Barents depth map. Detailed map of the depths of the Barents Sea. Economic importance, industry and shipping

Do you know where the Barents Sea is? It is located on the edge of the Arctic Ocean. Until 1853, it had a different name - the Murmansk Sea. It washes the shores of Norway and Russia. Speaking about where the Barents Sea is located, it should be noted that it is limited by the archipelagos of Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen, as well as the northern coast of Europe. Its area is 1424 thousand square meters. km. Coordinates: 71° N. latitude, 41° east. d. In some places, the depth of the Barents Sea reaches 600 m.

The reservoir we are interested in is located on the In winter, its southwestern part does not freeze, as the North Atlantic Current prevents this. Its southeastern part is called the Pechora Sea. The Barents Sea is very important for fishing and transport. There are major ports here - Varde (Norway) and Murmansk. Before World War II, Finland also had access to this sea: its only port that did not freeze in winter was Petsamo.

Today, the places where the Barents Sea is located are highly polluted. A serious problem is the radioactive waste entering it. Big role The activities of our country’s nuclear fleet, as well as Norwegian plants involved in the processing of radioactive waste in a body of water such as the Barents Sea, play a role in this. The boundaries of its belonging to individual states (sea shelf) have recently been the subject of territorial disputes between Norway and Russia, as well as some other countries.

History of sea exploration

Let us now tell you in more detail about the body of water that interests us. Let's start with historical information about him. Since ancient times, people knew where the Barents Sea was, although its name used to be different. The Sami (Lapps) - Finno-Ugric tribes - lived along its shores. The first visits by Europeans (first the Vikings, and then the Novgorodians) date back to the end of the 11th century. Gradually they became more and more frequent. The map shown in the photo below was drawn in 1614.

In 1853, the Barents Sea received its modern name in honor of the Dutch navigator. Its scientific study began with the expedition of 1821-24, led by F. P. Litke. And at the beginning of the 20th century, N.M. Knipovich compiled the first reliable and complete hydrological characteristics of it.

Geographical position

Let's tell you in more detail about where the Barents Sea is located on the map. It is located on the border of the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic. It is the outlying water area of ​​the first. The Barents Sea on the map is located between the islands of Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach in the east, in the south it is limited by the northern coast of Europe, and in the west - Bear Island and Spitsbergen. The body of water we are interested in is bordered in the west by the Norwegian Sea, in the east by the Kara Sea, in the south by the White Sea, and in the north it is limited by the Arctic Ocean. The Pechora Sea is the name of its area located east of the island. Kolguev.

Coastline

Mostly the shores of the Barents Sea are fjords. They are rocky, high and heavily rugged. The largest bays of the Barents (also known as the Kola Bay, Motovsky Bay, etc. The coastal topography east of Nos changes sharply. Its shores become low and mostly slightly indented. There are 3 large shallow bays here: Khaypudyrskaya, Pechora and Cheshskaya Bay. In addition , there are several small bays.

Islands, archipelagos, rivers

The islands of the Barents Sea are few in number. The largest of them is Kolguev. The sea is limited on the east, north and west by the archipelagos of Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen. The largest rivers that flow into it are Indiga and Pechora.

Currents

The circulation formed by surface currents occurs counterclockwise. The Atlantic waters of the North Cape Current move north and east along the eastern and southern periphery. It is warm because it is one of the branches of the Gulf Stream system. Its influence can be traced all the way to Novaya Zemlya and its northern shores. The western and northern parts of the gyre are formed by Arctic and local waters that come from the Arctic Ocean and the Kara Sea. In the central part of the Barents Sea there is a system of intracircular currents. Under the influence of changes in wind directions, as well as water exchange with nearby reservoirs, water circulation changes. Tidal currents are of great importance. It is especially large near the coast. The tides of the Barents Sea are semidiurnal. Their largest value is 6.1 m and is observed off the coast of the Kola Peninsula. As for other places, the tides in them range from 0.6 m to 4.7 m.

Water exchange

Water exchange that occurs with neighboring seas is important in maintaining the water balance of this sea. About 76 thousand cubic meters enter the reservoir through the straits throughout the year. km of water (the same amount comes out of it). This represents about a quarter of the total water volume. The largest amount of it (approximately 59 thousand cubic km per year) is brought by the North Cape Current. It is warm and greatly influences the hydrometeorological indicators of the Barents Sea. About 200 cu.m. km per year is the total river flow.

Salinity

During the year in the open sea, surface salinity ranges from 34.7 to 35% in the southwest, from 33 to 34% in the east and from 32 to 33% in the north. In summer and spring in the coastal zone it drops to 30-32%. And towards the end of winter, salinity increases to 34-34.5%.

Geological data

The sea we are interested in is located on the Barents Sea Plate. Its age is determined as Proterozoic-Early Cambrian. Syneclises are depressions of the bottom, anteclises are its elevations. As for smaller landforms, at depths of about 70 and 200 meters there are remains of ancient coastlines. In addition, there are glacial-accumulative and glacial-denudation forms, as well as sand ridges formed by large tidal currents.

Bottom of the Barents Sea

This sea is located within the boundaries of the continental shallows. However, unlike similar reservoirs, in a fairly large part the depth of the Barents Sea is about 300-400 meters. The maximum is 600 meters, and the average is 229. As for the bottom topography, there are hills (Persea with a minimum depth of about 63 meters and Central), plains (Central Plateau), trenches (Western, the greatest depth of which is 600 meters, and Franz Victoria (about 430 meters), etc.), depressions (maximum depth of the Central depression is 386 meters). If we talk about the southern part of the bottom, its depth rarely exceeds 200 meters. It has a fairly leveled relief.

Soil composition

In the southern part of the sea of ​​interest to us, the cover of bottom sediments is dominated by sand. Sometimes there is crushed stone and pebbles. On the elevations of the northern and central parts there is sandy silt, silty sand, and in depressions there is silt. There is coarse clastic admixture everywhere. This is due to the spread of ice, as well as the large distribution of glacial relict deposits. In the middle and northern parts, the thickness of sediments is less than 0.5 m. Because of this, ancient glacial deposits on some hills are located almost on the surface. Sedimentation occurs at a slow rate (less than 30 mm per thousand years). This is explained by the fact that terrigenous material is supplied in small quantities. The fact is that due to the peculiarities of the coastal topography, no large rivers flow into the Barents Sea, with the exception of the Pechora, which leaves almost all alluvium in the Pechora estuary. In addition, the shores of the land consist mainly of crystalline rocks, which are quite durable.

Climate

Let's now talk about the climate of such a body of water as the Barents Sea. The Atlantic (warm) and Arctic (cold) oceans influence its formation. The fact that weather conditions are very variable is explained by the frequent invasion of Arctic cold air and Atlantic warm cyclones. Over the sea, mainly south-west winds blow in winter, and north-east winds blow in summer and spring. Storms happen here often. In February, the air temperature averages from -25 °C (in the northern regions) to -4 °C in the southwestern regions. Cloudy weather prevails over the sea throughout the year. The amount of precipitation per year in the northern regions is 250 mm, and in the southwestern regions - up to 500 mm.

Ice cover

In the east and north of the Barents Sea, climatic conditions are quite harsh. This determines its significant ice coverage. Only the southwestern part of the sea of ​​interest to us all year round remains without ice. Its cover reaches its greatest extent in April. This month, approximately 75% of the entire surface of the Barents Sea is occupied by floating ice. At the end of winter, in particularly unfavorable years, floating ice reaches the shores of the Kola Peninsula. Their smallest number is observed at the end of August. The ice boundary these days moves beyond 78° north latitude. In the northeast and northwest of the sea, ice usually remains throughout the year. Nevertheless, sometimes the sea is completely free of them.

Barents Sea temperature

The relatively high salinity and temperature in the southwestern part of this reservoir determines the flow of Atlantic warm waters here. From February to March in these areas the surface water temperature ranges from 3 °C to 5 °C. It can reach up to 7-9 °C in August. During the winter months in the southeastern part, as well as north of 74°N latitude, the surface temperature of the Barents Sea drops below -1°C. In the southeast in summer it is 4-7 °C, and in the north it is about 4 °C. In the coastal zone in the summer months, the surface layer of water can warm up at a depth of 5 to 8 meters to 11-12 °C.

Fauna and flora

The Barents Sea is home to many species of fish (there are 114 species). There is rich animal and plant plankton and benthos. Seaweed is common along the southern coast. The most important commercial fish species are herring, haddock, cod, catfish, sea bass, halibut, flounder, etc. Mammals here include seal, polar bear, beluga whale, etc. Currently, the fishery is for seal. On the coasts there are many (swimming gulls, guillemots, guillemots). In the 20th century, they were brought to these territories. They managed to adapt and begin to actively reproduce. A bunch of sea ​​urchins, various echinoderms, different types starfish are distributed along the bottom of the water body of interest to us.

Economic importance, industry and shipping

The Barents Sea is very important both for the Russian Federation and for Norway and a number of other countries. Russia is actively using its resources. It is rich in various species of fish, animal and plant plankton, as well as benthos. Thanks to this, Russia is actively extracting hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf in the Barents Sea. A unique project of our country is Prirazlomnoye. For the first time, hydrocarbon production is being carried out from a stationary platform in this area. The platform (OIRFP Prirazlomnaya) allows all necessary technological operations to be carried out directly on site. This greatly simplifies the mining process.

The sea route connecting the European part of our country with the ports of eastern (since the 19th century) and western countries (since the 16th century), as well as Siberia (since the 15th century) is also very important. The largest and main port in Russia is Murmansk (pictured below).

Among others, the following stand out: Indiga, Teriberka, Naryan-Mar. Norwegian ports are Kirkenes, Vadso and Varde. The Barents Sea contains not only merchant navy our country, but also naval, including nuclear submarines.

The sailing directions have been adjusted according to notifications to mariners of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense according to issue No. 41 of September 30, 2000.

Information about changes that occurred after this date is published in subsequent releases of notices to mariners of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense and in additions to the directions.
With the publication of this navigational guide, the Barents Sea Pilot is considered unsuitable for navigation purposes. Part I (No. 1111) GUNIO MO, 1991

1. Information clearly presented on nautical charts or set out in detail in other navigation manuals is not given in detail in the sailing directions. Due to this:

Information about navigational aids is limited to indications of their presence and position;
- information about navigational hazards located away from fairways, anchorages and the usual routes of ships is given in general characteristics no detail;
- coordinates of the routes of submarine cables and pipelines, as well as the boundaries of mine-hazardous areas and sensitive areas are not given (only information about the presence of such objects and areas is provided);
- no description is given of fairways specifically designed for the passage of ships through mine-hazardous areas.

2. The reliability of the location of poles and buoys, as well as the strict constancy of the nature of the lights of floating warning signs, cannot be completely relied upon.
3. Aeronautical radio beacons may temporarily stop their operation or change its mode, about which no messages are given to mariners.

On May 2019 year, a correction was made to the pilot according to
1. Page 84. Lines 5-8. Cross it out. Do not include the correction and place instead:
“The Capp Martin (Carr Magyp) air beacon (77°43.2’M, 13°56.9’E) is installed at Cape Martin.” (IM 2512/19(1), V. Uo1. b
2. Page 234. Line 8. Cross it out. (IM 2512/19(2), N. 20/56178/16
3. Page 234. Lines 19-20. Cross out from “radio beacon” through “and also.” (IM 2512/19(3), N. 20/56178/16

District diagram

GENERAL REVIEW

Navigational-geographical sketch
Hydrometeorological essay
Swimming rules
NAVIGATION DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1.

Chapter 2. Western coast of the island of Western Spitsbergen

From Sørkappøya to Isfjord
Isfjord Bay
From Isfjord to Kongsfjord
From Kongsfjord to Fuglepunten

Chapter 3. Northern shores of the islands of Western Spitsbergen and Northeastern
Earth
Northern coast of the island of Western Spitsbergen
Northern coast of the island of North-East Land

Chapter 4. Storfjord Strait and approaches to it from the south
Approaches to the Storfjord from the south
Storfjord

Chapter 5. Hinlopen Strait and approaches to it from the south and east
Approaches to the Hinlopen Strait from the south and east
Hinlopen Strait
Recommendations for sailing along the main routes
Tips for swimming in ice
Help Desk
Information about depths at anchor sites
Distance tables
Alphabetical index

Notes on proofreading

Detailed depth map of the Barents Sea

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