean the participation of the state in the formation and accumulation of human capital, and through it contribute to the growth of the worker’s standard of living.

Compulsory social insurance is a guarantee of receiving the necessary social services. In the German model, this includes: pension insurance, sickness insurance, unemployment insurance, as well as a minimum of social assistance.

Social services are provided in Austria according to the principles of the Rhineland model.

One of the most progressive social systems was founded in this country. All workers and their families are insured against risks; the social balance between childless and families with children is carried out through unified insurance to this day.

The General Law on Social Insurance secured the social rights of workers. With the adoption of the law, three most important tasks were completed: the codification of social law, its “austrification” after the period of National Socialist domination and occupation, and, finally, a number of improvements to the already achieved conditions, for example, the freedom to choose a doctor, the thirteenth salary and a salary supplement for pensioners .

In the 50s, there was an urgent reform of social services for older people. This meant that these institutions needed to find a new model in serving these people. Examples for the reorganization were Danish and Swedish nursing homes, where residents received their own housing. In 1960, the board of trustees of the Vienna retirement homes was founded. In 1997, the retirement homes were renamed senior housing. With the participation of social services, older people have the opportunity to stay in their homes longer. In addition, aid stations have appeared in these institutions.

A progressive marketing approach to meeting the social need for housing has turned the Austrian capital, Vienna, into the largest and most successful public housing owner in Europe.

By the end of the 19th century, the working class population lived in barracks for a time in absolutely unacceptable conditions. To solve the problem, at the turn of the century, attempts were made to build the first residential buildings for workers. In order to end poverty in overcrowded neighborhoods, the local council adopted a five-year housing construction program for the first time on September 21, 1923, which provided for the construction of 25 thousand apartments using tax revenues.

In modern conditions, priority is given to the construction of so-called “superblocks” with such integrated facilities for collective use as centralized laundries, kindergartens, antenatal clinics, public libraries, halls for events and meetings, workshops, retail premises and consumer cooperatives. All this, of course, had strong political motives, which made it possible to build about 65 thousand new apartments over ten years.

Today, 5 thousand new apartments are being built annually, and old ones are being renovated. These measures are not so much aimed at improving the quality of life, but rather represent an important factor that helps solve the problem of employment: construction work carried out in Vienna can additionally create more than 20 thousand jobs per year.

In one other large city in Europe there is no such ratio between the supply of apartments and the number of residents as in Vienna and, probably, it is for this reason that rents for housing in Vienna do not exceed the European average. The introduction of general government benefits to cover rental costs allowed the city to take an important step towards social justice. Families living in rented apartments and houses can receive government assistance. In total, about 62 thousand Viennese families receive rental assistance and assistance for young families.

Of the 1.6 million inhabitants living in Vienna, one in four lives in communal housing. In total, there are about 220,000 communal apartments in the capital. Thus, the city is the largest "house management" in Europe. Every year about 10 thousand communal apartments are distributed in Vienna. Since 1994, approximately a third of the apartments (68,842 apartments) have been rebuilt. More than half of these communal buildings were built between 1994 and 2005. were repaired and improved; if we speak in numbers, we are talking about 2,522 houses with 122 thousand apartments. Rehabilitation costs amounted to €2.9 billion. In total, almost €5 billion (4.829 billion) have been invested in modern housing construction in Vienna since 1994.

In the future, Vienna will also offer assistance to all those in need.

In 2000, approximately 41,700 people received social assistance in Vienna. Four years later, more than 75,700 people received assistance, that is, 82% more! This number continues to grow, and the number of people who, in addition to low income (unemployment benefits, pensions, etc.) receive social assistance, is disproportionately increasing. This situation is primarily associated with the growth of unemployment (especially long-term unemployment) and the aggravation of the social situation in the federal sphere.

A turning point in the field of social security in Vienna can be considered the inclusion in the “Vienna Social Fund” of such areas as care for the elderly, assistance to the disabled, and the homeless, which was implemented during the tenure of the Councilor for Health and Social Welfare Renate Brauner.

With the help of the "Social Fund Vienna" and the magistrate's departments, optimal organizational structures have been created to ensure that high social standards are maintained in Vienna in the coming years.

In the future, ubiquitous social centers will completely replace the current social departments and social work offices. The new institutions offer both financial assistance (social assistance) and personal assistance (counseling, social services and social work). At the moment, Vienna's social centers help about 48,000 citizens, that's 31.5 thousand households. Additionally, the “Service Department of Social Services” itself offers prompt assistance and information on obtaining social assistance for all people with financial problems.

Every year, about 22 thousand residents of Vienna use outpatient social services. The type and scope of social services depends on individual needs. Based on an outpatient approach, there is active support for older people in the city, which allows them to stay in their immediate environment for as long as possible and live in their own apartment.

To ensure that people in need or their loved ones can easily obtain information about service conditions, there are eight health and social support centers in Vienna. Every year, about 30 thousand information and consulting services are identified, as well as about 4.5 million individual services, ranging from home care to food delivery.

The competent center for all social service offerings in Vienna is the new central service center "Reception in residential and care homes" on Gulgasse. This service provides easy access to all private and city care and social care institutions.

Seven public centers and eight private centers are an important part of the social services for older people in Vienna, so that they can stay in their familiar environment for as long as possible. In this way, the excessive burden on loved ones involved in caring for them is also removed. The day centers serve approximately 350 Viennese residents every day.

Certified health and nursing professionals provide home-based services to sick and disabled people of all ages. This service is free for 28 days from the date of the doctor’s order. If there is a need to care for a patient for a period of time that goes beyond this period, then financing does not come from social insurance, but according to fixed tariffs. Based on the new rules, all residents of Vienna have the same criteria for access to home care services, and, in addition, the high quality of this type of service is guaranteed.

International experience in the provision of social services convincingly demonstrates that all countries are characterized by common strategic problems of social development, which are solved differently in each country, and the current system of marketing social services is the key to social well-being and high living standards of society. The social institution of marketing social services is a necessary, integral part of the social structure of modern society, no matter what level of socio-economic development it is at.

From January 1, 2015, in connection with the entry into force of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation,” a deep reorganization of the social service system for the population in the Russian Federation is taking place.

The main innovations introduced by Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation”:

The concept of types of social services, which today is the basis that forms the structure of the system of regulatory legal acts at the regional level, is no longer used;
the linking of the right to social services to social categories, for example, “elderly citizens and disabled people”, in the new law is completely replaced by a new universal basis - recognition of a citizen as needing social services in the presence of specific circumstances that worsen or may worsen the conditions of his life;
the new law introduces the concept of preventing circumstances that determine the need for social services, as a system of measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes that served as the basis for the deterioration of citizens’ living conditions, reducing their ability to independently provide for their basic life needs;
a holistic legal model for organizing a regional system for meeting the population's needs for social services is being introduced, opening up the possibility of forming a non-state social service sector on the basis of equal access to the social services market for business entities of various organizational and legal forms.

In accordance with the law, the regional system of meeting the population's needs for social services is based on a set of norms within the framework of the following legal model:

Description of the stage	Note
Approval by a subject of the Russian Federation of a list of social services (hereinafter referred to as the “list”)	A list of specific social services is being compiled that are a guarantee and expenditure obligation of the state to the citizen (if the latter has an individual need)
Adoption of a standard for each service included in the list of social services	The standard, as part of the procedure for providing services, will determine the guaranteed volume of each service included in the list of social services, that is, what a specific service is as a “resource-process-result” or as a lot that can be put up for free auction and subject to subsequent control of execution
Inclusion of social services in regional social service programs	The volume of resources included in regional programs is formed based on the projected need for services and per capita funding standards for each service included in the list, which are calculated on the basis of the state standard for services
Finalization of the state task, or open competitive placement of an order for the implementation of regional program activities (for the provision of state social services), or provision of compensation to suppliers	The list of purchased services will be a list of social services, and the technical specifications for each service will be a state standard. The contractor on a competitive basis can be an organization of any form of ownership

A provider of social services, in accordance with the new law, can be a legal entity, regardless of its organizational and legal form, and (or) an individual entrepreneur providing social services. The latter opens up the possibility of forming a non-state sector in the field of social services for the population.

Accordingly, the main element of the new model is not a social service institution, but a social service.

Financing, as well as performance and quality indicators, are tied to the service. Moreover, for social services, performance indicators here can be not only economic, but also social in nature.

This approach creates a technology for ensuring the effectiveness of the social service system, based on new principles - through managing the process of providing public services.

The key element of the model is state standards for social services, which form the basic requirements for the volume, quality, procedure and conditions for the provision of social services, including norms and regulations related to the provision of a specific service.

In accordance with Art. 27 of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation”, the social service standard includes:

description of the social service, including its scope;
terms of provision of social services;
per capita standard for financing social services;
quality indicators and assessment of the results of providing social services;
conditions for the provision of social services, including conditions for the accessibility of the provision of social services for disabled people and other persons, taking into account the limitations of their life activities;
other provisions necessary for the provision of social services.

Also in the field of social services for the population there is a set of national standards. Including standards containing lists of services for certain categories of the population, for example:

GOST R 52885-2007. Social services for families;
GOST R 52886-2007. Social services for women;
GOST R 52888-2007. Social services for children;
GOST R 53059-2008. Social services for people with disabilities;
GOST R 53058-2008. Social services for elderly citizens;
GOST R 53064-2008. Types of social service institutions and social services to citizens without a fixed place of residence and occupation;
GOST R 53349-2009. Rehabilitation services for elderly citizens.

However, these standards do not have a unified principle for applying the sets of services given in them, as well as classifying them as guaranteed or provided additionally on the terms of full payment. Also, national standards do not contain requirements for the volume of social services, the procedure and conditions for their provision.

Separately, it should be noted the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 52142-2003 “Social services to the population. Quality of social services”, formulates the basic requirements that determine the quality of social services. The quality of social services and the criteria that characterize it are discussed in this standard in relation to the volume and forms of service provision. This regulatory document defines the necessary organizational and technical conditions, professional qualification requirements for personnel and other conditions, the provision of which in social service institutions is necessary and sufficient for the implementation of core activities:

the presence and condition of documents in accordance with which the institution operates;
conditions of placement of the institution;
staffing of the institution with specialists and their qualifications;
special and standard technical equipment of the institution (equipment, instruments, equipment, etc.);
the state of information about the institution, procedure and rules for providing services to social service clients;
the presence of internal and external systems (services) for monitoring the activities of the institution.

Based on the above, the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region has formulated a form for describing a social service within the framework of the state standard, which makes it possible to implement a model of a non-state social service system:

1. General Provisions

2. Quality indicators and assessment of the results of providing social services

3. General conditions for the provision of social services, including conditions for the accessibility of the provision of social services for people with disabilities and other persons, taking into account the limitations of their life activities

4. Description of social services, including their scope, terms and conditions of provision

Social service form: ...

Name of social service: ...

A technology has also been developed for the development and implementation of regional standards of social services:

Stage	Events
Stage I "Preparatory"	Development of a service description format (state standard form) Formation and preliminary training of working groups to create draft standards from among social work practitioners (hereinafter referred to as “working groups”) Formation and preliminary training of a group of experts from among SME specialists and representatives of academia, whose tasks includes coordination and methodological support of the activities of working groups (hereinafter referred to as “experts”)
Stage II “Development of draft standards”	Formation by working groups (each group is assigned 1-3 types of social services) of draft standards for social services Acceptance by experts of draft standards formed by working groups and posting of draft standards on an open Internet resource (uralsocinform.ru)
Stage III “Discussion of draft standards in a professional environment”	Organization of discussion of posted projects among organizations providing social services Processing by experts and working groups of comments and suggestions received during the discussion on draft standards
Stage IV “Scientific development of draft standards”	Scientific development of draft state standards in the following areas: labor economics and natural standards (clarification of the positions of labor time costs, materials, equipment needs, etc.); legal expertise (correctness and completeness of application of norms from related areas of legal regulation - SANPiNs, SNiPs, etc.); determination of per capita financing standards for state social services
Stage V “Public discussion of draft standards”	Public discussion of draft state standards during a series of meetings with representatives of active public organizations that unite citizens who are consumers of social services
Stage VI “Implementation of state standards”	Approval of state standards by the government of the Sverdlovsk region, organization of work on their implementation

To date, the standards have been developed and adopted; you can view them at the link.

At the same address, consultation of social providers on the application of standards and monitoring of “feedback” for the purpose of further refinement and development of standards continues.

Another important innovation is the legislative consolidation of the concept of “information systems in the field of social services”; moreover, the law directly provides for the role and place of such information systems as the register of social service providers and the register of recipients of social services in ensuring the functioning of the above model. This approach was applied for the first time in the history of the industry and lays the foundation for regional automation in the field of organizing social services, including based on unified solutions.

When developing such solutions, standards of social services are also a necessary initial element of all information systems used, since they form one of the main directories - a directory of social services, on the basis of which all possible elements of the architecture of a regional information system are assembled and synchronized, solving the problem of automating the processes of organizing provision social services in the regional system of social services for citizens:

Thus, the organization of the development and application of regional standards for social services is one of the main elements that ensures:

formation of a sustainable system for meeting the needs of the region's population for social services;
creation of an effective automated model for organizing the activities of a regional system of social services for the population in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation.”

The forum for discussing 442-FZ is open at:

About the author: Ilya Illarionov, head of the department of technologies for social services for citizens of the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION 1. Interdepartmental interaction is carried out as comprehensive support for a family with children or a family that finds itself in a housing situation, emergency situation, crisis situation, in need of government assistance from various specialists of various social practices 2. Comprehensive support of Federal Law 442 (psychological services, social services, pedagogical, material , medical, etc.) is carried out according to an individual plan developed by the curator for working with families at the Family and Children Assistance Center. 3. An individual family support plan is carried out by specialists: a specialist in working with families, a psychologist in the social sphere, a social worker, a social teacher, a rehabilitation specialist, etc. 4. Identification of difficult situations requiring the intervention of various specialists, assistance in resolving these situations; 5. Assistance in creating or updating a social support network. 6. Support for foster families

FEATURES Features of interdepartmental interaction: The principle of building interdepartmental interaction for each department still remains its own, despite any Federal Laws and Regulations!! The provision of social and educational services of interdepartmental interaction must be carried out by specialists in accordance with the requirements of Professional Standards. New specialties according to interdepartmental professional standards are not introduced by the Ministry of Labor. Organizations that must provide services have appointed specialists to new positions at their own peril and risk (checked by the prosecutor's office). There has been a significant reduction in the salaries of these specialists in the social sphere. The educational psychologist was replaced by a psychologist in the social sphere and their activities changed dramatically - hours, salary, job descriptions for which they were not prepared!!! Conducting advanced training courses in connection with appointment to new positions lags behind the needs of practice, because there are no approved programs for advanced training and retraining and there are not enough specialists who can train in these areas

Difficulties of interdepartmental support: 1. Who identifies and identifies those in need of government assistance? 2. Who prescribes services? 3. Support and provision of comprehensive assistance - three main models of teamwork are used: multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary (interprofessional) and transdisciplinary. All these three models are, as it were, an evolutionary continuation of each other, but at the same time, each of them acts as a separate and meaningful model of team work. The concept of “team” is not traditional in the domestic social sphere. The term “team” refers to a small group of professionals with complementary skills, united by a common goal, a common approach and mutual responsibility to achieve common goals. It should be noted that simply bringing together people with different professional knowledge and skills does not result in a team. To form a team, it is necessary to achieve agreement within each group regarding the goals (priorities), means (methods and approaches), as well as the roles and responsibilities of each member of the future team.

Origins of assistance (congenital and acquired) The team’s activities are characterized by the following features: · a common vision of the client’s problems (the child, his family, etc.); · presence of a common goal of activity; · coordination of actions of team members; · complementarity of team members by functions and roles; · existence of uniform protocols of actions; · group responsibility of team members for the results of impacts; · the ability to quickly respond to the situation in which the child finds himself. The main factors for successful work in a team of specialists are coordination and constant communication, clear planning and flexibility in teamwork, constant contacts between specialists, both in organizational and substantive aspects.

Social partnership A multidisciplinary team is a group of independent specialists (experts) from various disciplinary fields, each of whom independently develops a support work plan and performs only their own specific tasks. The work can be carried out either by various specialists, not necessarily members of the working group, or by a team consisting of specialists of the same profile. The organizational disadvantage of such a team is considered to be a low level of coordination. The transdisciplinary team is considered as an adherent of the most effective and newest direction, within which a coordinated exchange of information, professional knowledge and skills is carried out between representatives of various disciplines. A system for providing social assistance and services of a wide variety of properties. The team includes several professional specialists and representatives of other specialties. By integrating and coordinating joint actions, the team achieves its goals, vigorously introducing elements of planned interaction, and organizing staff training on work methods. In the course of joint activities, all specialists exchange not only information about everything that is to be done or has already been done, but also planned and implemented “actions” that make up their community. This direction involves the formation of professional universalism among team members.

Origins of care (innate and acquired) An interdisciplinary/interprofessional team is characterized by a higher level of coherence and coordination of actions, the determination of the work plan is carried out collectively. This is the most promising direction used in support work. The interdisciplinary team emphasizes a specific order of interactions, and regular meetings organized by it allow for more detailed and thorough discussions of each case and plan. Depending on the goals set, the recipient of services (a disabled child or a family) meets either with the entire team (all members of the working group) or with its individual representatives. The presence of specialists in various fields not only guarantees the most accurate expert assessment of existing difficulties, but also allows us to offer a large selection of social services and successfully overcome emerging interdepartmental barriers. Members of an interdisciplinary team may be highly professional specialists, however, in some cases, none of them has sufficient knowledge or skills to successfully solve the problem alone.

Origins of assistance (innate and acquired) An interdisciplinary team, accumulating and integrating the intellectual and professional potential of all its members, as a result has more extensive knowledge, skills and abilities than an individual specialist or group of specialists in a particular industry. To solve problems that require innovative approaches, creative ideas, or drawing on broader information from different fields, an interdisciplinary team is more productive by drawing on the cross-disciplinary knowledge and experience of its members. Collaboration between representatives of different professions is an effective tool for overcoming resistance to “other people’s” ideas, which can arise during the “parallel” work of specialists, when they work on solving the same problem, each in their own place. Involving highly professional specialists from various fields in developing a strategy and tactics for solving a problem can significantly reduce the resistance that the actions of a specialist or group in any “own” department may encounter.

eleven

“Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards...”

and application of professional standards for education and social workers

Problems and prospects for introducing professional

standards for social workers in organizations

support for family and childhood in the social sphere of Moscow

Evsteshina O.I.

State Budgetary Institution "City Resource Center for Family and Childhood Support"

"Otradnoe", Moscow, Russia

The practical aspects of the implementation of professional standards in family and childhood support organizations of the Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection of the Population, which carry out social preventive and rehabilitation work with families and children, are considered.

The main problems in the field of implementation of professional standards are noted and directions for their possible solution are indicated.

Key concepts: professional standards, social sphere, social services, family and childhood support organizations, social preventive and rehabilitation work with families and children.

The development, testing and implementation of professional standards is one of the priority tasks of the personnel policy of social service organizations. Currently, in Moscow, the process of transition to new professional standards is carried out in stages, taking into account the current regulatory framework, as well as social guarantees for workers.

However, a number of unresolved problems and contradictions remain, complicating the transition process and creating certain obstacles to their implementation in social service organizations.

Regulatory and legal basis for the activities of social service organizations The basis for creating a new system of support for family and childhood in the city.

Moscow received the following legal documents:

National Strategy of Action in the Interests of Children for 2012–2017 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2012 No. 761);

The concept of state family policy in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025. (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 25, 2014 No. 1618-r);

Federal Law No. 442-FZ “On the fundamentals of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation”;

PART II

Federal Law No. 48-FZ “On Guardianship and Trusteeship” and Moscow Law No. 12 “On the Organization of Guardianship, Trusteeship and Patronage in the City of Moscow”;

Federal Law No. 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency”;

Moscow Law No. 34 “On social services for citizens in the city of Moscow”;

Strategy of the Moscow Government for the implementation of state policy in the interests of children “Moscow Children” for 2008-2017, approved by Decree of the Moscow Government of March 25, 2008 No. 195-PP;

Decree of the Moscow City Government No. 829-PP “On social services in the city of Moscow.”

After the introduction of Federal Law No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation,” the task of resolving existing and possible contradictions arising as a result of law enforcement practice was determined.

To solve this problem, a working group was created, which included practitioners, teachers from the State Autonomous Institution IDPO and the ANO “Council for Management and Development”. In each administrative district, focus groups were held among specialists, topical issues were formulated, which formed the basis for the development of methodological recommendations for organizing practical work with families and children in the context of the implementation of the Federal Law of December 28, 2014 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services citizens in the Russian Federation." Thus, conditions have been created in Moscow to regulate various legal forms of support for family and childhood.

At the same time, there is the problem of organizing activities for social support of families, which is one of the important components of preventive work. Article 22 of Federal Law No. 442-FZ interprets social support as assistance in obtaining assistance not related to social services, which creates significant interference in the activities of organizations. In this regard, a new package of proposals was developed regarding social support for families with children to amend the federal law of November 28, 2015 No. 358-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law” On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation."

These provisions directly concern specialists working in social service organizations and dictate direct actions to clarify their labor functions.

Organization structure

Within the framework of one social service organization related to the field of family and childhood support, various areas can be implemented. Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for educational and social workers. The latter, in turn, make it possible to establish the structure of the organization. Organizations of this kind provide the entire range of types of social services and types of preventive work, excluding home care, which are regulated by current legislation (FZ-442, FZ-120, Moscow City Law No. 12).

In accordance with this, divisions can be created within the structure of organizations in the field of family and childhood support, the activities of which reflect all stages of work with children and families and take into account the main categories.

Possible names of such units.

1. Department of social support for families and children (early prevention of family dysfunction) - provides such an area of activity as working with families at the stage of a potential risk of family dysfunction.

2. Department of social prevention (day care department) - provides individual preventive work for minor recipients of social services and their families (children and families in difficult life situations).

3. Department of social rehabilitation (where there is a hospital) - provides comprehensive social rehabilitation of minors belonging to the categories of homeless, street children, children in a socially dangerous situation.

4. Department of social rehabilitation of disabled children - provides comprehensive social rehabilitation aimed at increasing the social competence of recipients of social services.

5. Department of Social Diagnostics (department for identifying child and family problems) - provides work on the territory for the purpose of early detection of child and family problems.

6. Department of support for foster families (if there is the status of an authorized organization in this area of activity) - provides training for foster parents and subsequent social support for children under guardianship/trusteeship.

Changing approaches to the formation of personnel policies of social service organizations in connection with the introduction of professional standards A professional standard is a document containing, in accordance with Article 195.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (LC RF), a description of professional skills, experience, abilities and knowledge necessary for the implementation of a certain type of professional activities that describe, in accordance with the layout, the content of specific labor functions, ranked by skill levels depending on the complexity and responsibility of the work performed, in accordance with which the labor function is assigned to the employee.

PART II

In cases provided for by federal laws, the application of professional standards is mandatory.

In the social sphere, on January 1, 2015, professional standards in the social sphere came into force, which can be applied in the field of working with families and children.

These include:

- “Head of a social service organization”;

- "Social worker";

- “Social work specialist”;

- “Specialist in working with families”;

- “Specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere”;

- “Psychologist in the social sphere.”

Amendments have been made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, according to which, in terms of presenting requirements for the qualifications of workers, professional standards are subject to application from July 1, 2016.

These positions relate to the core staff of social service organizations, who provide social services and carry out individual preventive work. These positions comply with OKVED 85.30 (provision of social services).

In addition to these specialists, the functions of providing social services may be assigned to the following employees.

1 Educator At the moment, the educator belongs to the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff, i.e. may be in organizations engaged in educational activities.

Currently, a working group has been created to develop, test and implement a new professional standard “Educator in the social sphere”. The proposed new position is not entitled to social benefits, labor rights and guarantees associated with the status of a teaching worker (working hours, vacation), and also, according to the new remuneration systems, this position is not included in the qualification professional group for remuneration, in which previously included teaching staff 2 Manager These positions belong to the section of the Unified Qualification Circle, cultural directory “Positions of specialists in the field of culture, organizer, art and cinematography.” At the same time, taking into account the presence of cultural and leisure activities in the company’s list of social services, it is possible to introduce these positions into the staffing table.

In the future, it is planned to organize cooperation between social sector organizations and cultural organizations to carry out this activity as corresponding to the type of economic activity in this area (outsourcing). Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for educators and social workers

– – –

To service the activities of social service organizations, it is necessary to have specialists, employees related to general industry positions, such as: accountant, human resources specialist, legal adviser, labor protection specialist, civil defense specialist, secretary, etc.

The presence of a medical service, including medical workers, is necessary if the organization has a hospital and a license for medical activities.

In connection with new requirements for the professional activities of social sector specialists, questions arise about the need for special measures to bring the job functions of employees into compliance with professional standards and other legal documents.

In 2015, the process of transition to new professional standards began, and a contradiction arose: on the one hand, social and pedagogical services are included in the list of departmental services and are in demand, and on the other hand, teaching positions are excluded from the staffing list of family and childhood support organizations , as well as Centers for the Promotion of Family Education (Table 1). This contradiction creates a limitation in the receipt of social and pedagogical services by children. At the same time, professional specialists are changing the length of the working week, which has become the same for all employees - 40 hours (previously: speech therapist - 18 hours, teacher - 30 hours, educational psychologist - 36 hours) and the duration of vacation (instead of 56 days - 28). At the same time, they perform the most complex social and pedagogical work, especially in hospitals.

The question of teaching positions in the social sphere and new professional standards is open and requires detailed consideration.

Issues arising in connection with the transition to new professional standards are considered by the heads of social service organizations consistently and taking into account the educational requirements for employees of social service organizations. The main ones are presented in table. 2, and the requirements are in table. 3.

PART II

– – –

However, not all organizations have the means to train or retrain their employees, which is an obstacle to a systematic and successful transition to new professional standards.

Comments regarding certain professional standards in connection with their implementation in family and childhood support organizations In accordance with the professional standard “Specialist in the field of rehabilitation work in the social sphere,” the employee’s labor function involves providing comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to vulnerable categories of the population. In social sphere organizations for minors, this function involves the socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical rehabilitation of minor recipients of social services, which includes: children with limited health and (or) disabilities, mental disorders, victims of participation in military conflicts, terrorist acts, after various types of accidents and disasters, victims of domestic, sexual and physical violence; children and teenagers - orphans; children and adolescents without permanent residence with various types of severe addiction (alcoholism, drug addiction and other addictions); minors in conflict with the law, on probation or in the penitentiary system.

This target group and the labor function of a specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere fully corresponds to the type of economic activity of social institutions and current legislation, and also meets the needs of minor recipients of social services that make up the contingent of social organizations. Requirements for the education of a specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere presuppose the presence of education in the following specialties: clinical psychology, special psychology, social pedagogy, special preschool psychology and pedagogy, as well as the presence of a special (defectological) education. In this regard, speech therapists (defectologists) of social organizations can be transferred to the position of specialist in rehabilitation work without undergoing additional professional education programs.

In connection with the alignment of the personnel policy of social organizations with the current legislation, the problem arose of maintaining the position of “educator” in the staffing table of organizations with stationary forms of service, given the absolute need to perform this labor function in organizations providing stationary forms of service to children and adolescents.

The labor function of a teacher involves social and pedagogical support, social education and social adaptation of children and adolescents, as well as ensuring the life activities of children and adolescents, aimed at their upbringing and socialization. Without performing such a function, rehabilitation work in institutions providing inpatient services to children and adolescents becomes deprived of an important component; the hospital becomes primarily a place of residence for children in situations of separation from their families. The professional standards of a social work specialist, a rehabilitation work specialist, a family specialist and a social psychologist do not require the performance of this function.

Resolution of this contradiction is possible if a draft of a new professional standard “Specialist in the field of education in the social sphere” (“Educator in the social sphere”) is developed with the submission of an application to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.

Taking into account the current situation of discussion of this issue, it is currently proposed to leave the name of the position “educator” unchanged in social organizations providing inpatient forms of service until the end of 2016, until the issue of compliance of the labor function of the educator with current professional standards is resolved.

To illustrate the current situation in the field of personnel work, we provide an approximate staffing table for the family and childhood support center, indicating structural divisions and positions (Table 4).

One of the most pressing issues is the assessment of the qualifications of specialists from social service organizations, their certification or certification, as well as the educational programs necessary to develop the relevant competencies of specialists within the framework of existing professional standards. A number of issues remain that require additional consideration within the framework of special interdepartmental working groups.

Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for education and social workers

– – –

Note. The director of the institution, based on operational needs and in agreement with the Department, may, within the established payroll fund, introduce positions into the institution’s staff that are not provided for in the approximate staffing table, or introduce additional positions at the expense of appropriations allocated from the appropriate budget for these purposes.

“*” day care department “*” department for early prevention of family problems.

Literature

1. Letter of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated April 4, 2016 No. 14-0/10/B-2253 “Answers to standard questions on the application of professional standards” [Electronic resource] // Legal reference system “Consultant Plus” URL: http ://www.consultant.ru/ cons/cgi/onlne.cgi?req=doc&base=LAW&n=196694&div=LAW&dst=0%2C0&r nd=224476.5162589413920124 (accessed August 26, 2016).

No. 584 “On the specifics of the application of professional standards of part of the requirements mandatory for application by state extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation, state or municipal institutions, state or municipal unitary enterprises, as well as state corporations, state companies and business entities, more than fifty percent of shares (stakes) in the authorized capital of which is in the state's own Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of approbation and application of professional standards for workers in education and the social sphere or municipal property" // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, No. 27 (Part III), Art. 4484, 07/04/2016.

3. Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 18, 2014 No. 889n “On approval of recommendations for the organization of interdepartmental interaction of executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the provision of social services, as well as in assistance in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance not related to to social services (social support).”

4. Labor Code of the Russian Federation, December 30, 2001 No. 197-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2016) // Russian newspaper. 2001. 31 Dec. No. 256.

5. Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 3, 2016) // Russian newspaper. 2012. 31 Dec. No. 303.

Organization of the transition to the professional standard of a teacher: experience and prospects (based on the material of the internship site of the Republic of Mordovia)

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A description of the main results of testing the model of experimental implementation of the professional standard of a teacher in the conditions of the federal internship site of the Republic of Mordovia, created on the basis of the state budgetary institution of additional professional education “Mordovia Republican Institute of Education” for the purpose of implementation in 2014-2015 is presented. Federal target program for the development of education for 2011-2015. The features of the application of the qualification requirements stated in the professional standard of a teacher are revealed.

Mechanisms for involving representatives of the system of state-public education management (representatives of employers, consumers of professional associations, trade unions, teaching staff, experts, etc.) in the procedures for independent assessment of teachers’ competencies are considered. Preliminary results of applying the requirements of the professional standard of a teacher to the content of professional teaching activities in the education management system of the Republic of Mordovia are shown.

Key words: teacher, professional standard, certification, additional professional program, competence, audit.

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