What is the correct name for housing and communal services? What fees are included in the concept of “utility payments. Decoding and structure of the receipt

Utilities have become a part of people's daily lives. It is difficult to imagine even a day of life without the usual electricity, hot and cold tap water and heating in winter.

providing housing with water;
provision of electricity;
gas supply;
elevator maintenance (if the building has them)
heating provision.

Various specialized organizations provide certain types of services.

Typically, contracts with suppliers are concluded apartment building management companies.

However, certain services (for example, gas supply) are connected directly under an agreement between the homeowner and the service provider.

Who can provide public services to citizens:

housing cooperatives;
specialized companies that can provide this type of service.

Utility providers sell them, and therefore for them there is a monthly fee. The rules for calculating services will be discussed below.

Rules for providing services to owners

These rules are developed on the basis of legislation in this area. defined for each service provided.

Each of the services is provided according to the contract, concluded between the one who provides the service and the one who receives it.

The service agreement is concluded for an indefinite period. It can be changed or terminated on the basis of the relevant legislative clauses of the Rules.

The contract must be agreed upon with regional control services.

The consumer can legally protest his rights if he does not agree with something in the text of the contract.

The mode under which services are provided must necessarily comply with legislative standards and be confirmed by technical documents.

For example:

For heating, sanitary standards must be such that they determine the temperature in the rooms established by the contract during the entire period for which the service is provided.
Electricity must be supplied according to standard around the clock. Wastewater must be removed continuously and efficiently and cold water must be supplied.
The pressure of the supplied gas must meet the standard parameters specified in the contract throughout the year.
The service provider is also obliged to ensure the safety of using elevators if they are installed in the house.
The organization responsible for waste disposal must ensure its complete removal, creating sanitary and epidemiological safety.

Possible deviations from the service regime established by the contract must be specified in the signed contract.

Calculation of utility tariffs

A tariff is the cost of a utility resource supplied to a home (for example, the price 1 m3 of gas or cost 1 kW/h electricity).

Tariffs for services are determined by the municipal service or regional committee, which calculates the cost of utility bills. The same service installs .

The standard is average resource consumption, corresponding to the degree of improvement of the apartment or house.

Tariffs are set based on the cost of supplying resources, i.e. depends on the costs borne by their supplier.

This includes costs for:

construction, uninterrupted operation of all utility networks;
fuel and raw materials;
purchase of electricity and heat;
wages for supplier employees.

Each region has its own utility tariffs. This depends on various factors:

duration of the cold period,
temperatures in cold weather,
remoteness from sources of electricity, fuel and gas.

Calculation of resource consumption volume

If an apartment or house has meters for water, gas and electricity, they are paid according to the meters.

If there are none, there are special standards for the supplied resource per person.

Heating is in a special place. According to the decree of June 1, 2013, the payment for the provision of heating is not divided into 2 periods. According to the new rules heating fees are distributed evenly throughout the year and without dividing the payment for its consumption for the needs of residential premises and for general house needs.

But the amount of payment and heating standards, as before, are determined based on the duration of the cold period in the region.

What is the payment procedure for the resources provided?

. Now this is not a problem and you can do this, for example, through:

bank, by personally visiting the utility payment window;
the bank, writing an application to deduct payment from income passing through the bank account;
terminal, for example, the terminal of Sberbank of Russia;
Internet.

Many banks provide the opportunity to pay for utilities via the 24-hour Internet system.

Recalculation of service fees

Recalculation of payments for consumed utility services is possible in the cases specified in the Regulations on the procedure for recalculation.

Recalculation is possible if a person leaves for a long time and does not have water and gas meters. But such recalculation is done in cases where a person warns about leaving in advance.

There is no recalculation of elevator maintenance and rent.

If the fact of the citizen’s return during the period indicated by him as the period of absence is established, the fee for services is charged in full.

Suspension and restriction of the supply of individual resources

Limiting a utility service is a reduction in the quantity supplied to the consumer.

Suspension of the service or its limitation does not mean that the contract is terminated.

Without notification, this situation is possible when:

an emergency or threat of an emergency has occurred,
repair work is carried out in utility networks to avoid emergency situations or repair and restoration work after an accident.

Services may also be suspended in case of unfounded debts to pay them.

If a citizen cannot pay for “utilities” for a good reason, he. In this case, services are only limited for the period of registration of the right to a subsidy.

Where to go if you are overcharged?

If you think that your tariffs are too high, you can check this by contacting the regional tariff control service or the housing and communal services department. You can also contact the prosecutor's office if the regulatory agencies did not help you.

Resources whose supply paid by meters, in the quantities they show, proof that you used the service in the quantities indicated. As a rule, there are no disputes here.

If there is no counter, controversial situations often arise. But payments can be recalculated if there is documentary evidence.

It is illegal, for example, to include the area of a loggia or balcony in the heating calculation.

Video: Innovations in charging for utility services

The video talks about the new rules for calculating payments for housing and communal services in 2017:

What is included in utilities? Utilities are the activities of individuals aimed at providing residents of apartment buildings with the necessary living conditions and comfort. As a rule, such activities are carried out by some housing organization, represented in the form of an HOA (homeowners' association) or a management company. Having an understanding of housing and communal services (housing and communal services), you can stop attempts by a housing organization to attribute debts or payments that accidentally entered there.

So, what is included in the rent? Homeowners associations or management companies may, at their discretion and in agreement with residents, provide services of various types. However, only those services that are designated as such directly in the legislation are recognized as utility services.

Today, the legislation defines the following as the services of housing organizations provided to residents of apartment buildings:

Supply of residents with cold water. The only requirement for which this public service can be provided is a continuous supply of high-quality water in the quantity necessary to meet the needs of residents. Water supply can be carried out through centralized systems, individual water supply systems of a separate house, or through a column that is installed outside an apartment building.
Hot water supply. The requirements for providing residents with hot water are the same as the requirements for cold water supply.
Disposal of used water. Disposal of such water is carried out exclusively through centralized sewer systems. This utility service must be provided continuously. At the same time, access to sewerage must be in every residential building of an apartment building.
Electricity supply. To be considered suitable for human habitation, each apartment building must have a connection to power lines. Electricity transmission is carried out continuously in the amount necessary to satisfy the household needs of residents.
Supply of gas to residents. Gas supply must be available around the clock. If it is not possible to connect the house to gas supply lines, gas may be provided through gas cylinders that have been certified and suitable for use.
Providing residents with heating. Heating is supplied to apartment buildings mainly in winter. However, depending on temperature changes, heating may be supplied at other times of the year. The main requirement for heating is the supply of heat in a volume that is sufficient to maintain room temperature in the apartment.

The issue of the list of services provided to residents is resolved through negotiations between the meeting of residents and the relevant housing organization. The agreements reached during negotiations are formalized in the form of an agreement for the maintenance of an apartment building.

The availability of a utility service depends on its availability in a particular apartment building. So, if an apartment building is not equipped with a sewer system, then, accordingly, this service will not be provided to residents. At the same time, the presence of certain utilities seems mandatory for the admission of a particular house to operation.

Utilities are what are included in the list established by law. In addition to housing and communal services, which are designated as such in the law and without which permission to operate a house will not be granted, housing organizations, in agreement with residents, have the right to provide another list of services, in addition to utilities. Such services are called housing and are also mandatory for apartment buildings.

So, what is included in the list of housing services?

The list of such services that are included in the maintenance of housing and are not recognized as utilities is presented as follows:

Lighting of non-residential premises in the house, which are recognized as common areas, as well as maintaining normal temperature in such areas.
Maintenance of local areas and common premises in accordance with sanitary standards, carrying out activities aimed at this.
Collection of household waste from residents and removal of it outside the locality. This service was previously provided by housing organizations themselves. Today, the provision of this service by housing and communal services has been centralized, and housing organizations now serve as intermediaries.
Ensuring fire safety. This service consists of providing residents and the residential building itself with a fire alarm system and fire-fighting tools. According to the law of the Russian Federation, any action or equipment that serves fire safety purposes can be included in this service.
Activities included in the housing and communal services to create an environmentally friendly climate in the adjacent areas. Mainly represented by actions aimed at landscaping and improving the designated areas.
Residential repairs of current and major nature. Funds are collected for this on a monthly basis, and the service itself is provided as needed and at intervals established by law.
Preparing your home for a certain season. For example, in winter it can be insulated. In the spring season, it may be necessary to update the gutters and check the roofs and other objects that are part of the house, and so on.
Maintenance of property in the house belonging to all apartment owners on the basis of common ownership rights.
Inspection of the condition of the house to determine the need for certain measures.

A similar list of rent maintenance services is, as a rule, provided only to residents living in apartment buildings. They are not provided to owners of private houses; therefore, they do not pay for such services.

On the other hand, they have to provide themselves with the appropriate services, which should be included as mandatory in the legislation. For example, the presence of fire safety systems is a mandatory condition for the admission of any residential premises to human habitation.

So what's included in the rent receipt? Residents are primarily interested in the question of the content of the receipts, the concepts included in it, which comes to them from the housing and communal organization in Russia and contains the amount for payment. Many people are interested in why certain items are included in the receipt and inflate the amount payable, as well as what makes up the final amount. However, many of them have no idea how to read it.

According to the rules of the law, a utility payment receipt must consist of the following information:

information about housing and utility services that were provided in the corresponding month, indicating the volume of consumption;
information about general services provided in the interests of all residents of an apartment building;
information about the tenant who must pay the utility bill;
information about the housing institution;
residential account;
bank account details in the utilities sector;
amount to be paid, advance amount and date of last payment;
table of tariffs for the cost of housing and communal services;
other information for reference;
information about the availability of recounts;
Reminders for consumers.

Information about housing and communal services in the receipt includes information in accordance with the following list:

cost of consumed cold and hot water;
cost of consumed electricity;
cost of gas consumed;
cost of provided thermal energy;
cost of house maintenance services;
amount of payments for repairs.

In addition, residents pay subsidies for services aimed at maintaining common house premises. The list of such services may include:

cleaning of staircases;
sanitary maintenance of local areas;
removal of household waste;
regular maintenance of engineering and technical equipment.

In addition to its informative function, the receipt serves as the basis for the residents’ obligation to pay for utilities.

For this reason, the receipt contains the following details:

total amount to be paid;
the date by which payment must be made;
consequences of failure to pay utilities on time.

The large amount of information on the receipt makes it confusing.

However, if you wish, spending just a few minutes, you can thoroughly understand it. Of course, it's better to know what you're paying for.

However, additional information must be provided on the receipt.

The list of such information may include:

decoding of the amount to be paid;
background information;
description of the equipment used to calculate consumed utilities;
payment methods for utilities.

In turn, in terms of deciphering the amount to be paid, the following data must be included, which constitutes the final amount of the rent:

amount to be paid for the consumption of a separate apartment for communal services;
expenses for provision of common building facilities;
tariffs;
total payment amount;
recalculation;
benefits at the cost of living;
result.

Expenses for the maintenance of common premises are considered separately from the subsistence level of services consumed by a separate apartment. Thus, the consumption volumes of an individual apartment are calculated based on the indicators of special accounting equipment, and in the absence of such equipment, based on consumption standards established by regional authorities.

Expenses for common building facilities are calculated based on the result of subtracting the indicators of the accounting equipment of all apartments from the indicators of the common building equipment. This result is divided into all apartments in an apartment building according to the number of people living in them.

In addition, the utility company has the right to indicate some background information, which can be represented by the following data:

regulations, agreements, norms of law;
readings of accounting equipment taken in the corresponding month;
total consumption rate for the entire house.

The household reference information serves the purpose of verifying that residents have calculated the correct amount of their utility bills. For this reason, most unscrupulous housing organizations do not provide such information.

Each consumer of utility services is assigned his own personal account, according to which, using special software, individuals will be able to check their debts and so on.

In addition, such software serves the following purposes:

individual determination of payment;
checking the settlement data of each personal account;
issuing a statement indicating the presence of an advance or debt;
availability of rights to benefits according to the rules of the subsistence minimum.

Typically, the receipt does not indicate the methods by which you can pay for the services of the housing organization. They include such information for the convenience of the consumer.

Today, housing organization services are paid in the following ways:

through payment terminals and ATMs;
through payment systems on the Internet;
specially developed mobile applications.

Of course, each consumer has the right to independently choose how to pay utility bills. However, they must be paid on time.

Memo on protecting the rights of consumers of housing and communal services

The information offered covers questions about the structure of housing and communal services, who is obliged to provide what services.

What applies to public services?

In accordance with paragraph 4 of Art. 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and the Rules for the provision of utility services to citizens dated May 23, 2006 No. 307, utility services include:

Cold water supply and wastewater disposal;

Hot water supply;

Electricity supply;

Heating (including supply of solid fuel);

Gas supply (including in cylinders).

What applies to housing services?

According to the All-Russian Classification of Services to the Population, approved by Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 1993 No. 163, housing services include:

Current and major repairs of general building equipment of a residential building;

Garbage removal (solid and liquid household waste).

The rules for the provision of utility services to citizens, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 206 No. 307, regulate the relations that arise between providers and consumers of utility services, establish their rights and obligations, as well as the procedure for monitoring the quality of services received by citizens.

In accordance with these Rules:

- executor- a legal entity, as well as an individual entrepreneur, providing utility services, producing or purchasing utility resources and being responsible for maintaining in-house utility networks.

The executor can be: a management organization, a homeowners association (HOA), a housing construction cooperative (HBC).

- consumer- a citizen who uses public services for personal, family, and household needs not related to business activities.

Methods of managing apartment buildings:

1. directly by the owners in an apartment building;

2. a homeowners association (HOA) or a housing cooperative;

3. management organization.

It should be borne in mind that if the owners of the premises have not chosen a way to manage their home, then the local government holds an open competition to select a management organization. In this case, the municipality, within ten days from the date of the competition, notifies all owners of the premises about its results. At the same time, citizen-owners are required to conclude management agreements for an apartment building with this management organization.

Apartment building management agreement:

The management agreement for an apartment building is concluded in writing by drawing up one document signed by the parties.

One party to such an agreement is the management organization; the other party is the owner of the premises in an apartment building or the governing body of a homeowners' association, or the governing body of a housing cooperative, or the governing body of another specialized consumer cooperative.

The terms of the agreement for the owners of premises in an apartment building are specified in the decision of the general meeting of these owners. They cannot be changed by the management organization and must be the same for all owners of premises in the house.

Under the management agreement, the management organization, on the instructions of the other party, undertakes to provide services and carry out work for the proper maintenance and repair of common property in the house and to provide utilities for a fee within an agreed period.

The management agreement for an apartment building must indicate:

1. composition of the common property of the apartment building in relation to which management is carried out;

2. a list of services and works for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building, the procedure for changing such a list, as well as a list of utilities provided by the management organization;

3. the procedure for determining the price of the contract, the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises and the amount of payment for utilities, as well as the procedure for making such payment;

4. the procedure for monitoring the management organization’s fulfillment of its obligations under the contract.

The management agreement is concluded for a period of no less than one year and no more than five years.

What applies to the common property of an apartment building?

The owners of premises in an apartment building own, by right of common shared ownership, premises in this building that are not parts of apartments and are intended to serve more than one premises in this building, including:

inter-apartment landings;

stairs, elevators, elevator and other shafts;

corridors;

technical floors, attics, basements in which there are engineering communications, other equipment serving more than one room in a given house (technical basements);

roofs enclosing the load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of a given house;

mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other equipment located in a given house outside or inside the premises and serving more than one room;

the land plot on which this house is located, with elements of landscaping and improvement, and other objects intended for the maintenance, operation and improvement of this house, located on the specified land plot.

All this property belongs to the owners on the right of common shared ownership. Consequently, the responsibility for its maintenance rests with all owners by paying fees for maintenance and repairs.